Structural design and performance of tube mega frame in arch-shaped high-rise buildings

88 Pages·2017·3.69 MB·English

DEGREE PROJECT IN,
SECOND CYCLE, 30 CREDITS
,
Structural design and performance
of tube mega frame in arch-shaped
high-rise buildings
MATISS SAKNE
KTH ROYAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT

DEGREE PROJECT IN CIVIL ENGINEERING, SECOND LEVEL
STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN 2017

Structural design and performance of tube mega frame
in arch-shaped high-rise buildings.

TRITA-BKN Examensarbete 505, Brobyggnad 2017

ISSN 1103-4297
ISRN KTH/BKN /EX-505-SE
KTH ROYAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
KTH ARCHITECTURE AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
AF223X DEGREE PPROJECT IN STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING AND BRIDGES 2017

Abstract

A recent development and innovation in elevator technologies have sprawled interest in how these
technologies would affect the forms and shapes of future high-rise buildings. The elevator that uses
linear motors instead of ropes and can thus travel horizontally and on inclines is of particular interest.
Once the vertical cores are no longer needed for the elevators, new and radical building forms and
shapes are anticipated. It is expected that the buildings will have bridges and/or the buildings
themselves will structurally perform more like bridges than buildings, therefore this study addresses the
following topic - structural design and performance of tube mega frame in arch-shaped high-rise
buildings.
Evidently, for a structure of an arched shape, the conventional structural system used in high-rise
buildings does not address the structural challenges. On the other hand, The Tubed Mega Frame system
developed by Tyréns is designed to support a structural system for high-rise building without the central
core, in which the purpose is to transfer all the loads to the ground via the perimeter of the building,
making the structure more stable by maximizing the lever arm for the structure. The system has not yet
been realized nor tested in realistic circumstances. This thesis aims at evaluating the efficiency of the
Tubed Mega Frame system in arched shaped tall buildings. Multiple shapes and type of arches are
evaluated to find the best possible selection.
Structural behavior of different arch structures is studied using analytical tools and also finite element
method in software SAP2000. The most efficient arch shape is sought to distribute the self-weight of
the structure. The analysis shows that it is possible to accurately determine efficient arch shape based
on a specific load distribution.
Furthermore, continuing with the arch shape found in previous steps, a 3D finite element model is built
and analyzed for linear static, geometric non-linearity (P-Delta) and linear dynamic cases in the ETABS
software. For the given scope, the results of the analysis show that the Tubed Mega Frame structural
system is potentially feasible and has relatively high lateral stiffness in the plane of the arch, while the
out-of-plane lateral stiffness is comparatively smaller. For the service limit state, the maximum story
drift ratio is within the limitation of 1/400 for in-plane deformations, while for out-of-plane the comfort
criteria limit is exceeded.

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Preface

This master thesis has been written at the division of structural design and bridges, department of the
Civil and Architectural Engineering, at the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH). The writing process took
place in Tyréns, in Stockholm and has been a very rewarding experience. This study concludes two-year
Mater’s program at KTH.
I would like to express large appreciation and gratitude to Tyréns and particularly my supervisor Fritz
King for providing this great opportunity to conduct my master thesis within an engineering field that I
am very much interested in and also for offering his guidance and engineering judgment throughout
the whole process.
I also thank my supervisor and examiner Professor Raid Karoumi, for his guidance and inspiration
throughout my time in KTH and also for his help, support and feedback throughout the writing process.
Thanks to Mahir Ülker, for his suggestions and knowledge concerning my questions during the process.
Last but not least, I would like to thank the whole working group in Tyréns studying the tube mega frame
concept for new building shapes and forms. Thanks to David Desimons, Matea Bradaric for helping with
the wind load estimation, also, Grigoris Tsamis, Hamzah Maitham, Levi Grennvall, Sujan Rimal, Lydia
Marantou and Paulina Chojnicka for great discussions throughout the process.

Stockholm, June 2017
Matiss Sakne

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Notations

𝐴 Cross-section area
𝐵 Width of a structural section
𝑏 Width of a cross- section of mega tube
𝑐 Windward Coefficient
𝑝𝑤
𝑐 Leeward Coefficient
𝑝𝑙
𝐷 Arch bending stiffness
𝐷 The arch stiffness at the crown
0
𝐷 The stiffness at the springing
𝑎
𝑑𝑥 Horizontal projection of arch element
𝑑𝑦 Vertical projection of arch element
𝐸 Elastic modulus (Young’s modulus)
𝑒 Eccentricity ratio for wind load (ASCE 7-10 Fig. 27.4-8)
1
𝑒 Eccentricity ratio for wind load (ASCE 7-10 Fig. 27.4-8)
2
𝐹 Transverse load
𝑓 The cyclic frequency
𝑐
𝑓 Rise of an arch
𝐺(𝑟) The geometric (P-Delta) stiffness due to the load vector 𝑟
𝐻 Height of a structural section
𝐻 Horizontal force in the arch
𝑞
ℎ Height of a cross- section of mega tube
𝐼 The moment of inertia
𝐾 The stiffness matrix
𝐾 Topographical Factor
𝑧𝑡
𝐾 Directionality Factor
𝑑
𝐿 Theoretical span of an arch
𝑙 Stretched length of a string
𝑙 Natural length of a string
1
𝑀 Moment at the support
𝑠
𝑀 The diagonal mass matrix
𝑃 Axial load
𝑞(𝑥) Basic load
𝑅 A vector of forces acting at the direction of the structure global displacement
v
𝑟 The load vector
𝑠 Arc length
𝑇 Period of a Mode
𝑇 Force at each end of a string
1
𝑡 Thickness of a cross- section of mega tube
𝑈 A vector of the system global displacements
𝑢 Poison’s Ratio
𝑉 Vertical for in the arch
𝑤 Weight of structural material
𝑥 Horizontal coordinate for the arch
𝑦 Vertical coordinate for the arch
𝑦′ Slope of the tangent line for the arch
𝑦′′ The change of the slope of the tangent line for the arch

𝛼 Thermal expansion coefficient
𝜆 The diagonal matrix of eigenvalues
𝜌(𝑠) Density function for the weight of the chain
𝛷 The matrix of the corresponding eigenvectors (mode Shapes)
𝜑 The angle which tangent to the arc makes with the horizontal axis
𝛹 The matrix of corresponding eigenvectors (Mode shapes)
𝜔 The circular frequency
𝛺2 The diagonal matrix of eigenvalues

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