Spore Research 1976. Volume 2

505 Pages·1977·11.174 MB·English

by  A.N. Barker (Eds.)

SPORE RESEARCH
1976
Volume II
edited by
A. N. BARKER
J. WOLF
Department of Agricultural Sciences, The University of Leeds,
England
D. J. ELLAR
Department of Biochemistry, The University of Cambridge,
England
G. J. DRING
G. W. GOULD
Unilever Research Laboratory, Colworth House, Sharnbrook,
Bedford, England
1977
Θ
ACADEMIC PRESS
LONDON · NEW YORK · SAN FRANCISCO
A Subsidiary of Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers
ACADEMIC PRESS INC. (LONDON) LTD.
24-28 Oval Road,
London NW1
United States Edition published by
ACADEMIC PRESS INC.
111 Fifth Avenue
New York, New York 10003
Copyright © 1977 by
ACADEMIC PRESS INC. (LONDON) LTD.
All Rights Reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by photostat,
microfilm, or any other means, without written permission from
the publishers
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 77-77364
ISBN: 0-12-078702-4
Printed in Great Britain by Galliard (Printers) Ltd, Great Yarmouth, Norfolk
CONTRIBUTORS
H. ABDOLRAHIMZADEH, Department of Organic Chemistry, The
University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 7RU, U.K.
T.K.S. AL-SAOUDI, Department of Biomédical Chemistry,
Mustansiviaha University, Baghdad, Iraq.
A. ANELLIS, Food Sciences Laboratory and Office of the
Technical Director, United States Army Natick Development
Centre, Natick, Massachusetts 01760, U.S.A.
J.N. ARONSON, Department of Chemistry, State University of New
York at Albany, Albany, New York 12222, U.S.A.
ELIZABETH BAILLIE, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial
Research Organization Division of Food Research, North Ryde,
New South Wales 2113, Australia.
A.N. BARKER, Department of Microbiology, Agricultural Sciences
Building, The University, Leeds, LS2 9JT, U.K.
L.B. BHAGWAN, College of the Pharmaceutical Society of Ireland,
Dublin 4, Eire.
P.K. BHATNAGAR, Department of Microbiology, University of
Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada.
H. BRANTNER, Department of Microbiology, Hygiene Institute,
University of Graz, Austria.
W.C. BROWN, Department of Biology, University of California,
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, U.S.A.
F.F. BUSTA, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University
of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, U.S.A.
0. CERF, Laboratoire de Biochimie Microbienne, Institut National
de la Recherche Agronomique, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
K.F. CHATER, John Innés Institute, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4
7UH, U.K.
D.J. CLARKE, Department of Botany and Microbiology, School of
Biological Sciences, University College of Wales,
Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, U.K.
D. COUPES, Department of Bacteriology and Virology, University
of Manchester, Manchester, Ml3 9PT, U.K.
v
Contributors
D.J. COX, Department of Microbiology, The University of Leeds,
Leeds, LS29 9JT, U.K.
R.L. CUHEL, Department of Biology, University of California,
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, U.S.A.
F.L. DAVIES, National Institute for Research in Dairying,
Shinfield, Reading, RG2 9AT, U.K.
I.W. DAWES, Microbiology Department, Edinburgh University,
College of Agriculture, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG,
U.K.
JUDITH DEANS, Department of Chemical Pathology, Guys Hospital
Medical School, London Bridge, London, SEI, U.K.
P.B. DEASY, College of the Pharmaceutical Society of Ireland,
Dublin 4, Eire.
J. DE JONG, Carl C. Conway Laboratories, Thomassen and Drijver-
Verblifa N.V., P.O. Box 103, Deventer, The Netherlands.
R.G. DOWNING, Microbiology Department, Edinburgh University,
College of Agriculture, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG,
U.K.
G.J. DRING, Unilever Research Laboratory, Colworth House,
Sharnbrook, Bedford, MK44 1LQ, U.K.
D.J. ELLAR, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge,
Cambridge, CB2 1QW, U.K.
S.-O. ENFORS, Department of Technical Microbiology, Chemical
Centre, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden.
