Solicitors' Journal 1992: Vol 136 Index

65 Pages·1992·23.6 MB·English

QLICITORS
journal
GENERAL INDEX
VOLUME 136 e1992
THE CORRECT CITATION FOR THIS VOLUME IS (1992) 136 SJ
AA Abbreviations Act of Parliament Aldridge, Trevor, QC
(A) Articles ministerial statement in support of, (To) in person, (A) 560
255 standard Conditions of Sale (2nd edition),
(C) Comment
(R) 1059
(H) Hearsay Adams Residential Property
(L) Letters Index (ARP) Alexander of Weedon, Lord,
Statistics on residential conveyancing, (A) ac
(M) Miscellaneous 707 in person, (A) 1040
(MP) Moot Point
(T) Technology in Practice Administrative receiver Alternative dispute resolu-
buying property from, (A) 1007 tion
(To) Topics Australia, (A) 334-335
(U) Update Adoption government asked to support, (To) 24
recent appeals, (U) 35-37
AIDS step-parent, (A) 894-895 Amlot, Roy, QC
HIV compensation, (To) 203 in person, 152
living will, (To) 880 Advocate Amusement centres and
disability, management of, (A) 88-89 92
Abbey National fashions in advocacy, (A) 1090 arcades
conveyancing files, inspection of, (To) training, (To) 931 licensing(,A ) 262 269
763 Anderson, Mark
Agreement to negotiate
Abdela, Lesley validity, (To) 100-101 Convention on Biological Diversity, (A)
women in judiciary, (L) 1210 1030
Agriculture
Anorexia
Abduction farm shop workers, (A) 728-729
medical treatment, (A) 778-779
understanding, (L) 818 milk quota, (A) 824-825
new grouping for, (A) 996 Antingham, Mark
Abell, Mark
saving Yorkshire pudding, (A) 670-671
international franchise agreements, (A) Aitken, Professor Cairns
144-146 disability, management of, (A) 88-89 92 Anton Piller order
saving Yorkshire pudding, (A) 670-671 Universal Thermosensors Ltd v Hibben,
Akester, Kate consequences of, (A) 218-219 1078-
Accounts Doody and others, (A) 511 1079
solicitors, of, (A) 385 387 1258-1259
Aldous, Grahame Appeals
Act of God sheltered homes, safe incomes and secure adoption, (U) 35-37
insuring against, (A) 698 advice, (A) 193-194 rape case costs, (To) 304
Appleton, Marilyn Bailment Bignell, Chris
conciliation and solicitors, (A) 966 obligation to insure, (A) 244-246 Exeter reunion, (L) 624
Arbitration Bank of England Bingham, MR
Chartered Institute of Arbitrators, solicitor London Rules, (A) 216-217 top lawyers’ views on appointment as
becoming Fellow of, (A) 885 898 MR, (A) 820
Banking
choice of arbitrator, (A) 1175 automated telling machines, (To) 400- Biological diversity
extension of, (To) 765 401 Convention, (A) 1030
law, procedure and practice, (A) 918-919 debts, recovery of, (A) 531
938-939 970-971 independence of ombudsman, (L) 607 Birmingham
lawyers, role of, (MP) 184-185 ombudsman, (A)(To) 1236 1242 commercial list, (A)(L)(To) 102 128
medical negligence, for, (A) 336 341 security laws, harmonisation of, (To) 304 352
family proceedings court, (A)(L) 358-359
Armstrong, Steve Bankruptcy 742
tax compliance, (A) 649-650 increase in case load, (To) 788
Black, Charlotte
litigation consequences of, (A) 920-921
Arnold, Jeremy benefits of Taurus, (A) 1031
936 940
Finance Act and offshore trusts, (A) 213-
Blom-Cooper, Sir Louis, QC
214 Banks, Roderick l'Anson
privacy law, (To) 1207
partnership, (A) 272-273
Arrest
Books
early morning, (To) 640 Bar Council
courses and, Supplements 15/5/1992;
referral scheme, (A) 802 884 equal opportunities officer, appointment
30/10/1992
of, (To) 480
Artists reviews. See Reviews
fixed fees proposal, rejection of, (To) 51
droit de suite, introduction of, (A) 496
information technology changes, (T) 948 Boulter, Bryan
Ashfield, Evan M maternity leave guidelines, (To) 691 protection of police observation posts, (A)
unfair dismissal, (L) 607 912 917
Barbican Exhibition
Ashman, Peter catering, (A) 527 Boxer, Clive
in person, (A) 476 Neil Cameron looks back at, (A) 754 indemnity insurance, (A) 681-682
preview, (A) 522-525 surveyor, employment of, (A) 962-963
Asplin, Paul review 1992, (A) 608
credit car hire, (L) 510 Bradbeer, Sir Derek
Barkworth, Helena College of Law, (L) 742
Assault actual knowledge and warranty claims,
consent in case of, (A) 546-547 (A) 1034 Bragg, Richard J
pupil, by, protection of teacher from, (To) post-traumatic stress disorder, (A) 674
815 Barlow Clowes pre-discovery inspection, (A) 836-837
DTI action over, (To) 127 847
Assistant recorder provisional damages, (A) 654-655
appointment of, (A) 264 321 Barnard, Catherine
Maastricht, (A) 162 Braiitingham, Leslie
Association of Chief Police expert dispute determination, (L) 567
Barnsley Law Society
Officers fixed fees campaign, (To) 99 Breathalyser
code of ethics, (To) 815 cases, (U) 86
Barr, David
Association of Pension high achievers of profession, (A) 1124 Brent Community Law
Lawyers Centre
Barr, ODG
pension funds, reform of, (To) 75 restrictions on, (To) 375-376 716
