Soliloquy in Japanese and English

244 Pages·2010·2.498 MB·English

by  Yoko Hasegawa

Soliloquy in Japanese and English
Pragmatics & Beyond New Series (P&BNS)
Pragmatics & Beyond New Series is a continuation of Pragmatics & Beyond and
its Companion Series. The New Series offers a selection of high quality work
covering the full richness of Pragmatics as an interdisciplinary field, within
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Editor Associate Editor
Anita Fetzer Andreas H. Jucker
University of Würzburg University of Zurich
Founding Editors
Jacob L. Mey Herman Parret Jef Verschueren
University of Southern Belgian National Science Belgian National Science
Denmark Foundation, Universities of Foundation,
Louvain and Antwerp University of Antwerp
Editorial Board
Robyn Carston Sachiko Ide Deborah Schiffrin
University College London Japan Women’s University Georgetown University
Thorstein Fretheim Kuniyoshi Kataoka Paul Osamu Takahara
University of Trondheim Aichi University Kobe City University of
Miriam A. Locher Foreign Studies
John C. Heritage
University of California at Los Universität Basel Sandra A. Thompson

Angeles Sophia S.A. Marmaridou University of California at
University of Athens Santa Barbara
Susan C. Herring
Indiana University Srikant Sarangi Teun A. van Dijk
Cardiff University Universitat Pompeu Fabra,
Masako K. Hiraga
Barcelona
St. Paul’s (Rikkyo) University Marina Sbisà
University of Trieste Yunxia Zhu
The University of Queensland
Volume 202
Soliloquy in Japanese and English
by Yoko Hasegawa
Soliloquy in Japanese and English
Yoko Hasegawa
University of California, Berkeley

John Benjamins Publishing Company
Amsterdam / Philadelphia
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Hasegawa, Yoko.
  Soliloquy in Japanese and English / Yoko Hasegawa.
p. cm. (Pragmatics & Beyond New Series, issn 0922-842X ; v. 202)

Includes bibliographical references and index.
1.  Discourse analysis. 2.  Corpora (Linguistics) 3.  Japanese language--Discourse analysis.
4.  English language--Discourse analysis.  I. Title.
P302.H38 2010
495.6’0141--dc22 2010034265
isbn 978 90 272 5606 5 (Hb ; alk. paper)
isbn 978 90 272 8753 3 (Eb)
© 2010 – John Benjamins B.V.
No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by print, photoprint, microfilm, or any
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Table of contents
Preface
 ix
chapter1
Introduction 1
1.1 Soliloquyforlinguisticinvestigation 1
1.2 Privatespeech 4
 1.2.1 Egocentricspeech 5
 1.2.2 Categoriesofprivatespeech 9
 1.2.3 Cribspeech 10
 1.2.4 Self-talk 11
1.3 Utilityofsoliloquyinlinguisticsresearch 13
 1.3.1 Kuroda(1979/1992) 13
 1.3.2 Moriyama(1989) 13
 1.3.3 Nitta(1991) 15
 1.3.4 Hirose(1995),HasegawaandHirose(2005) 17
 1.3.5 Tokui(1995) 20
 1.3.6 Washi(1997) 23
 1.3.7 Moriyama(1997) 24
 1.3.8 Shinzato(2004) 25
 1.3.9 Noda(2006) 27
1.4 Theexperiment 29