G. FALCONE, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine,
University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy.
J. FARKAS, Central Food Research Institute, H-1022, Budapest,
Hungary.
V.ELIZABETH FARMER, Department of Bacteriology and Virology,
University of Manchester, Manchester, Ml3 9PT, U.K.
MARY P. FITZMAURICE, College of the Pharmaceutical Society of
Ireland, Dublin 4, Eire.
P. FORTNAGEL, Department of Biology, Ruhr-Universitat Bochum,
4630 Bochum, Germany.
E. FREESE, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, N.I.N.D.S., National
Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20014, U.S.A.
G.W. GOULD, Unilever Research Laboratory, Colworth House,
Sharnbrook, Bedford, MK44 1LQ, U.K.
VI
Contributors
N. GRECZ, Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Biology, Illinois
Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, U.S.A.
C. GREER, Department of Biology, University of California, San
Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, U.S.A.
R. GROSCURTH, Arbeitsgruppe Molekulare Genetic im Fachbereich
Biologie, J. W. Goethe-Universitat, Frankfurt/M., Germany.
H. HAAS, Unilever Research Laboratory, Vlaardingen, The
Netherlands.
PAULINE S. HANDLEY, Department of Bacteriology and Virology,
Medical School, University of Manchester, Ml3 9PL, U.K.
R.Z. HAWIRKO, Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba,
Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada.
P. HINE, Department of Bacteriology, Wellcome Research
Laboratory, Langley Court, Beckenham, Kent, BR3 3BS, U.K.
A.D. HITCHINS, Thomas Hunt Morgan School of Biological Sciences,
University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, U.S.A.
CAROL HOGARTH, Department of Biochemistry, University of
Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, U.K.
K.T. HOLLAND, Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine,
The University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, U.K.
E.J. HSU, Department of Biology, University of Missouri-Kansas
City, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, U.S.A.
E.MAUREEN S. HUTCHINSON, Department of Agriculture in Northern
Ireland and Queen's University of Belfast, Newforge Lane,
Belfast, BT9 5PX, U.K.
P.L. IPATA, Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of
Sciences, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy.
R.P.W.M. JACOBS, Unilever Research Duiven, P.O. Box 7, Zevenaar,
The Netherlands.
M. JAKOBSEN, Institute of Hygiene and Microbiology, Royal
Veterinary and Agricultural University, 1870 Copenhagen V,
Denmark.
T.W. KANG, Biophysics Laboratory, Biology Department, Illinois
Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60609, U.S.A.
JANE H. KINNAIRD, Microbiology Department, Edvnburgh University,
College of Agriculture, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG,
U.K.
W.J. KOOIMAN, Unilever Research Duiven, P.O. Box 7, Zevenaar,
The Netherlands.
vii
Contributors
EILEEN LAFFERTY, Genetics Department, Birmingham University,
Birmingham, U.K.
T. LATT, Food Sciences Laboratory and Office of the Technical
Director, United States Army Natick Development Centre,
Natick, Massachusetts 01760, U.S.A.
E.R. LEADBETTER, Department of Biology, Amhurst College,
Amhurst, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
R.P.W. LEE, Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba,
Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada.
H. L0, Biophysics Laboratory, Biology Department, Illinois
Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60609, U.S.A.
D.E. MINNIKIN, Department of Organic Chemistry, The University,
Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 7RU, U.K.
ANNE MOIR, Genetics Department, Birmingham University,
Birmingham, U. K.
G. MOLIN, Swedish Meat Research Centre, Kärlinge, Sweden.
N. MOLIN, Department of Technical Microbiology, Chemical Centre,
University of Lund, Lund, Sweden.
J.G. MORRIS, Department of Botany and Microbiology, School of
Biological Sciences, University College of Wales, Aberystwyth,
SY23 ZDA, U.K.
D.A.A. MOSSEL, Department of the Science of Food of Animal
Origin, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of
Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
U. MURA, Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences,
University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy.
W.G. MURRELL, Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Research
Organization, Division of Food Preservation, Ryde, New
South Wales, Australia.