retirement, (A) 418
Audience, rights of Brian, Michael
Barr, Richard
blow to Bar’s campaign, (To) 984-985 recorder stipes, (A) 464
Christmas baubles, (A) 1240
freelance solicitor-advocates, (To) 639 road Traffic Act 1991, (U) 239-240
dressing to win, (A) 198
lord Chancellor’s Advisory Committee,
invoking Dunkerque spirit, (A) 1152 Brief
objections of, (To) 452
irritating clients, (A) 850 returned, (C)(To) 23 27
solicitors, (C)(To) 351 355
lawyers Planning Services, (A) 612
Bright, Christopher
Audit obstructive behaviour, (A) 781
distribution systems and motor industry,
PAYE audit inspection, (A) 82 office stationery, (A) 442
(A) 630-632
trial-free Easter, (A) 370
Australia internationalisation of anti-trust, (A) 990-
alternative dispute resolution, (A) 334- Barristers 991
335 new QCs, (To) 376
Bristol
Authorised conveyancers Bartlett, Andrea commercial court, (A)(L) 354 384
postponement of introduction of scheme, in person, (A) 48
British Academy of Experts
(C\(To) 255 259 Barton, Chris election of Lord Slynn and Anthony
regulations on, (To) 179 part-time law courses, (A) 463 Scrivener, (To) 1017
uncertainty over introduction of regula-
tions, (To) 52 Battersby, Celia Broadbent, Graeme
lex Europa, (A) 1243 football(,A ) 1088-1089 1092
Automobile Association
duty solicitor scheme, (To) 3 23 Bennett, John Broadcasting
transfer of undertakings regulations, CGT pan-European cable and satellite, (A)
Bailey, Tom and, (A) 746-748 458-460
mortgagors and debt trap, (A) 130-131
Bennion, Francis Brown, Damian
Bailiffs inserting words into legislation, (L) 818 gainful employment, (A) 1136-1137
control over, (To) 765 law Commission, (L) 624 protecting whistle blowers, (A) 994-995
Browne, Stephen Channel Four Graham Hoar, (A) 928
sole practitioners, (L) 818 miscarriages of justice, investigation of, Jane Hern, (A) 500
(To) 856 Joe Cerrell, (A) 712
Bruce, Simon
John Fraser MP, (A) 120
clean break, (A) 862-863 886-887 898 Charity
John Heaton, (A) 72
accounts, (A) 1036
Bryce, Nuala John Kennedy, (A) 176
supplements, Spring 1992 Christmas
in person, (A) 252 John Taylor, (A) 760
1992
Kate Markus, (A) 1012
Budds, Alan
Cheques law on television, (A) 980
small claims representation, (L) 882
Gaming Act 1968 and, (A) 484-485 law society conference, (A) 1068
Budget 1992 local authority law departments, (A) 78
Child abuse
lawyers comment on, (To) 227-228 Lord Alexander of Weedon QC, (A) 1040
preparing defence in case, (A) 310-311
proposals, SJ Budget Special I-IV Lord Goodman, (A) 348
Children Lord Irvine, (A) 276
Building Regulations abduction, (L) 818 Lord Justice Farquharson, (A) 324
enforcement, (A) 605-606 Child Support Act 1991,(A) 1001 1246- Margaret Rutherford, (A) 660
Building societies 1250 Mark Stephens, (A) 736
conveyancing services, (To) 203 Children Act 1989, (A)(L)(U) 66 358- Michael Stephen, (A) 1180
ombudsmen, (To) 616 359 384 456 567 967-969 1226 new Master of Rolls, (A) 820
conciliation scheme, LB 40 Nuala Bryce, (A) 252
Burger,P A emotional abuse of, (To) 816 Peter Ashman, (A) 476
mortgages, (L) 128 evidence of, (A) 644 Peter Carter-Ruck, (A) 420
Burn, Suzanne legal aid, application for, (To) 256 Peter Duffield, (A) 784
improving access to justice, (A) 1094 wardship, (A) 66 Professor Aubrey Diamond QC, 812
Christmas caption competi- Reina Maria May, (A) 588
Burnett-Hall, Richard H Richard Coles, (A) 1232
waste and polluted land, (A) 68-69 tion Ronnie Fox, (A) 876
results, 84
Business organisations Roy Amlot QC, (A) 152
Spain, in, (A) 992-993 Christou, Richard schools and teachers, influence of, (A)
commercial law cases in 1992, (U) 1193- 904
Business property relief 1194 Stephen James and Alan Carr, (A) 636
inheritance tax, (A) 609 UK law firms operating in Europe, chal- Trevor Aldridge QC, 560
Byrne, Margaret lenge from US, (A) 54 Client
social policy after Maastricht, (A) 136 Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977, (A) communication, criticism of, (To) 563-
316-317
Cameron, Neil 564
Barbican Exhibition, (A) 754 Cirell, Steve irritating, (A) 850
CD-ROM, (A) 633 transfer of undertakings, CGT and, (A) low-income. See Low-income client
computer viruses, (T) 1202 746-748 money, stringent controls on handling,
information technology, (T) 94 Citizen’s Charter (To) 907
know-how for law firms, (T) 949-950 enforcement, (C) 379 personal injury, practical help for, (A)
1118-1119 390-391
systematic cost recovery, (A) 394 City of London private client work, (L) 720
office space, (A) 807
technosystems, comparison of, (A) 528- Close, JM
530 Civil claims lawyer’s law, (L) 384
wordprocessing, (T) 196-197 298 inconsistencies in EC, (To) 23-24
Clough, Mark
Cannon, David Civil justice system Sunday trading, (A) 694
understanding abduction, (L) 818 review of, (To) 764
Clubs