 1.4.1 Thedata 29
 1.4.2 Soliloquytypes 34
1.5 Summary 38
chapter2
Sentence-final particles 41
2.1 Introduction 41
2.2Previousstudiesonneandyo  42
2.3 Thedata 46
 2.3.1 Utteranceswithoutasentence-finalparticle 47
 2.3.2 Frequenciesandexamplesofsentence-finalparticles 49
vi SoliloquyinJapaneseandEnglish
2.4Dataanalysis 55
 2.4.1 Ne 55
 2.4.2 Yo 61
2.5 Acquisitionofne  65
2.6Thediscrepancyinfrequencybetweenneandyo  68
2.7Summary 70
chapter3
Deixis and anaphora 73
3.1 Ko-so-a:TheJapanesedemonstratives 73
 3.1.1 Deixis,anaphora,anddemonstratives 73
 3.1.2 Deicticuseofdemonstratives 74
 3.1.3 Anaphoricuseofdemonstratives 76
3.2 Ko-so-ainthesoliloquydata 80
 3.2.1 Non-deictic,non-anaphoricusesofko-so-a  80
 3.2.2 Ko-series 81
 3.2.3 So-series 83
 3.2.4 A-series 87
3.3 Thenotionsofdeixisandanaphorareconsidered 93
3.4Thirdpersonpronouns 97
3.5 Summary 102
chapter4
Gendered speech in soliloquy 105
4.1 Introduction 105
4.2MorphosyntaxofJapanesegenderedlanguage 110
4.3OriginsanddevelopmentofgenderedlanguageinJapanese 112
4.4Thedata 115
 4.4.1 Femalesolilo quies 115
 4.4.2 Malesoliloquies 122
4.5Indexicalityandlinguisticideology 125
4.6Discussion 128
 4.6.1 Firstpersonpronouns 129
 4.6.2 Asymmetryingenderedlanguage 132
4.7Summary 137
chapter5
Soliloquy and linguistic politeness 139
5.1 Introduction 139
5.2 TheJapanesehonorificsystem 140
 Tableofcontents vii
5.3 Someremarksonhonorifics 142
 5.3.1 Honorificsasanindicationofrefinement 142
 5.3.2 Honorificsasanindicationofdistance 142
 5.3.3 Honorificsasanindicationofasocialrole 143
 5.3.4 Strategiesforintimateexaltation 145
5.4Speechstyleshift 148
5.5 Morphosyntacticcharacteristicsofsoliloquy 159
5.6Soliloquyasanindexofintimateexaltation 161
5.7 Summary 162
chapter6
The indefinite you in English soliloquy 165
6.1 Introduction 165
6.2Majorcharacteristicsofindefiniteyou  166
 6.2.1 Whitley(1978) 166
 6.2.2 Bolinger(1979) 168
 6.2.3 KitagawaandLehrer(1990) 171
 6.2.4 Wales(1996) 174
 6.2.5 Hyman(2004) 175
6.3Thedata 176
6.4TheanalysisofEnglishsoliloquy 178
 6.4.1 Deicticyou 178
 6.4.2 Indefiniteyou  180
6.5Soliloquyandinnerspeech 182
 6.5.1 Innerspeechvs.mentalese 182
 6.5.2 Thedialogicnatureofinnerspeech 185
 6.5.3 Publicnessinsoliloquy 188
6.6Summary 192

chapter7
Considerations and conclusions 195
References 213
Appendix: Abbreviations  223
Subject index 225
Author index 229

Preface
Mythankstothe24Japaneseand10Englishparticipantswhovolunteered
assubjectsforthedata-gatheringrelatedtothisproject.Withouttheirassis-
tance,thisbookcouldnothavematerialized.Throughoutthisresearch,Ihave
becomeincreasinglyfascinatedbyhearingotherpersons’soliloquies.Indeed,
whenItranscribedmysubjects’soliloquies,Ifeltveryclosetothem–akind
offeelingIhadneverpreviouslyexperienced.Thisisoneofthepowersof
soliloquy.Revealingone’sthoughtswithoutinterpersonallinguisticdevicesisa
manifestationoftrust.Iappreciatemysubjects’trustandtheirforthrightwords,
includingcriticismofmyexperimentandofmyofficepossessions,aswellasof
theirpersonalproblems.
Myinterestinsoliloquywasoriginallytriggeredbytheworksofthelate
ProfessorShige-YukiKuroda.Hecautionedthatmanyproposedcharacteristicsof
linguisticexpressionscouldbederivedfromcommunicativesettingsthemselves,
andwerenotnecessarilypropertiesofsuchexpressions.Irememberinparticular
hisclaimthatiftheselectionofwa andga (Japaneseparticlestomarkthetopic
andthegrammaticalsubject,respectively)isdeterminedsolelybytheconsider-
ationofcommunication(e.g.,whethertheentityisgivenornew,identifiableor
nottotheaddressee),theirbehaviorsinsoliloquyanddialoguemustbequite
different.Iwantedtocitethisstatementinthisbook,butIwasunabletofindthe
source.WhenIaskedProf.Kurodain2008inwhichofhisworksitappeared,he
respondedthathewasn otsureitwashis.Well,I’msureitwas.Nooneelsecould
makesuchaninsightfulcomment.
Ialsowouldliketoexpressmyappreciationtothefollowingindividualsfor
theirvaluablecommentsandsuggestions:IsjaConen,AnitaFetzer,YukioHirose,
AshlynMoehle,RussellLee-Goldman,WesleyY.Leonard,EveSweetser,Yukinori
Takubo,HelenRippierWheeler,andtwoanonymousreferees.