JEAN A. OWERS, Department of Bacteriology and Virology,
University of Manchester, Manchester, Ml3 9PT, U.K.
I.J. PFLUG, Space Science Centre, University of Minnesota,
Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, U.S.A.
P.J. PIGGOT, National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill,
London, NW7 1AA, U.K.
W. PILNIK, The Agricultural University, Wageningen, The
Netherlands.
viii
Contributors
HENRIETTE M.C. PUT, Carl. C. Conway Laboratories, Thomassen and
Drijver-Verblifa N.V., P.O. Box 103, Deventer, The
Netherlands.
L.B. QUESNEL, Department of Bacteriology and Virology, University
of Manchester Manchester, M13 9PT, U.K.
Λ
K.S. RAJAN, Illinois Institute of Technology Research Institute,
Chicago, Illinois 60616, U.S.A.
H.-J. RHAESE, Arbeitsgruppe Molekulare Genetik im Frachbereich
Biologie, J. W. Goethe-Universitat, Frankfurt/M., Germany.
G.J. RIGBY, Department of Pharmacy, The University, Manchester,
Ml3 9PT, U.K.
H.J. ROGERS, National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill,
London, NW7 1AA, U.K.
GILLIAN ROPER, Department of Bacteriology, Wellcome Research
Laboratories, Langley Court, Beckenham, BR3 3BS, Kent, U.K.
E.W. ROSS Jr., Food Sciences Laboratory and Office of the
Technical Director, United States Army Natick Development
Centre, Natick, Massachusetts 01760, U.S.A.
D.B. ROWLEY, Food Sciences Laboratory and Office of the
Technical Director, United States Army Natick Development
Centre, Natick, Massachusetts 01760, U.S.A.
F.E.M.J. SAND, Central Microbiological Department, Naarden
International, P.O. Box 2, Naarden-Bussum, The Netherlands.
M.J. SANTOS da SILVA, Unilever Research Laboratory, VLaardingen,
The Netherlands.
S.U. SARATHCHANDRA, Department of Microbiology, Agricultural
Sciences Building, The University, Leeds, LS2 9JT, U.K.
SONIA SENESI, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine,
University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy.
P. SETLOW, Department of Biochemistry, University of
Connecticut Health Centre, Farmington, Connecticut 06032,
U.S.A.
FRANCESCO SGARRELLA, Laboratory of Biological Chemistry,
Faculty of Sciences, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy.
E. SHATTUCK, Food Sciences Laboratory and Office of the
Technical Director, United States Army Natick Development
Centre, Natick, Massachusetts 01760, U.S.A.
J.A. SHORT, Department of Bacteriology, Wellcome Research
Laboratories, Langley Court, Beckenham, BR3 3BS, Kent, U.K.
ix
Contributors
Α·Μ. SLEE, Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse,
New York 13210, U.S.A.
R.A. SLEPECKY, Department of Biology, Syracuse University,
Syracuse, New York 13210* U.S.A.
J.P.P.M· SMELT, Unilever Research Laboratory, Vlaardingen, The
Netherlands.
S. SONGPASERTCHAI, Office of Atomic Energy for Peace, Bangkok,
Thailand.
H. STEGEMAN, Association Euratonr-ITAL, P.O. Box 48, Wageningen,
The Netherlands.
E. STEINBUCH, Sprenger Institute, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
D.B. STEWART, Department of Agriculture in Northern Ireland and
Queen's University of Belfast, Newforge Lane, Belfast, BT9
5PX, U.K.
D.A. SMITH, Genetics Department, Birmingham University,
Birmingham, U. K.
GERALDINE M. SMITH, Space Science Centre, University of
Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, U.S.A.
K.I. SYKES, Department of Botany, University of Liverpool,
Liverpool, U.K.
S.Y. TAYLOR, National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill,
London, NW7 1AA, U.K.
J. TILLINGHAST, Department of Chemistry, State University of
New York at Albany, Albany, New York 12222, U.S.A.
P«D. WALKER, Department of Bacteriology, Wellcome Research
Laboratories, Langley Court, Beckenham, BR3 3BS, Kent, U.K.