Capital gains tax Civil litigation private members’, racial discrimination
indexation allowance, LB 41 brief, (A) 195 381 627 721 942 1241 and, (To) 75
revised statement of practice, LB 157-158 costs, (A) 93
166-167 green form limit, (A) 288 Cohabitees
second family home, (A) 491-493 interrogatories, (A) 288 joint ownership of property, (A)(L) 437-
rules of Supreme Court (Amendment) 438 482 624 769
Carne, Simon 1992, changes introduced by, (A) 486
Cohen, Michael
pension fund surplus, (A) 860 488
expert dispute determination, (L) 426
Carr, Alan Clamping
Coleman, Dr Vernon
in person, (A) 636 legality of, (A) 668 677
decriminalisation of drug use, (A) 976
Carrion, Francisco Clayton, Richard
Coles, Richard
debt collection in Spain, (A) 550 555 Andrea Bartlett, (A) 48
in person, (A) 1232
Barbican exhibition catering, (A) 527
Carter-Ruck, Peter
Bill Farrer, (A) 372 College of Law
in person, (A) 420
Brian Moore, (A) 200 annual report, (C) 643
Causation Bryan Green, (A) 952 functions of, (L) 742
environmental personal injury, (A) 804- Charles Penney, (A) 852
Colton, Mary
806 David Jessel, (A) 1204
clamping, (A) 668 677
David Kirk, (A) 224
Cerebral palsy
David McGuinty, (A) 688 Commerce
litigation over, (To) 1102
David Pannick, (A) 396 motor industry, distribution systems of,
Cerrell, Joe Eugene Wrayburn, (A) 1276 (A) 630-632
American angle, (A) 712 government law departments, (A) 78 restrictive trade practices, (A) 112-113
Commercial court Confidence Costs
Birmingham, (A)(L)(To) 102 128 352 injunction for breach of, (To) 124 civil litigation, (A) 93
Bristol, (A)(L) 384 criminal proceedings, (A) 332-333
Conflict of laws
establishment of, (C) 103 interest on, (A) 944-945
rules, (A) 380
legal , call for lowering of, (To) 741
Commercial law
Conservation areas Legal Aid Board, recovery against, (A)
cases in 1992, (U) 1193-1194
important recent decisions, (U) 361-362 14-15
Commercial property matrimonial, (A) 1116
Conservative Party
changing face of, (A) 470 planning appeal, (A) 579
law programme, (To) 281
lease, (To)(U) 376 601-602 plea bargaining, effect of, (To) 591
Construction rape case, (To) 304
Committal proceedings
recent developments in law, (U) 865-867 security against UK firms, (A) 1113
Marchioness prosecution, (To) 156 616-
1120 1132
617 640-641 Construction industry
solicitors’ accounts, (A) 385 387
insolvency in, (A) 596-597
Community charge systematic cost recovery, (A) 394
anti-poll-tax initiative, (To) 52 Consumers taxation, (A) 356
imprisonment for non-payment, (A) 830- civil claims inconsistencies, (To) 23-24 time costing, (A) 416
831 competition and Services (Utilities) Bill, See also Fixed fees
(A) 61
Company Cotter, Aidan
courts, service in, (To) 591-592
beating recession, (A) 1114-1115 understanding inquests, (A) 114-115
debt court claims, judgments for, (To)
contracts, (A) 432-434
305 Cottrell, Ronald
corporate tenant, insolvency of, (A) 270-
distance selling, (A) 1080-1082 Housing Act 1988, (A) 841
271
Fair Trading Act 1973, (A) 544-545 review of Palk case, (A) 1000
directors, personal liability of, (A) 16-17
guarantees, (A) 770-771
EC direct tax Directives, (A) 776-777 Council for Legal Education
new law, (U) 435-436
foreign, insolvency and, (A) 1146 selection procedure for Bar vocational
ombudsman schemes, (A) 926
insolvency, (U) 1111-1112 course, (To) 741
limited liability procedure, (To) 764 Contempt of court
Council of Mortgage Lenders
minority shareholder protection, (A) imprisonment for, (C)(To) 329 331
1172-1173 1196-1197 1218 1223 judicial review, (To) 739 (CML)
non-existent or wrongly named, contract mortgage fraud, compensation for, (To)
with, (A) 186 188 191 Contingency fees 787
use of, (C)(To) 763-764 883
shadow director, (A) 494-495 Counter, Professor Kenneth
terms and conditions of trade, (A) 514- Contract conflict of laws, (A) 380
515 519 agreement to negotiate, (To) 100-101
company, (A) 432-434 County court
Compensation construction law, (U) 865-867 debt court claims, judgments for, (To)
cost of default, (C)(L)(To) 769 693 787 negotiated procedure, use of, (A) 708- 305
791 709 730-731 765 personal injury claims, (A) 26
criminal Injuries Compensation Board, non-existent or wrongly named company, shortcomings, (L) 79
(To) 4
HIV, (To) 203 with, (A) 186 188 191 Courses
Law Society Compensation Fund, recent important cases, (U) 337-338 books and, Supplements 15/5/1992;
(A)(C)(To) 304-305 376 479-480 Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977, (A) 30/10/1992
316-317
504 539-540 543 787 1050 1062 warranty claims, (A) 1034 Court
Legal Services Ombudsman, guidelines consumer-oriented policy, (To) 591-592
set by, (To) 279 Conveyancing dress, (C) 859
opren case, (A)(N) 857 858 Abbey National, inspection of files by, magistrates’. See Magistrates’ court
