Sources of chinese tradition

657 Pages·2000·1.983 MB·English

by  Chan, Wing-tsit;Lufrano, Richard John;Bloom, Irene;De Bary, William Theodore

Sources of Chinese Tradition
second edition
volume ii
Introduction to Asian Civilizations
Introduction to Asian Civilizations
Wm. Theodore de Bary, General Editor
SourcesofJapaneseTradition
(1958)
SourcesofChineseTradition
(1960,rev.1999)
SourcesofIndianTradition
(1958,rev.1988)
SourcesofKoreanTradition
(1997)
Sources of Chinese Tradition
second edition
volume ii
From 1600 Through the Twentieth Century
Compiled by Wm. Theodore de Bary and Richard Lufrano
with the collaboration of
Wing-tsitChan,JuliaChing,DavidJohnson,
Kwang-chingLiu,DavidMungello,ChesterTan
andcontributionsby
JohnBerthrong,WoeiLienChong,JohnEwell,JoanJudge,PhilipKuhn,
JohnLagerwey,CatherineLynch,VictorMair,SusanMann,IanMcMorran,
DonPrice,DouglasReynolds,WilliamRowe,LynnStruve,BurtonWatson,
TuWeiming,Pierre-EtienneWill,JohnD.Young,andPeterZarrow
columbiauniversitypress
newyork
ColumbiaUniversityPress
PublishersSince1893
NewYorkChichester,WestSussex
Copyright(cid:1)2000ColumbiaUniversityPress
Allrightsreserved
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
deBary,WilliamTheodore,1919–
SourcesofChinesetradition,vol.2/compiledbyWm.TheodoredeBaryand
RichardLufrano;withthecollaborationofWing-tsitChan...[etal.].—2ded.
p. cm.—(IntroductiontoAsiancivilizations)
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN0–231–10938–5(vol.1cloth)—ISBN0–231–10939–3(vol.1paper)
ISBN0–231–11270–X(vol.2cloth)—ISBN0–231–11271–8(vol.2paper)
1.China—Civilization—Sources. I. Lufrano,Richard. II. Chan,Wing-tsit,
1901–1994. III. Title. IV. Series.
DS721.D37 1999
951—dc21 98–21762
A
CaseboundeditionsofColumbiaUniversityPressbooksareprintedonpermanentand
durableacid-freepaper.
PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica
c 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
p 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Listofpermissions
“Azure(SkyBlue).”ChineseSociologyandAnthropology(Winter1991–92).Reprintedbyper-
missionfromM.E.Sharpe,Inc.,Armonk,NY10504.
Benton, Gregor, and Alan Hunter, eds. Wild Lily, Prairie Fire, China‘s Road to Democracy.
Copyright(cid:1)1995byPrincetonUniversityPress.ReprintedbypermissionofPrincetonUniversity
Press.
BringingDowntheGreatWallbyFangLizhi.Copyright(cid:1)1991byFangLizhi.Reprintedby
permissionofAlfredA.KnopfInc.
“BuildingSocialistSpiritualCivilization.”BeijingReview,no.10(March9,1981):16–17.
Chan,Anita,StanleyRosen,andJonathanUnger,eds.OnSocialistDemocracyandtheChinese
LegalSystem.ReprintedbypermissionfromM.E.Sharpe,Inc.,Armonk,NY10504.
Chang,Carsun.TheDevelopmentofNeo-Confucianism.NY:Bookman,1962.
“TheChineseDebateontheNewAuthoritarianism.”ChineseSociologyandAnthropology(Win-
ter1990–91andSpring1991).ReprintedbypermissionfromM.E.Sharpe,Inc.,Armonk,NY
10504.
Compton,Boyd.Mao‘sChina:PartyReformDocuments.Copyright(cid:1)1952,UniversityofWash-
ingtonPress.Reprintedwithpermissionofpublisher.
“CommuniqueoftheThirdPartyPlenarySessionofthe11thCentralCommitteeoftheCom-
munistPartyofChina.”BeijingReview,no.52(December29,1978):6–16.
(Permissionscontinuedonp.629)
ThisvolumeisdedicatedtoIreneBloominappreciationofher
outstandingcontributionstothestudyandteachingofChinesethought
andtothedevelopmentofAsianStudies.

