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SONOGRAPHY Edited by Kerry Thoirs Sonography Edited by Kerry Thoirs Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright © 2011 InTech All chapters are Open Access distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. As for readers, this license allows users to download, copy and build upon published chapters even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. Notice Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published chapters. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book. Publishing Process Manager Romana Vukelic Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic Cover Designer InTech Design Team First published January, 2012 Printed in Croatia A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from [email protected] Sonography, Edited by Kerry Thoirs p. cm. ISBN 978-953-307-947-9 Contents Preface IX Part 1 Current Applications of Sonography 1 Chapter 1 Sonography of the Scrotum 3 Chee-Wai Mak and Wen-Sheng Tzeng Chapter 2 Clinical Perspectives of Scrotal Ultrasound in Urology 29 Shou-Hung Tang, Tai-Lung Cha and Guang-Huan Sun Chapter 3 Prostate 45 Ragab Hani Donkol and Ahmad Al Nammi Chapter 4 Advances in Breast Ultrasound 73 Heino Hille Chapter 5 The Accuracy of Ultrasound in the Pre-Operative Localisation of Parathyroid Lesions in Primary Hyperparathyroidism: A Review of the Literature 93 S. Alford, W. Barber, G. Cheung and K. Thoirs Chapter 6 Lung Sonography 111 Rahul Khosla Chapter 7 The Use of Ultrasonography in Conservative Management of Cervical Pregnancy 131 Bing Xu, Jo Kitawaki, Yuying Duan and Jilian Ding Chapter 8 Clinical Utility of Ultrasonographic Detection of Pleural Effusion for Evaluation of Heart Failure Patients 141 H. Kataoka Chapter 9 Ultrasound Guided Vascular Access 159 Hamid Shokoohi, Ali Pourmand and Keith Boniface VI Contents Chapter 10 Rheumatoid Arthritis Assessment with Ultrasonography 173 Thierry Marhadour and Alain Saraux Chapter 11 Sonogram of Biliary Dilatation in Children 187 Hung-Chang Lee, Chuen-Bin Jiang, Wai-Tao Chan and Chun-Yan Yeung Part 2 New and Advanced Applications in Sonography 201 Chapter 12 Application of Orbital Sonography in Neurology 203 Michael Ertl, Maria-Andreea Gamulescu and Felix Schlachetzki Chapter 13 The Role of TCCS in the Assessment of the Main Anatomical Patterns of the M1 Segment of the Middle Cerebral Artery 217 Fabrice Vuillier, Laurent Tatu, Paola Montiel, Françoise Cattin and Thierry Moulin Chapter 14 Transcranial Doppler Sonography in Studies of Mental Effort 227 David A. Washburn, Natasha B. Schultz and Holly A. Phillips Chapter 15 Future Uses of Three/Four Dimensional Power Doppler Signal in Fetal Medicine 249 Juan Carlos Bello-Munoz, Mauricio Ayala, Elena Carreras, Paula Oliveros, Nazareth Campo, Alexandra Casasbuenas, Silvia Arévalo and Lluis Cabero Chapter 16 Thyroid Sonography in 3D with Emphasis on Perfusion 273 Roy Moncayo and Helga Moncayo Chapter 17 Dynamic Tissue Perfusion Measurement – Basics and Applications 293 Thomas Scholbach Chapter 18 Fetal Yawning 325 Olivier Walusinski Chapter 19 Professional Learning in Sonography 333 Madeleine Shanahan Preface Medical sonography is a medical imaging modality used across many medical disciplines because of its relative low cost and easy accessibility, with its use constantly growing. Currently, there are many high quality ultrasound imaging systems available that are easily transportable, making it a diagnostic tool amenable to bedside and office scanning. This book includes sonography applications usable across a number of medical disciplines including radiology, thoracic medicine, urology, rheumatology, obstetrics and fetal medicine and neurology. The book is divided into two sections. The first section is comprised of author contributions that revisit established applications in medical sonography such as biliary, testicular and breast sonography, and sonography in early pregnancy. The second section outlines some interesting applications of sonography that are still in their early stages, such as fetal yawning as an indicator of safe neurological development, and transcranial sonography used to assess the intracranial arteries and also to investigate mental effort and cognitive competence. A number of chapters look at applications and techniques used to assess tissue perfusion, and three- and four- dimensional sonography are also featured. Considering the rapid advances in technology and sonography applications, it is important that the users regularly update their professional knowledge. The final chapter looks at preferred ways for achieving this for health professionals using sonography. Dr. Kerry Thoirs School of Health Sciences University of South Australia Australia
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