solicitor’s misconduct, for, (To) 304-305 (To) 763 secrecy, prevention of, (To) 664
376 Adams Residential Property Index, (A) televising of proceedings, (C)(To) 788
Competition 707 819
authorised conveyancers. See Authorised
European Court of First Instance, decision conveyancers Court of Appeal
of, (To) 303-304 building societies, services offered by, Doody and others, (A) 511
internationalisation of anti-trust, (A) 990-
991 (To) 203 Court of Protection
focus, Supplement 20/3/1992 fixed costs, LB 121
Competition and Services householders’ insurance, (A) 408-409
(Utilities) Bill inter-firm survey, (To) 327-328 Cowell, Peter
review of provisions, (A) 61 joint ownership of property, (A)(L) 437- owner borrowing money on security, (A)
438 482 624 769 439
Computers. See Information National Conveyancing Network, (To) Craig, lan
technology 717 Anton Piller orders, (A) 1078-1079
obstructive behaviour, (A) 781
Conciliation stamp duty, (To) 3-4 Credit hire
scheme, practice direction, LB 40 legal expenses insurance, (A)(L) 471
solicitors, and, (A) 966 1020 Cooper, John 510 643
whistle blowers, (A) 1166
Confederation of British Creed, Humphrey
Industry (CBI) Cooper, Ruth Redmond-. See personal injury claims, (A) 941
commercial lease reform, call for, (To) Redmond-Cooper, Ruth
Crime
376
Copyright arrest referral scheme, (A) 884
Confession electronic databases, protection for, (A) assault and wounding cases, consent in,
admissibility of evidence, (To) 52 100 532 (A) 546-547
uncorroborated, (To) 540 resale royalty, (A) 212 cautioning offender, (A) 1190-1191
computer snoopers, (A) 964-965 interlocutory injunction and, (A) 1086- pre-discovery inspection, (A) 836-837
detention, mistreatment and abuse of 1088 847
police power, (A) 1164-1165 job satisfaction, loss of, (A) 487-488
Discrimination
Doody and others, (A) 511 mental distress and inconvenience, (A)
racial. See Racial discrimination
drug trafficking, (A) 1264-1265 604 606
sex. See Sex discrimination
fraud. See Fraud personal injury claims, LB 295
HIV carriers, (To) 615-616 provisional, (A) 654-655 Distance selling
insider dealing, (A) 1108-1109 wrongful birth, for, (A) 1141 EC proposals, (A) 1080-1082
medical treatment, withdrawal of, (A) Database District judge
1192 1201
electronic, copyright protection for, (A) procedure, (A) 106-107
offences, (U) 85 532
poisoning cases, (A) 1266-1267 District judges
private wheel clamping, legality of, (A) Davies, Tony time costing, (A) 416
677 668 limitation periods, (A) 722-723
Divorce
reporter, (A) 410-412 704-705 802-803 Davis, Richard clean break, (A) 862-863 886-887 898
888-889 1002-1003 1134 1138 1260- insolvency in construction industry, (A) financial provision on, (U) 313-314
1261 596-597 mediators, role of, (To) 1099-1100
solicitor injured at police station, (A) Dawes, Harriet parent, of, (C) 1131
461-462 pensions, (A) 834-835 pension rights split on, (To) 855
USSR, (A) 360 petitions in Newcastle, (H) 284
Day, Martyn
Criminal Injuries EC environmental policy, (A) 34 37 Documents
Compensation Board (CICB) wordprocessor systems, storage and
minimum compensation, (To) 4 Death retrieval in, (T) 298
tenant, of, (A) 751-752
Criminal justice Donaldson, Dame Mary
changes, (C) 959 Debts banking ombudsman’s independence, (L)
confessions, (To) 540 banking, recovery of, (A) 531 607
Judith Ward case, (To) 452 617 county court, judgments in, (To) 305
miscarriages of justice, investigation of, London Rules and debt restructuring, (A) Doyle, Dr Louis G
(C)(To) 719 856 1127 216-217 bankruptcy, insolvency and matrimonial
police code of ethics, (To) 815 mortgagor and debt trap, (A) 130-131 property, (A) 920-921 936 940
Spain, debt collection in, (A) 550 555 company directors, personal liability of,
Criminal law (A) 16-17
cases, (U) 749-750 Defamation defining shadow director, (A) 494-495
environment, protection of, (A) 569 574 local authority libels, (To) 180 minority shareholder protection, (A)
Defence 1172-1173 1196-1197 1218 1223
Criminal practice
solicitors in, (A) 796-797 child sexual abuse case, (A) 310-311 Driscoll, James
Department of Trade and local authority expenditure and capital
Criminal proceedings
receipts, (A) 568 574
admissibility of evidence, (A) 58-60 Industry
breathalyser cases, (U) 86 Barlow Clowes claim, (To) 127 surrendering joint tenancies, (A) 294-295
children’s evidence, (A) 644 Devlin, Lord Drug addiction
confession evidence, (To) 52 100 death, (To) 788 decriminalisation of drug use, (A) 976
costs, (A) soviet Union, (A) 472
Devon
either way charges, (A) 58-60 fixed fees, (To) 540 Drug trafficking
evidence, (U) 85-86 confiscation orders, (A) 1264-1265
Home Secretary in breach of PACE, (To) Devonald, Lyn imprisonment of drug smugglers, (To)
4 Legal Aid Board, on, (A) 910 1127-1128
identification, (U) 86
