TAXONOMIC STATUS OF HYMENOCALLIS CHOCTAWENSIS AND HYMENOCALLIS PUNTAGORDENSIS (AMARYLLIDACEAE)

15 Pages·1996·7.9 MB·English

by  Gerald L Smith

TAXONOMIC OF HYMENOCALLIS
STATUS
AND
HYMENOCALLIS
CHOCTAWENSIS
PUNTAGORDENSIS (AMARYLLIDACEAE)
GERALD SMITH
L.
Department
Biology
High
Point University, University Station
NC
High 27262-3398, U.S.A.
Point,
MARK GARLAND
A.
Environmental
Services
of
Office
Florida Department Environmental Protection
of
3900 Commonwealth M.S. 140
Blvd.,
FL
32399-3000,
U.S.A.
Tallahassee,
Hym
and
'awemis
nera vez, han sido preparados
\
The United have petplexed
species of Uymenocallis native to the States
m
who
those have tried to identify either herbarium specimens or plants
the The puzzlement, at least in part, due to the lack of a compre-
field. is
hensive modern treatment that deals with the myriad of published spider-
Wooten
names and establishes distinctive species concepts. Godfrey and
lily
emphasized the need quality herbarium vouchers of native popu-
(1979) for
lations throughout the southeastern United States and for published infor-
Such
mation about the characteristics of the plants in the wild. informa-
would treatment emphasizing
tion provide the basis for a
fie
recognizable on herbarium specin
ires
.
on selected species q{ Hynmiocallis that were based on herbarium, and
field,
cytological data. This approach was successful in defining the species un-
der study and holds promise clarifying the taxonomy of many of the
fiDr
southeastern Hymenocallis
species.
Traub
(1962) published a key to the species oi Hymenocallis but unfortu-
nately provided nomenclatural background concerning chosen
little his
names or information about the plants they would be found growing
as in
the wild. His treatment did not deal with number of published names
a
such as Hymenocallis crassijolia Herb, and H. liriosme (Raf Shinners, and we
)
can only conclude that he considered them synonyms names.
or invalid
However, Traub did have a large greenhouse collection of and
spider-lilies,
he displayed remarkable
a ability to recognize different species of
Hymenocallis
Traub's understanding of native southeastern was
spider-lilies consider-
ably enhanced by the field endeavors of Mary G. Henry (Henry 1950; Traub
Driven by
1962). her devoted chauffeur, Ernest Perks, in a Cadillac outfitted
with oversized and redesigned and
tires for field travel for collecting plants
recording Henry
field observations, JMrs. acquired an extensive bulb collec-
tion. She often prepared herbarium vouchers from the populations from
which she acquired bulb sample. Mrs. Henry Traub
a sent bulbs of each
collection so that he could cultivate them, bring them into flower, and
When
view the specimens firsthand. Traub recognized a distinctiveness of
form some new
in of these collections, he described species. Traub (1962)
new
published species oi Hymenocallis based on Mary G. Henry
five collec-
Traub on Walter and
tions. also relied Flory his students the Blandy
S. at
Experimental Farm
of the University of Virginia for cytological informa-
Hymenocallis choctawensis
Traub
Hymenocallis choctawensis one of the species that Traub 962) described
is
(
1
from made An
a collection by Mrs. Henry. investigation has led us to con-
clude firmly that Hymenocallis dominant ground
choctaivensis a cover spe-
is
cies along river systems of the Florida panhandle from the Apalachicola
River westward
southeastern
to Mississippi.
1984 made
In the authors pressed and living collections of Hymenocallis
a
along a tributary of the Choctawhat chee River Walton County,
in Florida.