W. WENZL, Department of Microbiology, Hygiene Institute,
University of Graz, Austria.
GILLIAN WILKINSON, National Institute for Research in Dairying,
Shin field, Reading, RG2 9AT, U.K.
F. WILLIAMSON, Department of Biochemistry, Marischal College,
University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB9 IAS, U.K.
J. WOLF, Department of Microbiology, Agricultural Sciences
Building, The University, Leeds, LS2 9JT, U.K.
x
CONTENTS OF VOLUME I
CONFERENCE ADDRESS
Metabolic Control of Sporulation
Ernst Freese 1
COGNATE DISCIPLINES
Peptidoglycans (Muçopeptides), Structure, Form and
Function
Howard J. Rogers 33
Biological Significance of Chelation
F. Williamson 55
GENETICS AND CONTROL
Keynote Address: Spore Germination in Bacillus
subtilis
D. A. Smith > Anne Moir and Eileen Lafferty 69
Further Studies on Conditional Germination Mutants of
Bacillus subtilis 168
Eileen Lafferty and Anne Moir 87
Characterization of Bacillus subtilis Mutants Altered
in the Control of Sporulation Alkaline Phosphatases
P. J. Piggot and S. Y. Taylor 107
The Regulation of Sporulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae:
Genetic and Biochemical Studies on the Role of Nitrogen
Repression
Jane H Kinnaird and I. W. Dawes 121
m
Induction of Prophage During Germination and Sporulation
in Streptomyces coelicolor
K. F. Chater and K. I. Sykes 131
SPORULATION AND SPORE PROPERTIES
The Estimation of Lecithinase C (a Toxin) in Cultures
of Clostridium welchii
G. J. Rigby and T. K. S. Al-Saoudi 143
Nutrition and Toxin Production by Clostridium
bifermentans in Relation to Sporulation
Ό. J. Cox and K. T. Holland 159
The Formation in Media Affording Different Growth Rates
of Spores of Bacillus megaterium Containing Varying
Amounts of Deoxyribonucleic Acid
A. M. Slee and R. A. Slepecky 183
XIV
Contents
Initiation of Sporulation and the Role of Highly
Phosphorylated Nucleotides
H.-J. Rhaese and R. Groscurth 195
Affinity Chromatographie Analysis of Ribosomal Changes
During Sporulation of Bacillus subtilis
P. Fortnagel 207
Synchronous Elongation of Clostridium thermosaccharolyticum
and its Relation to Stage I of Sporulation
E. J. Hsu 223
Calcium Accumulation and Membrane Morphogenesis in
Forespore and Mother-Cell Compartments During
Sporulation of Bacillus megaterium
Carol Hogarth, Judith A. Deans and D. J* Ellar 243
Envelope Proteins of Aerobic Sporeformers
A. D. Hitchins 265
The Ultrastructure of Clostridium perfringens spores
Gillian Roper, J. A. Short and P. D. Walker 279
Immunocytochemical Localization of Bacillus cereus
Exosporial and Spore Coat Antigens in Ultrathin
Sections
J. A. Short, P. Hine and P. D. Walker 297
Adenosine Phosphorylase from Vegetative Forms and Free
Spores of Bacillus subtilis: Properties and Possible
Physiological Role
Sonia Senesi, G. Falcone, U. Mura, Francesco Sgarrella 312
and P. L. Ipata
Isolation and Properties of a Surface-Bound Cortex-Lytic
Enzyme from Spores of Bacillus cereus T
W. C. Brown, R. L. Cuhel and C. Greer 335
A Chemical Study of the Parasporal Crystal of Bacillus
thuringiensis
J. N. Aronson and J. Tillinghast 351
Butyricin Resistance and the Membrane ATPase of Sporulating
Clostridium pasteurianum
D. J. Clarke and J. G. Morris 359
Isolation and Characterization of Nucleoids of Bacillus
subtilis During Growth and Sporulation
L. Hirschbein, N. Guillen and P. Le Hegarat 373
xv