judge-driven convictions, (To) 305 Diamond, Professor Aubrey Duckworth, Matthew
legal aid, (A)(To) 58-60 305 ac cold comfort for Sunday traders, (A) 724
Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984, in person, (A) 812 computer snoopers, (A) 964-965
(U) 86 Dibb Lupton & Broomhead Duffield, Peter
procedure, (U) 85-86 presence in Bradford, (To) 565 in person, (A) 784
remand prisoners held in police cells, rise
Dickins, Hugh F Duffy, Peter
in number of, (To) 328
cost of default, (L) 769 EEA treaty, (A) 29
self-incrimination, privilege against, (A)
European practice briefing, (A) 548 645
164 Director of Public
790 864 972-973 1105 1212
sentence, (U) 87 Prosecutions public procurement law, (A) 308
silence, right of, (A) 58-60 132 134 issues to be tackled, (To) 126
public works and supply contracts, (A)
special procedure material, (U) 86-87
Directors 210
Croker, Richard insuring against personal liability, (A)
Duggan, Michael
VAT and property, (A) 756-757 16-17
contract law, (U) 337-338
shadow directors, (A) 494-495
Crown Court striking out, (A) 1195 1200 1227-1229
fixed fees, (To) 615 Disability
Durnford Ford
survey of cases, (To) 1235 management of, (A) 88-89 92
legal aid work, opts out of, (To) 479
Crown Prosecution Service Disclosure
Duty solicitor scheme
relocation of staff to York, (To) 593 social work records, immunity of, (A)
fixed fees campaign, (To) 99
208 219
Damages operational problems, (To) 23 3
exemplary, public nuisance, (A) 1198- Discovery public concern about availability of, (To)
1199 personal injury, (A) 549 555 577-578 328
withdrawal from, (To) 256 279-280 pensions, (A) 834-835 multinational legal partnership, (To) 24
recent cases, (U) 1167-1168 package holidays Directive, (A) 822-823
Dyson, Henry
reinstatement of dismissed employee, (A) parallel imports, (A) 648 651
EC environmental policy, (A) 34 37
1024-1026 practice briefing, (A) 645 790 972-973
waste management, (A) 508-509
unfair dismissal, (A)(L) 236-238 516- 1105 1212
Edmonds, James 518 519 607 public procurement law, (A) 308 842-
Timeshare Act 1992, (A) 974-975 whistle blowers, protection of, (A) 994- 844
995 1166 public works and supply contracts, dis-
Education
crimination in awarding, (A) 210
further and higher, (A) 1060-1062 Englefield, Philip
red light for, (C) 160
parental choice or racial segregation, (A) theft, solicitor charged with, (To) 127
security laws, harmonisation of, (To) 304
44]
Environment single market. See Single market
pupil assault, protection of teacher from,
civil liability for damage, (A) 1160 1162 solicitors’ ignorance of law, (To) 155
(To) 815
1175 Spain. See Spain
review of, (To) 1208
contaminated land registers, (A) 1084- Sunday trading, (A) 694 724
school governors, (A)(L) 628-629 720
1085 UK law firms operating in, challenge
selection procedure for Bar vocational
criminal law, protection by use of, (A) from US, (A) 54
course, (To) 741
569 574 Value added tax, (A) 222
Edwards, Martin defending polluters, (A) 116-117 Yugoslavia, (A) 135
employment law, (U) 165-166 1167- EC environmental policy, (A) 34 37
European Court of Human
1168 EC law, (U) 289-290
environmental court or tribunal, (C) 403 Rights
Either way charges examplary damages, (A) 1198-1199 ISKON, refusal of planning permission
criminal proceedings, (A) 58-60 green legislation, implementation of, (To) to, (To) 816
Election. See General elec- 377 importance of, (A) 404
tion hazardous substances, (A) 890 Spain, violation by, (To) 453
personal injury, (A) 804-806 UK cases, (To) 282
Electronic databases radon, threat from, (To) 764 European Court of Justice
copyright protection, (A) 532 registers of contaminated land, (A) 468- competition case, (To) 303-304
Electronic mail 469 family credit, ruling on, (To) 740-741
nature of, (A) 753 secured loans, enforcement of, (A) 319-
320 European Economic Area
Electronics waste and polluted land, (A) 68-69 (EEA)
safety testing, (A) 846 waste management, (A) 508-509 new developments on treaty, (A) 29
Ellis, Barbara waste producers, (To) 304 ratification, (To) 353
ombudsman schemes, (A) 926 Environmental Law Evans, John L
Ellison, John Foundation (ELF) what is Outram? (L) 1210
adoption appeals, (U) 35-37 formal launch, (To) 4 Eversheds
parental responsibility and unmarried Equal Opportunities merger of firms, (To) 399-400
father, (A) 170-171
Commission (EOC) Evidence
Ellison, Robin part-time workers’ rights, (A) 64-65 admissibility of, (A) 58-60
pensions law, (U) 265-266 children, of, (A) 644
European Commission
confession, admissibility of, (To) 52 100
Eliman, Michael decision overturned on procedural
criminal law, (U) 85-86
instructing foreign lawyer, (A) 870-871 grounds, (To) 202-203
exclusion under PACE, (A) 1004-1005
Elly, Charles European Community hearsay, anti-poll-tax initiative and, (To)