This population appeared most sm^ specimens
iilar to in the Florida State
University herbarium identified as H. caroliniana (L.) Herb. Hymenocallis
caroliniana was reported to have chroinosome numbers of 2« = 52 54
or (Flory
we
1975, 1976), so expected that we would determine numbers from
these
'
our
collection. Instead, the author established that the somatic
first
;
Smith and Garland, Hymenocallis (Amaryllidaceae) ^07
number
of our collection was 2« = 44, and the karyotype exhibited 36 two-
armed and chromosomes The
8 telocentric (Fig. identity of this collec-
1).
now
with what had been H. seemed remote because
tion called caroliniana
2w = 44 had also been reported Hymenocallh coronaria (J.Le Conte) Kunth,
iox:
examined Schmidhauser and
but collections cytologically by (1954) Joye
and Smith (1993) revealed 32 two-armed and 12 telocentric chromosomes
Our from known
in this species. collection thus appeared to differ all other
specits.o( Hymenocallis.
In examining names used for Hymenocallis in the western Florida pan-
we Mary
handle, discovered that Traub had proposed H. choctawensis for a G.
made
Henry collection. Henry's field diaries, available to the authors
JVIrs.
by her daughter, Josephine deN. Henry, revealed that the type bulb collec-
tion was made along a tributary of the Choctawhatchee River in Walton
Our
County, very near our collection. specimens were similar morphologi-
MO:
most our specimens and
cally to the type of H. choctawensis at notably,
the type possessed oblanceolate leaves, rhizomatous bulbs, long-spreading
perianth segments and triangular bracts that are not long-tapering.
We
many
concluded that our collection, as well as of the specimens filed
We
made
as H. caroliniana at FSU, were specimens of H, choctawensis. field
number where had been and
of "H. caroliniana" collected
trips to a sites
gathered bulbs and vouchers. Angus Gholson of Chattahoochee, Florida,
we chromosome number and
also sent bulbs. Eventually determined the
was
karyotype of several of these populations (Table It gratifying to see
1).
we
number from had H.
the 2/z=44 repeatedly collections that identified as
arm mea-
on morphological grounds. Based on comparisons of
choctawensis
we
surements from prepared from several different collections, ob-
figures
chromosome
served uniformity in both the two-armed and telocentric types.
The measurements below were taken from pressed, dried herbarium speci-
mens with the exceptions of the seed and fruit dimensions, which were
made came from
by the authors. All qualitative information observations
greenhouse.
of plants in the field or cultivated in the
Hymenocallis choctawensis Traub, Plant Life 18:70. 1962. (Fig. Typl:
2).
UNITED
Mary
STATES. Florida: Walton Co.: from bulbs coUecced by Mrs. G.
MO!
263 TRA).
Henry, specimen Trcuh + b (iiolotyfe: ex
./
3-6 X 2-5 cm, neck 2-8 cm,
Bulb rhizomatous, ovoid subglobose,
to
upward
basal plate 1.5-5 cm; tunica gray-brown. Leaves 5-9, arching to
suberect, shiny green, oblanceolate, channeled proximally, blade gradually
dm
x 2.5-6 cm, apex
tapering towards the base, 3.5-7.5(-8.5) coriaceous,
dm,
acute. Scape 3.5-6.2 two-edged, glaucous; 2 or 3 scape bracts enclosing
B
I>Mi
ll»»lll»W
jimoMat
ii
I
cm mm;
x 15-20
the buds, 3-4.5(-6) each flower with subtending
a
mm.
x
10-15
bracteole, 2.8-3.7 Flowers 2-8(-12), opening
sequentially,
highly fragrant; perianth segments slightly ascending to spreading, white,
cm mm;
tinged green on and 8-12 x 5-9
keel at base, perianth tube green,
7-11
cm; staminal cup white with
small yellow-green funnelform,
eye,
gradually spreading, shortly tubulose below, 2.5-4 X 4-5 cm; margin
ir-
regularly bi-or tridentate, projections not prominent between the
free
fila-
ments; free filaments suberect, inserted on a depression, white, 2.5-4 cm,
anthers 1.5-2.5 cm, pollen golden; style green in distal half, fading into
mm;
white proximally, 13-18 cm; ovary ovoid, 10-15 X 5-10 ovules 1-3
per locule. Fruit broadly trigonous to subglobose, 3-4 x cm. obovoid
3 Seeds
to elongated, 2-3(-4) x 1.4-2.3 cm. Somatic chromosome number 2«=44.
