State Practices and Zionist Images: Shaping Economic Development In Arab Towns In Israel

293 Pages·2006·4.421 MB·English

by  David A. Wesley

State Practices and Zionist Images

State Practices and Zionist Images
Shaping Economic Development in
Arab Towns in Israel
Q
David A. Wesley
BBeeBrrgegrhhgahahahhnnn B BBooooookkksss
NENWPErWoYv OiYdROenKRcKe• ••O OOXXxFFfoOOrdRRDD
First published in 2006 by
Berghahn Books
www.berghahnbooks.com

© 2006, 2009, 2013 David A. Wesley
First paperback edition published in 2009
Revised edition published in 2013
All rights reserved.
Except for the quotation of short passages
for the purposes of criticism and review, no part of this book
may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information
storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented,
without written permission of the publisher.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Wesley, David A.
State practices and Zionist images : shaping economic development in Arab towns
in Israel / David A. Wesley.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-84545-058-8 (hbk) -- 978-0-85745-906-0 (pbk)
1. Israel—Economic conditions—Case studies. 2. Palestinian Arabs—Israel—
Economic conditions—Case studies. 3. Israel—Ethnic relations—Case studies.
4. Bureaucracy—Israel—Case studies. 5. Power (Social sciences)—Israel—Case
studies. 6. Social integration—Israel—Case studies. 7. Social planning—Israel—
Case studies. I. Title.
HC415.25.W473 2006
338.9569400917'4927—dc22
2006040747
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from
the British Library.
Printed on acid-free paper
ISBN: 978-0-85745-906-0 Paperback eISBN: 978-0-85745-907-7 Retail Ebook
Contents
Q
List of Illustrations vi
List of Tables vii
Foreword by Emanuel Marx ix
Acknowledgments xii
Abbreviations xv
Introduction: An Ethnography of Macro-order Power Relations 1
1 The Lay of the Land (I): The Territorial Demon 17
2 The Lay of the Land (II): Urban Drive and the Arab Towns 41
3 The Zipporit Industrial Area 79
4 Land, Territory, and Jurisdiction: The Experience of Land Loss 107
5 The Image of Arab Traditionalism 134
6 The Appropriation of Arab Development Needs and Potential 151
7 Attempts to Break Through the Boundaries 168
Conclusion 189
Epilogue to the New Edition 198
Chronology of Events 216
Notes 227
Glossary: Locality and Related Terms 243
References 245
Legislation Cited 260
Subject Index 262
Selected Author Index 274
– v –
Illustrations
Q
Figures
1.1 Nazareth Area 18
1.2 Phoenicia and the Zipporit Industrial Area, Seen from the
Main Road in Kafar Kanna (2000) 19
1.3 Looking Southward across the Tur‘an Valley toward
Kafar Kanna, Meshhed, and Zipporit (2000) 21
1.4 Northern Israel Physical Map 22
1.5 Northern District Natural Regions 24
1.6 Regional Councils Northern District 33
2.1 National Priority Regions—Northern Israel 65
2.2 Industrial Areas in Northern Israel 67
3.1 ILA Industrial Area Proposal, 1974 80
3.2 Village Boundaries and Boundaries of Jurisdiction—Meshhed
and Kafar Kanna 86
3.3 Land Ownership in the Zipporit Industrial Area 92
3.4 Planning Stages—Kafar Kanna Industrial Area (G/7088) 94
3.5 Aerial Photo of Kafar Kanna Industrial Area during
Construction (1994) 96
4.1 Meshhed and the Residential High-Rises of Upper Nazareth
as Seen from Kafar Kanna (2000) 125
7.1 Biq‘at Bet Hakerem Area 170
– vi –
Tables
Q
1.1 Population in the Northern District (Excluding the Golan
Subdistrict) in 1995 by Area A/Area B and Population Group 25
1.2 Population in the Northern District (Excluding the Golan
Subdistrict) in 1995 by Area A/Area B, Natural Region, and
Population Group 26
1.3 Localities and Total Population in Localities in the Northern
District (Excluding the Golan Subdistrict) in 1995 by
Area A/Area B and Population Group 27
2.1 Local Authorities and Average Per Capita Income by
Socioeconomic Cluster 42
2.2 Government Development Budget Allocations to Arab
Local Authorities 52
2.3 Government Participation as a Percentage of Total Revenue
in Local Authority Budgets for Selected Years 53
2.4 Government General Grant Per Capita for Selected Years 54
2.5 Total and Selected Per Capita Expenditures in the Local Authority
Current Budget and Government Participation in 1995 (NIS) 56
2.6 Expenditure on Education Services in 1995 and Government
Participation per Child Aged 3 to 17 (in Local Authorities of
Population 2,000 and Above; NIS) 56
2.7 Per Capita Locally Generated Revenue in the Local Authority
Current Budget in 1995 (NIS) 57
2.8 Land Use in Nine Arab Cities and Forty-nine Jewish and
Mixed Cities 59
2.9 Industrial Area Development in the Arab Localities as of 1992 64
2.10 Employees’ Locality of Work and Locality of Residence by Type
of Locality (Size and Population Group) in 1995 70
– vii –
viii | Tables
2.11 Local Authorities in the Nazareth and Biq‘at Bet Hakerem Areas
by Population, Year of Settlement or Year Local Authority
Established, Year Connected to Electric Grid, Socioeconomic
Rank, and Employee Posts 74
6.1 Locality of Work for Those Who Live in Arab Towns in the
Vicinity of Upper Nazareth or Karmi’el; Locality of Residence
for Those Who Work in Upper Nazareth or Karmi’el (1995) 156
6.2 Socioeconomic Index for Towns in the Biq‘at Bet Hakerem
and Nazareth Areas for 1993–1994, 1995, and 1999 163
Foreword
Q
Max Weber took a deep and lasting interest in the workings of organizations
(Verbände). While he wrote long essays on the stock exchange, the calling of
politics, the industrial worker, and protestant sects, his favorite theme was the
administration of states. He studied the running of both historical states, such
as traditional China, and contemporary states, such as the Germany of his
time, in intimate detail. Analyses of government, power, and authority crop
up in all his works. Yet none of these profound and learned studies made an
impact equal to that of the relatively concise and highly abstract discussion of
the ideal-type of bureaucracy in his posthumous Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft
([1921] 1956). Although its limitations were obvious from the outset, these
ideas—as interpreted in a partial English translation (Weber 1947)—were
taken up with alacrity by students of organizational sociology and manage-
ment and have continued to dominate their thinking. What was wrong with
Weber’s ideal type? First, as Albrow (1970: 50) points out, the conception was
derived from German administrative ideals and not from observed bureau-
cratic practice. Second, it gave such salience to force as the root of all power,
that the endless variety of powers and their situational contingency were totally
obscured. Therefore, any student of an actual bureaucracy could easily refute
one aspect or another of the ideal-type of bureaucracy. For almost a century
now, scholars have criticized and amended it, but no one has ever come up
with an alternative general theory of bureaucracy.
At the same time, scholars of many countries have continued the other
Weberian tradition, the study of concrete bureaucratic systems. They have
given us a series of insightful and innovative works which, taken together,
amount to a complex theory of bureaucratic praxis. My personal favorites
are The Dynamics of Bureaucracy (Blau 1963), The Bureaucratic Phenomenon
(Crozier 1964), Manufacturing Consent (Burawoy 1979), and Engineering Cul-
ture (Kunda 1992). While each of these studies deals with a specific social
– ix –