Surgery on the Move

343 Pages·2014·4.096 MB·English

by  Morgan, Jenna, Viggars, Andrew, Walker, Harriet

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Surgery
on the Move
TThhiiss ppaaggee iinntteennttiioonnaallllyy lleefftt bbllaannkk
Surgery
on the Move
Authors: Jenna Morgan, Harriet Walker
and Andrew Viggars
Editorial Advisors: Lynda Wyld, Jeff Garner,
Derek J. Rosario, Ahmed Nassef
and Anil Hormis
Series Editors: Rory Mackinnon, Sally Keat,
Thomas Locke and Andrew Walker
Boca Raton London New York
CRC Press is an imprint of the
Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
CRC Press
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© 2014 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business
No claim to original U.S. Government works
Version Date: 20140128
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4441-7602-5 (eBook - PDF)
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Contents
Preface x
Acknowledgements xii
List of abbreviations xiii
An explanation of the text xvi
Part I General surgery 1
1. Pre-operative care 5
1.1 Pre-operative assessment in the elective patient 5
1.2 Pre-operative assessment in the emergency surgical patient 10
1.3 How to manage conditions of special relevance 10
1.4 Preparation for theatre 18
1.5 First time in the operating theatre 19
1.6 Incisions 21
2. Lumps and bumps 23
2.1 Abdominal wall herniae 23
2.2 How to examine for groin herniae 28
2.3 Benign soft tissue swellings 29
2.4 Malignant soft tissue swellings 36
2.5 How to examine a soft tissue swelling 39
2.6 Superficial infections 40
2.7 Skin cancers 42
3. Breast 51
3.1 Breast examination 51
3.2 Benign breast diseases 54
3.3 Breast cancer 58
3.4 Breast screening 68
4. Endocrine 71
4.1 Examination of the thyroid gland 71
4.2 Hyperthyroidism 74
4.3 Hypothyroidism 79
4.4 Carcinoma of the thyroid gland 80
4.5 Primary hyperparathyroidism 83
4.6 Phaeochromocytoma 85
4.7 Conn’s syndrome (primary hyperaldosteronism) 86
4.8 Cushing’s syndrome 87
4.9 Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) 88
vi Contents
5. Hepatobiliary 91
5.1 Hepatobiliary anatomy 91
5.2 Upper abdominal pain 91
5.3 How to examine the abdomen 95
5.4 Jaundice: pathophysiology and classification 98
5.5 Gallstones 100
5.6 Acute pancreatitis 106
5.7 Pancreatic malignancies 112
5.8 Primary hepatic malignancies 114
5.9 Secondary hepatic malignancies 116
5.10 Biliary malignancies: gallbladder 118
5.11 Biliary malignancies: cholangiocarcinoma 119
6. Upper GI 121
6.1 Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) 121
6.2 Hiatus hernia 124
6.3 Achalasia 126
6.4 Mallory–Weiss tear 128
6.5 Oesophageal varices 129
6.6 Oesophageal cancer 130
6.7 How to manage acute upper GI haemorrhage 133
6.8 How to manage acute dysphagia 135
6.9 Peptic ulcer disease 136
6.10 Stomach cancer 141
6.11 Intestinal ischaemia 146
6.12 Small bowel obstruction 148
6.13 Small bowel tumours 151
7. Colorectal 153
7.1 Anatomy of the bowel 153
7.2 Appendicitis 153
7.3 How to manage a case of suspected appendicitis 157
7.4 Inflammatory bowel disease 158
7.5 Crohn’s disease 158
7.6 Ulcerative colitis 163
7.7 Ischaemic colitis 169
7.8 Infective colitis 169
7.9 Irritable bowel syndrome 170
7.10 Colorectal cancer 172
7.11 Colonic polyps 179
7.12 Diverticular disease 181
7.13 Angiodysplasia 185
7.14 Endoscopy 186
Contents vii
7.15 Pilonidal disease 188
7.16 Haemorrhoids (commonly referred to as ‘piles’) 189
7.17 Rectal prolapse 192
7.18 Anal fissure 193
7.19 Anorectal abscess 194
7.20 Fistula-in-ano 195
7.21 Anal cancer 197
7.22 Stomas 199
8. Vascular 203
8.1 Vascular anatomy 203
8.2 AAA 203
8.3 How to manage a suspected leaking AAA 207
8.4 Aortic dissection 208
8.5 Acute limb ischaemia 210
8.6 How to manage a case of possible ALI 212
8.7 Chronic lower limb ischaemia 214
8.8 How to examine the peripheral vascular system 217
8.9 The diabetic foot 219
8.10 Varicose veins 222
8.11 How to examine varicose veins 225
8.12 Carotid disease 226
9. Acute urology 229
9.1 How to examine the male genitalia 229
9.2 Testicular torsion 230
9.3 Epididymo-orchitis 233
9.4 Lower urinary tract infection (pyelonephritis) 234
9.5 Upper UTI (pyelonephritis) 235
9.6 Fournier’s gangrene 236
9.7 Urolithiasis 237
9.8 Urinary retention 241
9.9 Frank haematuria 243
9.10 Paraphymosis 245
9.11 Priapism 245
9.12 How to insert a urinary catheter 246
10. Burns and trauma 249
10.1 ATLS™ principles 249
10.2 Abdominal trauma 253
10.3 Thoracic trauma 255
10.4 Head trauma 258
10.5 Burns 262
viii Contents
11. Post-operative care 269
11.1 Post-operative care on the surgical ward 269
11.2 General post-operative complications 273
Part II Self-assessment 283
12. Pre-operative care 285
12.1 Pre-operative care EMQs 285
12.2 Pre-operative care EMQ answers 285
12.3 Pre-operative care SBAs 286
12.4 Pre-operative care SBA answers 287
13. Lumps and bumps 289
13.1 Lumps and bumps EMQs 289
13.2 Lumps and bumps EMQ answers 290
13.3 Lumps and bumps SBAs 291
13.4 Lumps and bumps SBA answers 291
14. Breast 293
14.1 Breast EMQs 293
14.2 Breast EMQ answers 294
14.3 Breast SBAs 294
14.4 Breast SBA answers 294
15. Endocrine 295
15.1 Endocrine EMQs 295
15.2 Endocrine EMQ answers 296
15.3 Endocrine SBAs 297
15.4 Endocrine SBA answers 297
16. Hepatobiliary 299
16.1 Hepatobiliary EMQs 299
16.2 Hepatobiliary EMQ answers 300
16.3 Hepatobiliary SBAs 301
16.4 Hepatobiliary SBA answers 301
17. Upper GI 303
17.1 Upper GI EMQs 303
17.2 Upper GI EMQ answers 304
17.3 Upper GI SBAs 305
17.4 Upper GI SBA answers 306
18. Colorectal 307
18.1 Colorectal EMQs 307
18.2 Colorectal EMQ answers 308