Slough, F
y
panhandle
choctawenm Traub, the Florida spider-lily, dis-
Hymenocallis
is
tributed westward from the Apalachicola River and its tributaries to the
northward
lower Pascagoula River in southern Mississippi. It extends into
southern Alabama and southwestern Georgia (Fig. Flowering time, as ob-
3).
served and documented from herbarium sheets, occurs from spring to early
summer. Distinguishing characteristics are rhizomatous bulbs, large, oblan-
The
green and showy long, white peri-
ceolate, shiny leaves, inflorescences.
anth segments that spread from the base of the funnelform staminal cup at
right angles to the axis are especially distinctive characteristics.
floral
The rhizomes developing from the bulbs are tubular propagators arising
Dense
horizontally from the upper region of the basal plate. colonial stands
The
form of vigorous rhizome production. presence or absence of
as a result
these structures have been reported previously by Small (1933), Sealy (1954),
Herndon
and
(1987).
dominant ground on
found cover the
the
Hymenocallis as
choctaivensis
is
banks spring-run, and blackwater streams, and in the floodplain
of
alluvial,
swamps These dominated by canopy
and floodplain beyond. areas are a
forests
Carya
of Taxodium dutichum Rich., Acer rubrum L,, Nyssa aquatica L.,
(L.)
aquatica (Michx. f Nutt., M^^«o/z^ virgmtana L. var. australis Sarg., Quercus
)
Liquidambar
Michx., lyrata Walt., Q. nigra L., styraciflua L.,
laurifolia Q.
Nutt.
Ulmiis americana L., Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh., Celtis laevigata
and Pinus Engelm. Small trees include Gleditsia aquatica Marsh.,
elltotttt
K. Koch, Carpinus carolimana Walt., Cornus foemina
Ostrya virginiana (Mill.)
and Planera aquatica]. Gmel. Shrubs occasionally observed were
Mill.,
F.
Wait,
Cephalanthus occidentalis L., Crataegus viridis L., Ilex decidua Cyrilla
nudum
Viburnum obovatum Walt., V. L., Itea virginica L.,
racemiflora L.,
Hypericum Lam., Vaccinium
Sebastiama fruticosa (Bartr.) Fern., galioides
corymbosum Arundinaria gigantea (Walt.) Muhl., and Sabal minor acq.)
L., (J
Woody observed were Campsis radicans Seem, ex Bureau,
vines (L.)
Pers.

^
J--'-
'
-^^
100
1
Koehne, loxuoduubon Kuntze, Lotmera
(L yadiuins (L
ciyborea
A///pcio/>\/\
) )
Thunb and
Ijpouna Bu/miithia ouihi (Walt Shinners, Vitn spp S)iiilax
)
,
,
and C sp With// are herbs such as species of C^^ex
sp[-) A?;/^/;/! i/m/^//^6/'/'i/>
Unh\ WiUd C
exKun/e, C
inckidinuC t^//i-a>M/Shuttlew supata ex
,
(Lamb day,
/v/M/ Hailo, FtmbriU)ln spp Rhymhospoya torniudala
/;// ., )
,
Gmel
P spp Junius sp Wuranthemum innhyuMim F Blake, Lobe-
iiUkI!