Law Society president-in-waiting, (To) border controls, (A) 548 52
423-424 breaches of EC law, (A) 775
Exall, Gordon
standard fees, (L) 285 civil claims inconsistencies, (To) 23-24
Anton Pillers after Hibben, (A) 218-219
contaminated land, (A) 580
Emanuel, Paul civil litigation brief, (A) 93 195 288
developments in law, awareness of, (To)
sole practitioners, (L) 818 381 486 488 627 721 942 1241
124 127
nervous shock after Hillsborough, (A) 13
Employment direct tax Directives and UK companies,
15
alternative, and unfair dismissal, (A) 946- (A) 776-777
947 direct tax measures, (A) 318 320 Exchange control
current trends in law, (U) 165-166 distance selling, (A) 1080-1082 Spain, (A) 838-840
dismissal distinguished from resignation, environmental law, (U) 289-290
Exeter University
(A) 236-238 environmental policy, (A) 34 37
reunion, (L) 624
EC health and safety at work Directives, food, labels of origin applied to, (A) 670-
(A) 868-869 671 Expert
employers’ responsibility, (A) 363 365 growth areas for 1992, (To) 592 dispute determination, (A)(L) 286-287
gainful, (A) 1136-1137 health and safety at work Directives, (A) 384 426 482 567 1122
health and safety at work, (A) 1106-1107 868-869 forensic, (To) 565
industrial tribunals, (A) 652-653 872- instructing foreign lawyer, (A) 870-871 witnesses, Supplements 10/7/1992;
874 international money laundering, (A) 672- 11/12/1992
insolvency, issues relating to, (A) 38-39 673 682
Fair tendering
job sharing, (A) 1221-1223 internationalisation of anti-trust, (A) 990-
public procurement, (A) 842-844
local authority, (A) 1262-1263 991
PAYE audit, (A) 82 law students’ views on, (To) 228 Family
part-time workers and equal rights, (A) legal practices in France, (A) 33 anorexia, (A) 778-779
64-65 maastricht Treaty. See Maastricht Treaty child sexual abuse case, defence in, (A)
payment in lieu of notice, (A) 572-573 motor industry, (A) 630-632 310-311
Children Act 1989, (A) 66 358-359 provision of, (C)(To) 593 595 France
clean break, (A) 862-863 886-887 898 SIB v Pantell, (To) 740 legal practices in, (A) 33
conciliation. See Conciliation
ex parte s 8 orders, (A) 1083 1092 Finch, Robert G Franchising
financial provision in family court, (A) commercial leases, (U) 601-602 international franchise agreements, termi-
1054 Finney, Malcolm J nation of, (A) 144-146
international aspects, (A) 108 111 EC direct tax Directives and UK compa- national implementation, (C)(To) 1043
law in mid-1990s, (A) 1251-1252 nies, (A) 776-777 1047
lone parents, new system for, (A) 1001
marriage breakdown, (A) 1253-1254 Firms. See Law firms Fraser, John, MP
in person, (A) 120
matrimonial costs, (A) 1116 FitzGerald, Susanna
matrimonial practice and low income Cheques and Gaming Act 1968, (A) 484- Fraud
client, (A) 140-141 485 computer, (To) 592
parental responsibility and unmarried licensing amusement centres and arcades, fraudulent mortgage, remedies open to
father, (A) 170-171 (A) 262 269 parties to, (A) 342
step-parent adoption, (A) 894-895 losses, (To) 256
Fixed fees mortgage, (To) 787
Family credit Bar Council rejection of offer, (To) 51
self-incrimination, privilege against, (A)
ECJ ruling, (To) 740-741 Birmingham solicitors, revolt by, (To) 24 164
Family proceedings court CLSA conference, (To) 984 serious ,(A) 833
Birmingham, (A)(L) 358-359 742 commercial firms fight against, (To) 76 Serious Fraud Office, machinery available
court of Protection, LB 121 to, (A) 241 246
Farm shop workers crown court, (To) 615
security of tenure, (A) 728-729 data relating to, (To) 4 tria5l9s,2 -(5A9)3( To) 156-157 158 202 479
Farquharson, Lord Justice Devon and Exeter, practitioners in, (To)
in person, (A) 324 540 Frenkel, John
dilemma of Lord Chancellor, (C) 127 structured settlements(,A ) 8-10 30-32
Farrell, Michael
poisoning cases, (A) 1266-1267 direct action against imposition of, (C) Friedman, Paul
987
winding-up petition, (A) 999
Farrer, Bill duty solicitor scheme, withdrawal from,
in person, (A) 372 (To) 99 279-280 Friendly societies
initiative by LAPG, (To) 815-816 Act of 1992, (A) 1268-1269
Father
Law Society attitude, (To) 51 99-100
unmarried, parental responsibility and, Frost, Giles
503-504 616
(A) 170-171 modernising mortgage law, (A) 267-268
local campaign co-ordinators’ meeting,
292-293 295
Fees (To) 983-984
contingency, (C)(To) 763-764 883 opinion of Sir Frederick Lawton, (L) 128 Galinsky, Ruth
fixed. See Fixed fees professional opposition to, (C)(To) 123 interlocutory injunctions and damages,
gross fee income, publication of, (To) 507 (A) 1086-1087
764 Shropshire Law Society, position of,
Gallagher, John
north-south divide, (To) 692 (L)\(To) 664 720
rap for Lord Donaldson, (L) 958
standard, (C)(To) 934 1044 Touche Ross to advise Law Society, (To)
740 Gallagher, P