contents
Explanatory Note xvii
part five
The Maturation of Chinese Civilization and New Challengesto
Chinese Tradition 1
25. The Chinese Tradition in Retrospect 3
HuangZongxi’sCritiqueoftheChineseDynasticSystem 4
WaitingfortheDawn:APlanforthePrince 6
Lu¨ Liuliang’sRadicalOrthodoxy 18
CommentariesontheFourBooks 19
LateConfucianScholarship:WangFuzhi(IanMacMorran) 26
CosmologicalFoundations 28
Wang’s“Revision”ofOrthodoxNeo-Confucianism 29
HistoricalTrends 30
TheJustificationofSocialandCulturalDivisions 32
ThePreservationofChinesePoliticalandCulturalIntegrity 34
GuYanwu,BeaconofQingScholarship 35
viii contents
TrueLearning:BroadKnowledgeandaSenseofShame 36
PrefacetoRecordoftheSearchforAntiquities 38
OntheConcentrationofAuthorityatCourt 38
OnBureaucraticLocalAdministration,ca.1660(WilliamRowe) 39
TheHanLearningandTextCriticism 41
DaiZhenandZhangXuecheng(LynnStruve) 44
DaiZhen’sText-CriticalMoralPhilosophy(L.Struve) 44
LettertoShiZhongmingConcerningScholarship(L.Struve) 46
LetterinReplytoAdvancedScholarPengYunchu(JohnEwell) 48
ZhangXuecheng’sPhilosophyofHistory(L.Struve) 52
“VirtueintheHistorian” 53
“VirtueintheWriter” 55
Women’sLearning(SusanMann) 57
CuiShuandtheCriticalSpirit 60
ForewordtotheEssentialsoftheRecordofBeliefsInvestigated 61
HanLearningandWesternLearning 63
TheQingVersionofNeo-ConfucianOrthodoxy 66
VillageLecturesandtheSacredEdict 70
TheSacredEdict 71
26. Popular Values and Beliefs 73
david johnson
EnsemblePerformance 74
Ritual 75
AProcessionontheBirthdayoftheSanzongGod 76
TheGreatSaiRitualofZhangziCounty,Shanxi 79
TheRefiningFireRitualofShenzeVillage,Zhejiang 81
TheAttackonHell,aPopularFuneralRitual(JohnLagerwey) 86
Opera 92
MulianRescuesHisMother 95
GuoJuBuriesHisSon 105
SoloPerformance 118
Verse 118
“WomanHuangExplicatestheDiamondSu¯tra” 118
“SongofGuoMountain” 122
Prose 124
SacredEdictLecturing 125
Contents ix
Chantefable 126
ThePreciousScroll[Baojuan]ontheLordoftheStove 126
WrittenTexts 133
Scriptures 134
TheTrueScriptureoftheGreatEmperor 135
Tracts 138
SelectionsfromTheTwenty-fourExemplarsofFilialPiety 138
27. Chinese Responses to Early Christian Contacts 142
david mungello
LiZhizao:PrefacetoTheTrueMeaningoftheLordofHeaven 144
XuGuangqi:AMemorialinDefenseofthe[Western]Teaching 147
YangGuangxian’sCritiqueofChristianity 150
YangGuangxian:ICannotDoOtherwise(Budeyi)(JohnD.Young) 150
ZhangXingyaoandtheInculturationofChristianity 152
AnExaminationoftheSimilaritiesandDifferencesBetweentheLordofHeaven
Teaching[Christianity]andtheTeachingoftheConfucianScholars 153
28. Chinese Statecraft and the Opening of China to the West 155
ChenHongmouandMid-QingStatecraft(WilliamRowe) 156
OnSubstantiveLearning 157
OnUniversalEducation 160
OnWomen’sEducation 161
OntheDutiesofanOfficial 162
OnGovernancebyLocalElites 167
StatecraftintheGrainTradeandGovernment-ControlledBrokerages
(Pierre-EtienneWill) 168
AMemorialonGrainPrices,theGrainTrade,andGovernment-Controlled
Brokerages 169
HongLiangji:OnImperialMalfeasanceandChina’sPopulationProblem
(K.C.Liu) 172
LettertoPrinceChengEarnestlyDiscussingthePoliticalAffairsoftheTime,1799 172
China’sPopulationProblem 174
TheDeteriorationofLocalGovernment 176
TheRootsofRebellion 178
GongZizhen’sReformistVision(K.C.Liu) 179
OntheLackofMoralFiberAmongScholar-Officials 180