Strawberries: Production, Postharvest Management and Protection

569 Pages·2019·53.09 MB·\569

by  R M Sharma (Editor), Rakesh Yamdagni (Editor), A K Dubey (Editor), Vikramaditya Pandey (Editor)

Contents Contents
Strawberries
Production, Postharvest
Management and Protection

Strawberries
Production, Postharvest
Management and Protection
Edited by
Radha Mohan Sharma, Rakesh Yamdagni,
Anil Kumar Dubey, and Vikramaditya Pandey
CRC Press
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Library of Congress Cataloging‑in‑Publication Data
Names: Sharma, R. M. (Radha Mohan), editor.
Title: Strawberries : production, postharvest management and protection /
editors: R M Sharma, Rakesh Yamdagni, A K Dubey, Vikramaditya Pandey.
Description: Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2019. |
Includes index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2019010555| ISBN 9781498796095 (hardback : alk. paper) |
ISBN 9781498796125 (ebook)
Subjects: LCSH: Strawberries.
Classification: LCC SB385 .S744 2019 | DDC 634/.75--dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019010555
Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at
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Contents
Foreword ...........................................................................................................................................ix
Preface...............................................................................................................................................xi
Editors ............................................................................................................................................xiii
Contributors .....................................................................................................................................xv
Introduction .....................................................................................................................................xix
Chapter 1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................1
V. Pandey, R. M. Sharma, R. Yamdagni, A. K. Dubey, and Tushar Uttamrao Jadhav
Chapter 2 Composition, Quality and Uses ..................................................................................23
Monika Sood and Julie Dogra Bandral
Chapter 3 Structures and Functions ............................................................................................31
R.M. Sharma, Rajesh Kumar Shukla, and Nav Prem Singh
Chapter 4 Origin, Taxonomy and Distribution ...........................................................................37
A.K. Dubey
Chapter 5 Breeding and Improvement ........................................................................................49
R.K. Salgotra, Manmohan Sharma, and Anil Kumar Singh
Chapter 6 Varieties ......................................................................................................................81
V.K. Tripathi, R.M. Sharma, and Sanjeev Kumar
Chapter 7 Tissue Culture ..........................................................................................................121
Anil Kumar Singh, Gyanendra Kumar Rai, Sreshti Bagati, and Sanjeev Kumar
Chapter 8 Markers and Genetic Mapping .................................................................................141
Era Vaidya Malhotra and Madhvi Soni
Chapter 9 Climatic Requirements .............................................................................................161
R. Yamdagni and A.D. Sharma
Chapter 10 Soil............................................................................................................................169
P.K. Rai
Chapter 11 Propagation ...............................................................................................................179
Nimisha Sharma, Laxuman Sharma, and B.P. Singh
v
vi Contents
Chapter 12 Planting.....................................................................................................................193
Biswajit Das
Chapter 13 Nutrition ...................................................................................................................209
Arti Sharma and Bindiya Sharma
Chapter 14 Water Management ...................................................................................................229
V. Pandey, R.M. Sharma, Dinesh Kumar, S.D. Sharma, and S.K. Jena
Chapter 15 Weed Management ...................................................................................................269
Manpreet Kour and A.S. Charak
Chapter 16 Mulching ..................................................................................................................289
S.K. Singh, Prashant Kalal, and Pramod Kumar
Chapter 17 Flowering ..................................................................................................................301
Kiran Kour, Bikramjit Singh, and Tanjeet Singh Chahal
Chapter 18 Pollination ................................................................................................................321
M.S. Khan, Poonam Srivastava, and R.M. Srivastava
Chapter 19 Fruit Development ....................................................................................................335
Sangita Yadav, Sandeep Kumar, Seema Sangwan, and Shiv K. Yadav
Chapter 20 Use of Plant Bio-regulators ......................................................................................349
V.K. Tripathi, Sanjeev Kumar, and Vishal Dubey
Chapter 21 Special Cultural Practices ........................................................................................359
O.P. Awasthi and Sunil Kumar
Chapter 22 Protected Cultivation ................................................................................................365
K.K. Pramanick and Poonam Kashyap
Chapter 23 Soilless Culture ........................................................................................................373
Mahital Jamwal and Nirmal Sharma
Chapter 24 Harvesting ................................................................................................................399
Sushil Sharma and Kuldeep Singh
Contents vii
Chapter 25 Yield and Varietal Performance ...............................................................................403
Sanjeev Kumar, V.K. Tripathi, and Parshant Bakshi
Chapter 26 Post-Harvest Handling and Storage .........................................................................411
B.V.C. Mahajan and Alemwati Pongener
Chapter 27 Value Addition ..........................................................................................................431
Julie Dogra Bandral and Monika Sood
Chapter 28 Physiological Disorders ............................................................................................445
A.K. Goswami, S.K. Singh, and Satyabrata Pradhan
Chapter 29 Integrated Disease Management ..............................................................................453
M.K. Pandey, B.K. Pandey, and A.K. Tiwari
Chapter 30 Integrated Insect Pest Management .........................................................................487
Uma Shankar and D. P. Abrol
Chapter 31 Pesticide Residues ....................................................................................................507
Tarun Verma, Beena Kumari, and Kaushik Banerjee
Chapter 32 Production Economics and Marketing .....................................................................519
Sudhakar Dwivedi and Pawan Kumar Sharma
Chapter 33 Challenges, Potential and Future Strategies .............................................................531
K. Kumar
Index ..............................................................................................................................................539