Feldman, Linda
underhand dealings by LCD, accusation step-parent adoptions, (A) 894-895
Children Act 1989, (U) 967-969
of, (To) 227
Gaming
Fernandes, Maria
abolition of border controls, (A) 1142- Flats Cheques and Gaming Act 1968, (A) 484-
1143 1146 sale of block of, (A) 794-795 485
Finance Fletcher, Jacqueline Gas
Act of God, insuring against, (A) 698 prevention of injustice, effect of PACE Competition and Services (Utilities) Bill,
business property relief, IHT planning, on, (A) 242-243 effect of, (A) 61
(A) 609 Foinette Quinn Geddes, Andrew C
charity accounts, (A) 1036 legal aid claim, (To) 51-52 EC environmental law, (U) 289-290
divorce, provision on, (U) 313-314
indexation, (A) 274 Food General Accident
Insurance Ombudsman Bureau, annual Barbican exhibition catering, (A) 527 free legal helpline, (A) 520
report 1991, (A) 364-365 food premises, registration of, (A) 366- General election
investment advice, (A) 845 368 392-393 law issues, (C)(To) 155 203 205 228
legal expenses insurance, (A)(L) 471 Food Safety Act 1990, (A) 510 law officers, appointment of, (To) 351-
510 643 labels of origin applied to, (A) 670-671 352
Motor Insurers’ Bureau, (A) 70 Football main parties’ law programmes, (C)(To)
secondhand life assurance policies, (A) terminating restriction orders, (A) 1088- 280-281 283
174
1089 1092
taxation. See Taxation Getty, David
Foreman, Tony trade marks, (U) 1055-1057
Finance Act tax compliance, (A) 649-650
offshore trusts, (A) 213-214 Ghandhi, P R
Forensic experts exemplary damages in public nuisance,
Financial provision
working party, (To) 565 (A) 1198-1199
family court, (A) 1054
Forfeiture Gibbons, Stephen
Financial services
relief against, (A) 1144-1145 gainful employment, (A) 1136-1137
Barlow Clowes claim, (To) 127
Financial Services Act 1986 (FSA), effect Fox, Ronnie Gifford, AC
of, 922 in person, (A) 876 private client work, (L) 720
Gilbert, John Guarantee Highways
Friendly Societies Act 1992, (A) 1268- present law and proposals for change, (A) recent developments, (U) 891-893
1269 770-771
Hillsborough case
Gilchrist, Stephen Gudgeon, JR nervous shock, (A) 13 15
arresting conduct, (A) 884 Black Wednesday, (L) 1238
Hinchliffe, Mark
costs, (A) cohabitee buyers, (A)(L) 437-438 624
industrial tribunal claim, (A) 652-653
crime reporter, (A) 58-60 132 134 410-
HIV
412 570-571 704-705 802-803 888- Hinton, Martin
carriers, (To) 615-616
889 1002-1003 1134 drug trafficking confiscation orders, (A)
compensation, (To) 203
election as LAPG chairman, (To) 451- 1264-1265
452 Hall, Richard H Burnett-. See international money laundering, (A) 672-
PACE and prevention of injustice, (A) Burnett-Hall, Richard H 673 682
242-243
solicitors’ accounts, (A) 385 387 Hanbury, William Hoar, Graham
alternative dispute resolution, (A) 334- in person, (A) 928
Giles, Marianne 335
consent in assault and wounding cases, Hodson, David
(A) 546-547 Hann, RG international family law work, (A) 108
marital rape, proposals to combat, (To) further and higher education, (A) 1060- 11h
53 1062 Hofler, Anthony
Sexual Offences (Amendment) Act 1992, Hann, Rob company contracts, (A) 432-434
(A) 798
back to future with light rapid transit, (A)
Hoggett, Professor Brenda,
Gill, Manjit S 1096
ac
parental choice or racial segregation, (A)
Harman, Mr Justice wills, effect of divorce on, (L) 1210
44)
survey of 50 City lawyers, (A) 451
tiolgate, Geoff
Gill, Tessa
employers’ responsibility, (A) 363 365 Harris, Julian alternative employment and unfair dis-
information technology law, (A) 521 missal, (A) 946-947
Glover, P new grouping for agriculture, (A) 996 implementing EC health and safety at
district judge’s possession court, (A) Richard Susskind, profile of, (A) 536 work Directives, (A) 868-869
106-107 Harris, Paul local authority employees, (A) 1262-
Glover, PML part-time workers and equal rights, (A) 1263
farm shop workers, (A) 728-729 64-65 reinstatement of dismissed employee, (A)
1024-1026
Goodman, Dawn Harris, RL words of dismissal, (A) 236-238
trustees’ duties on investment of funds, accepting receiver, (L) 426
(A) 799-800 Holidays
Harris, Simon
package holidays Directive, (A) 822-823
Goodman, Lord liquor licence, application for, (A) 339
in person, (A) 348 341 Holmes, Nick
technosystems, comparison of, (A) 528-
Gordon, Jeffrey Harwood, Michael
530
wife as surety, (L) 743 insurance and standard conditions of sale,
word processing systems, (A) 1064-1066
(A) 408-409 1110
Gordon, Richard
Home
judicial review, (U) 109-110 1139-1140 Hatfield, Sally
home income plans, operation of, (A)
Government legal services criminal law, (U) 749-750 193-194
privatisation, (A)(To) 78 663 Hazardous substances second family home, CGT, 491-493
Gowan, Daniel new legislation, (A) 890 Home Office
arbitration, role of lawyers in, (MP) 185 Head, Malcolm CICB, minimum compensation awarded
