bafter 23November2012;16:26:34 Start-Up Guide for the Technopreneur ffirs 23November2012;12:37:51 ffirs 23November2012;12:37:51 Start-Up Guide for the Technopreneur Financial Planning, Decision Making, and Negotiating from Incubation to Exit DAVID SHELTERS John Wiley & Sons Singapore Pte. Ltd. ffirs 23November2012;12:37:51 Copyrightª2013byJohnWiley&SonsSingaporePte.Ltd. PublishedbyJohnWiley&SonsSingaporePte.Ltd. 1FusionopolisWalk,#07-01,SolarisSouthTower,Singapore138628. Allrightsreserved. Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted inanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,scanning, orotherwise,exceptasexpresslypermittedbylaw,withouteitherthepriorwrittenper- missionofthePublisher,orauthorizationthroughpaymentoftheappropriatephotocopy feetotheCopyrightClearanceCenter.Requestsforpermissionshouldbeaddressedto thePublisher,JohnWiley&SonsSingaporePte.Ltd.,1FusionopolisWalk,#07-01, SolarisSouthTower,Singapore138628,tel:65–6643–8000,fax:65–6643–8008,e-mail: [email protected]. LimitofLiability/DisclaimerofWarranty:Whilethepublisherandauthorhaveusedtheir besteffortsinpreparingthisbook,theymakenorepresentationsorwarrantieswithrespect totheaccuracyorcompletenessofthecontentsofthisbookandspecificallydisclaimany impliedwarrantiesofmerchantabilityorfitnessforaparticularpurpose.Nowarranty maybecreatedorextendedbysalesrepresentativesorwrittensalesmaterials.Theadvice andstrategiescontainedhereinmaynotbesuitableforyoursituation.Youshould consultwithaprofessionalwhereappropriate.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorshall beliableforanydamagesarisingherefrom. OtherWileyEditorialOffices JohnWiley&Sons,111RiverStreet,Hoboken,NJ07030,USA JohnWiley&Sons,TheAtrium,SouthernGate,Chichester,WestSussex,P0198SQ, UnitedKingdom JohnWiley&Sons(Canada)Ltd.,5353DundasStreetWest,Suite400,Toronto,Ontario, M9B6HB,Canada JohnWiley&SonsAustraliaLtd.,42McDougallStreet,Milton,Queensland4064,Australia Wiley-VCH,Boschstrasse12,D-69469Weinheim,Germany LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData ISBN978-1-118-51847-2(Hardcover) ISBN978-1-118-51849-6(ePDF) ISBN978-1-118-51848-9(Mobi) ISBN978-1-118-51850-2(ePub) Typesetin10/12ptGaramond-LightbyMPSLimited,Chennai,India. PrintedinSingaporebyHoPrintingPte.Ltd. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ffirs 23November2012;12:37:51 To the world’s best parents: Dennis and Donna Shelters ffirs 23November2012;12:37:51 ffirs 23November2012;12:37:51 Contents Preface xiii Acknowledgments xvii CHAPTER 1 Finance for Start-Ups 101 1 Fundraising Stages 1 PrefundingPeriod 2 SeedFundingStage 3 SeriesAFundingStage 3 SeriesBFundingStage 5 Risk/Return 5 Types of Funding 7 PrivateEquity 7 DebtFunding 8 AlternativeTypesofFunding 9 PublicFunding 12 Incubator/AcceleratorPrograms 13 Capital Structure 13 Intellectual Property 17 Valuation 19 Asset-BasedValuationModels 20 ProForma(cid:2)BasedValuationModels 20 Comparable-BasedValuationModels 21 Strategic-BasedValuation 22 Exit Strategy 23 Summary 24 vii ftoc 22November2012;19:0:52 viii Contents CHAPTER 2 Know Your Investors 27 KYI #1: Their Primary Objective Is to Make Money 27 KYI #2: There Are Many Types of Investors, Each with Different Expectations and Capabilities 30 TypesofInvestors 30 InvestmentCriteria 35 KYI #3: Prospective Investors Are Looking for Success Traits 37 SkinintheGame 38 Innovation 39 DefinedTargetMarket 39 ValueProposition 40 CommercialViability 41 RiskMitigationFactors 42 BurnRates 43 StrengthofManagement 43 UseofFunds 44 Traction 45 KYI #4: Money Is Not Enough 47 KnowtheSpace 48 NonfinancialAdvantages 49 AlignmentofInterests 49 IssuesofControl 51 Summary 56 CHAPTER 3 Business Planning from a Strategic Financial Perspective 57 Value of a Business Plan 57 Composition of a Business Plan 59 ExecutiveSummary 60 DefinedProblemandSolution 61 Product/Service 63 ValueProposition 63 MarketingPlan 65 ManagementTeam 72 StrategicPartners 74 OperationalandExpansionPlan 76 CompanyObjectives 78 CurrentPositioningandTraction 80 RiskFactors 81 Financials 84 ExitStrategy 90 Business Plan Customization 91 ftoc 22November2012;19:0:52