Foreword
Strawberries find mention in several Roman and European literatures. Although, these have been
in cultivation before the beginning of Christian era but their scientific cultivation at large scale is
only about two centuries old. The genus Fragaria, to which strawberries belong, is a group of low
perennial creeping herbs distributed in wild in the temperate and sub-tropical regions of world
and forms a polyploidy series ranging from diploid to octoploid with basic chromosome number
of x=7. In 1712, a French Army Officer A. F. Frezier introduced large fruited, female strawberry
(F. c hiloensis) plants from Chile to France which easily got hybridized with other octoploid species,
F. virginiana, to give rise to the present day large fruited cultivated strawberry Fragaria x ananassa
Duch. In the subsequent decades, breeding efforts led to development of cultivars for specific pur-
poses. Development of high impact production technologies could be largely attributed for its large
scale cultivation across the world both under open and protected conditions.
Attractive fruits of unique taste with high nutritive value and amenability to round the year
cultivation under varied management conditions have made strawberries as choice crop for grow-
ers. With short duration of cropping and precocious bearing, strawberries are ideal for high return
and attractive profit per unit area. The consumption of fruits as dessert and several processed as
well as value added products have made strawberry crop popular among growers and consumers
alike throughout world. Their utility in vertical or terrace gardens in metropolitan cities across
the world is now a reality and, therefore, strawberries have become an integral part of “Balcony
Gardens”- a modern trend in urban Horticulture. The adaptability of strawberries to selective tropi-
cal and sub-tropical climatic regions under protected conditions has made it an ideal choice in crop
diversification programmes especially for inter-space utilization in young orchards for runner or
fruit production. Thus, it could be a candidate crop for increasing the income of farmers. Besides,
multicoloured and double flowering genotypes of strawberries have great ornamental value.
Strawberries are ready for harvesting at four to five weeks after blossoming with duration between
first and full bloom to be 10 to 12 days. Large variations in productivity of strawberries ranging
from as low as 6 t/ha to as high as 83 t/ha have been reported in about 120 to 150 days of cropping
period. With average price of strawberry fruits at US $ 200/q, a gross return up to US $ 15000, US
$ 14200 and US $ 13800/ha during 1st, 2nd and 3rd year, respectively could be expected. The cost:
benefit ratio may vary greatly depending upon variety, season, region and productivity ranging from
1:1 to 1:1.2 depending on fixed and variable factors of production and price situation in a particular
locality and season. This could be reason of strawberry cultivation gaining immense popularity.
As a result, several commercial growers have come forward to invest in high-tech production of
strawberries such as soilless culture, vertical gardening, protected cultivation etc. There is vast sci-
entific literature available on strawberry but scattered in the form of scientific research papers and
reports. There was a long felt need to compile the huge scientific information available on various
aspects of strawberries in most comprehensive style and a single volume like the present one “The
Strawberries: Production, Post-harvest Management and Protection” for the benefit of end users.
I am confident that the present book will fulfill the long cherished demand for a most up to date
and comprehensive scientific literature on strawberries. I wish that the book will be very useful to
all the stakeholders on strawberries. I complement the authors of different chapters and editors for
compiling vast scientific information on strawberries in such a user friendly manner.
Prof. Roderick Drew
Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
&
Ex-President,
International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS), Belgium
ix