(J )
,
,
Urban
mala (Walt Lindau var Lmceolata
sp \/././"sp jiistuui in
l,j
)
, W ,
&
hapm R Long, Zuaniopsn vuluuea (Michx Doell, Asch Asd-
(C
) ) ,
&
Cham
ptHNun Walt Hypuphila latusUn (Schlecht
Hypoxia sp
cpjas
)
, ,
Michx L
Nces, Polygoiu/m sp Sagittarui ^uinnnea Pontederia cotdata
, , ,
L
(Matr spp
AltDiiantheta philoxuo?des Ciiiseb Cypcu/\ Sa?/tjnrn iernmis
)
, , ,
hngelm
Lyiumu anmnanu))! L paMifhnus Raf
,Sai)U)lu\ Aljflio;/* ;;?^rrajy;(?r/^/:^
, ,
Sw L
Owimida
Wooduaydia aimlata (L Moore, ly^odiiim faponu/nn regalia
)
, ,
L
and
sp Orontiiim aqaatiLiivi
\[y)/ophyll/nii
,
USA ALABAMA
Co
specimens examined BaldvMii Hisrniic Blakelv
Representative
(UWt Bdkc
(GA)
SR-201
iwa>
( f
NW
Garland 1650 (FSU). Okaloosa Co.: Yellow River, of Crestview, May 974, Godfr,
1
1 1
N
73583 (FSU). Walton Co.: scream of Red Bay on SR-81, 8 May 1959,
first Goclfre
58607 (FSU); mi SE of Knox Hill along Choctawhatchee Rwer, May
ca. 3 983, Wilhel>
5
1
1
N
11384 (USF). Washington Co.: ca. 2 mi of Caryville, 10 May 1974, Godfrey 735 L
(FSU, IBE),
H
most
Hymenocallis
choctawensis often misidentified in herbaria
is as
[=H.
occidentalis caroltmana of authors, not Herb.] (Smith 1991)
(L.) et
al.
may
also be confused with Hymenocallis which found
It duvalensis, alon^
is
floodplains in the Florida panhandle from the upper Ochlockonee Rive
north into Georgia and east across northern Florida. The following key wil
allow one distinguish
to these
taxa:
dm
cm
3.5-7.5(-8.5) long, 2.5-6 wide.
Hymenocallis puntagordensis Traub
Another
Hymenocallis species whose identity has been obscure H.
is
puntagordensis Traub (Smith et al. 1994). Traub (1962) based this species on
plants he grew from bulbs collected by C.L. Burlingham Punta Gorda,
in
A
Florida. critical examination of the type specimen and a thorough analy-
sis of the original description led to the conclusion that this entity was
distinctive and worthy of species status. However, was perplexing that
it
loans from Florida's major herbaria (FLAS, FSU, FTG, USF) included no
specimens that seemed match Traub
to entity.
's
August we
In 199.3 and again in 1995 observed Hymenocallis around
Punta Gorda with many-flowered on
inflorescences robust, glaucous
scapes,
and with 5—8 coriaceous, shiny green, strap-shaped The most
leaves. strik-
ing features were their small, funnelform staminal cups with
distinctive
marginal projections. These specimens were similar in both quantitative
and
qualitative characters to the type of H. puntagordensis.
&
Our
original collection. Smith Garland 1625, and the type shared
also
same chromosome
the number, 2« = 46 Smith
(Flory 1976;
et 1994).
al.
However,
the karyotype of the type collection was unknown. From our
collection, the author prepared karyotype showed 34 two-armed
first a that
and chromosomes One
12 telocentric (Fig. of the chro-
4).
!
largest pair showed a distinct satellite on the short arm in
vhich chromosome was From
this clearly observable. the
all
5^
A
tMHHHHMJHMI
IHHI
w
we concluded that our collections
information available to us,
pnntagordemh.
Traub
Our with bulb that
collections provided us characteristics \
The we examine
bulbs
documented Hymenocallis puntagordensis
for
.
ovoid, with an elongated neck and a chestnut-
Hymenocallis puntagordensis Traub, Plant Life 18:71. 1962. (Fig.
5).
UNITED
STATES. Florida: Charlotte Co.: from bulbs collected by C.L.
Type:
5-8 X 2-4.5 cm, neck long, (5-)8-12 cm,
Bulb nonrhizomatous, ovoid,
1-2 cm; tunica dark-brown. Leaves 5-8, evergreen, suberect,
basal plate
dm
X
channeled proximally, 3.5-7.5
narrowly strap-shaped,
shiny green,
5-6 dm, two-
1.5-3 cm, highly coriaceous, apex acute. Scape distinctly
cm
4-6 X
edged, glaucous; two scape bracts enclosing the buds, ca. 15