Surgery of the Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands

620 Pages·2012·25.458 MB·English

by  Klaus-Martin Schulte M.D. (auth.), Daniel Oertli, Robert Udelsman (eds.)

Surgery of the Thyroid
and Parathyroid Glands

Daniel Oertli (cid:129) Robert Udelsman
Editors
Surgery of the Thyroid
and Parathyroid Glands
Second Edition
Editors Illustrator
Prof. Daniel Oertli, M.D. Jörg Kühn
Division of General Surgery Heuchelheim-Klingen
Department of Surgery Germany
University Hospital Basel
Basel
Switzerland
Prof. Robert Udelsman, M.D., M.B.A.
Department of Surgery
Yale University School of Medicine
New Haven
USA
ISBN 978-3-642-23458-3 ISBN 978-3-642-23459-0 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-23459-0
Springer Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London
Library of Congress Control Number: 2012945931
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Preface to the Second Edition
Thyroid and parathyroid disorders are frequently encountered by the endocrine
surgeon in daily practice. It was the editors’ privilege to organize and complete the
second edition of our textbook. Rapid advances in endocrine surgery of the thyroid
and parathyroid glands made a new textbook version necessary after only 4 years.
In updating all chapters and expanding the size of the textbook by additional chapters,
we have recruited a number of excellent new contributors.
Of particular interest are the newly added chapters to this extensive and compre-
hensive textbook:
(cid:129) Molecular diagnostics with fi ne-needle aspiration biopsy
(cid:129) Neuromonitoring in thyroid and parathyroid surgery
(cid:129) Minimally invasive techniques in thyroid surgery
(cid:129) Central neck dissection for thyroid cancer
(cid:129) Radioactive therapy and external radiotherapy for thyroid cancer
(cid:129) Postoperative surveillance for recurrent malignant thyroid disease
(cid:129) Management of tracheal invasion
(cid:129) Systemic treatment for unresectable disease
(cid:129) Nonoperative ablative procedures for recurrent thyroid cancer
(cid:129) Intraoperative adjuncts in thyroid and parathyroid surgery
(cid:129) Preoperative evaluation for hyperparathyroidism
(cid:129) Surgical approaches to mediastinal parathyroid glands
(cid:129) Endocrine surgery nursing
These topics cover all surgically relevant thyroid and parathyroid pathologies, the
preoperative surgical evaluation, diagnostic classi fi cations, decision making, and
operative strategies including high-quality step-by-step illustrations of the current
surgical techniques. Internationally renowned physicians and surgeons have provided
detailed outlines and discussions on operative techniques and treatments accompanied
by rationales for particular approaches advocated by the authors.
The edition has been designed primarily to meet the requirements of surgeons who
wish to acquire profound knowledge of basic, clinical, and laboratory concepts as
well as surgical techniques regarding the thyroid and parathyroid glands thus
,
complementing the surgeons’ training. These principles are presented together with
advancements in technologic, molecular, cellular, and biologic sciences, thus meeting
the criteria of the twenty- fi rst century de fi nition of each subspecialty involving care
of patients with thyroid and parathyroid disease. The preparation of the text material
has been a labor of love and represents an honest attempt to provide information that
we believe is of clinical importance not only to surgeons but also to endocrinologists,
v
vi Preface to the Second Edition
radiologists radio-oncologist, medical oncologist, and pathologists dealing with
,
patients with thyroid and parathyroid disorders.
It is hoped that the reader will fi nd the material in our textbook as helpful and
exciting as we do.
Daniel Oertli, M.D.
Robert Udelsman, M.D., M.B.A.
Acknowledgments
The editors are deeply indebted to the authors and coauthors who have contributed to
the second edition of S urgery of the Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands . The editors
believe that this textbook will be regarded among the most comprehensive international
references on surgical diseases of the thyroid and parathyroid glands. The diligent
efforts of the contributors, who have provided insightful state of the art presentations,
are gratefully acknowledged.
The editors also wish to pay tribute to the extraordinary work of the Springer-
Verlag staff members, who enabled the realization of this fi rst edition. Particularly
appreciated were the efforts of Gabriele M. Schroeder, Editorial Director, and Ellen
Blasig, assistant editor, who provided strong encouragement and ongoing support
during the creation of this textbook. Furthermore, the editors are most appreciative of
the principal artist, Mr. Jörg Kühn, who provided us with excellent drawings.
We also express our gratitude to the valuable coordinative work of our editorial
assistants in Basel and New Haven: special thanks are addressed to Cornelia Greub
and Dotty Franco.
Finally, our profound gratitude goes to all who were involved in the development
of this text, including our immediate families, who expressed interest and encourage-
ment in the completion of this textbook. We greatly appreciate their support, which
stimulated us to pursue the ambitious goal of preparing what we consider to be a
concise, comprehensive textbook.
Daniel Oertli, M.D.
Robert Udelsman, M.D., M.B.A.
vii

Contents
1 History of Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Klaus-Martin Schulte and Hans-Dietrich Röher
2 Embryology and Surgical Anatomy of the Thyroid
and Parathyroid Glands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
William B. Stewart and Lawrence J. Rizzolo
3 Evaluation of Hyperthyroidism and Hyperthyroid Goiter . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Mirjam Christ-Crain, Nils G. Morgenthaler, and Beat Mueller
4 Diagnostic Imaging of the Thyroid
and Radioiodine Therapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Walter Wiesner, Hermann Engel, Wolfgang Steinbrich,
Egbert U. Nitzsche, Jan Mueller-Brand, Tilo Niemann,
and Georg P. Bongartz
5 Evaluation of Thyroid Nodules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Michel Procopiou and Christoph A. Meier
6 Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology of the Thyroid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Susan A. Silver and Anne E. Busseniers
7 Molecular Diagnostics in the Evaluation of Thyroid Samples . . . . . . 107
Constantine Theoharis and Pei Hui
8 Multinodular and Retrosternal Goiter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Rachel Rosenthal and Daniel Oertli
9 Surgery for Hyperthyroidism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
Peter E. Goretzki and Bernhard J. Lammers
10 Thyroiditis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Oleg Heizmann and Daniel Oertli
11 Technique of Thyroidectomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Daniel Oertli
12 Minimally Invasive Techniques in Thyroid Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
Thomas Clerici
13 Thyroid Surgery Guided by Intraoperative Neuromonitoring. . . . . . 187
Henning Dralle, Gregory W. Randolph, Kerstin Lorenz,
and Andreas Machens
ix