Grant, lan Total Quality Management (TQM), (A) by, (To) 4
partnership taxation, (U) 997-998 1035 Homelessness. See Housing
Grant, Mark Health and safety Hopkins, Charles
date of death, (L) 1048 EC Directives, (A) 868-869 tobacco litigation, (A) 1052-1053
management responsibilities, (A) 1106-
Grant, Michael 1107 Horten, Monica
theft, jailed for, (To) 740
electronic mail, (A) 753
Health standards inspec-
Green , Bryan information technology, (T) 948
company insolvency, (U) 1111-1112 torate safety testing for electronics, (A) 846
medical negligence claims, (A) 828-829
in person, (A) 952
House of Commons
Hearsay evidence
Green form scheme. See pension funds, operation of, Social
anti-poll-tax initiative, (To) 52
Legal aid Security Committee report, (To) 229
Heath, Stanley solicitors elected to, (To) 352
Greene, David
county court shortcomings, (L) 79
whistle blowers, (A) 1166 Housing
Heaton, John home income plans, (A) 193-194
Griffiths, Andrew
in person, (A) 72 homelessness, recent developments in,
contract with non-existent or wrongly
(A) 598-599 603 621-623 646-647
named companies, (A) 186 188 191 Hern, Jane
678-679 701-703 732-733
in person, (A) 500
Grindrod, Helen M, QC housing Act 1988, (A) 841
child sexual abuse case, defence in, (A) Hewitt, John s 34(1) of Housing Act 1988, (L) 27
310-311 death of tenant, (A) 751-752 sheltered housing schemes, (A) 193-194
Howard, Hugh information technology Intellectual property
defence of retired policemen, (A) 1038 Bar Council, changes at, (T) 948 Convention on Biological Diversity, (A)
CD-ROM, (A) 633 1030
Howe, Penny
computer fraud, (To) 592 copyright and resale royalty, (A) 212
damages for loss of job satisfaction, (A)
computer snoopers, (A) 964-965 droit de suite, (A) 496
487-488
computer viruses, (T) 1202 growth areas for 1992, (To) 592
Hughes, Adrian electronic mail, (A) 753 pan-European cable and satellite broad-
privileged frauster, (A) 164 Law Society, changes at, (T) 948 casting, (A) 458-460
Hughes, Wyn nostalgia and forecast, (T) 94 passing off, (To) 1235-1236
taxation of costs, (A) 356 safety testing for electronics, (A) 846 Interest
specialist lawyer, role of, (A) 521
costs, on, (A) 944-945
Human growth hormone systematic cost recovery, (A) 394
(HGH) word processing. See Word processing interlocutory injunction
lawyers form group on, (To) 856 damages and, (A) 1086-1087
Inheritance tax
Human rights business property relief, (A) 609 International
European Court. See European Court of conflict of laws, (A) 380
Human Rights Injunction corporate tax work, (To) 504
Malawi, (To) 1236 breach of confidence, (To) 124 family law work, (A) 108 111
interlocutory, and damages, (A) 1086- Lockerbie disaster, (To) 377
Humphries, Norman 1087 maritime boundaries, (A) 413
tipping, technical aspects of, (A) 417
Inland Revenue money laundering, (A) 672-673 682
Hunt, David, OC investment managers, Overseas clients of, International Bar Association
legal professional privilege, (A) 430-431 LB 41 conference, (To) 932
Hunt, James, QC PAYE audit, (A) 82
International Society of
structured settlements, (A) 386-387
inquests Krishna Consciousness
Hutton, Matthew understanding, (A) 114-115
(ISKON)
second family home, tax planning, (A) Insider dealing planning permission for temple, refusal
491-493 proposed amendments, (A) 1108-1109 of, (To) 816
Hyde Mahon Bridges Insolvency International franchise
technosystem deployed by, (A) 528-529
company ,(U) 1111-1112 agreement
l’‘Anson Banks, Roderick. See company directors, personal liability of, termination, (A) 144-146
Banks, Roderick l‘'Anson (A) 16-17 interrogatories
construction industry, in, (A) 596-597
Ibbotson, Roger corporate tenant, of, effect on landlord, civil litigation, (A) 288
personal injury litigation, (A) 167-169 (A) 270-271 Interview techniques
identification debt collection in Spain, (A) 550 555 police, (To) 693
criminal law, (U) 86 employment issues, (A) 38-39 Investment
foreign company, and, (A) 1146
immigration advice, (A) 845
border controls, abolition of, (A) 1142- lease, liquidator’s right to disclaim, (A) foreign investment in Spain, (A) 838-840
1174
1143 1146 litigants in person, (A) 139 Investment Management
commercial client, advice for, (A) 312
London Rules, (A) 216-217 Regulatory Organisation Ltd
315
legal aid, (To) 124 winding-up petition, (A) 999 (IMRO)
racial discrimination, (A) 1022-1023 Insolvency Lawyers’ Maxwell pension disaster, failure to pre-
vent, (To) 665
imports Association (ILA)
parallel(,A ) 648 651 first annual conference, (To) 305-306 investment managers
non-resident clients, LB 41
Imprisonment inspection
contempt of court, (C)(To) 329 331 pre-discovery(,A ) 836-837 847 investors Compensation
fall in prison numbers, (To) 1099 Scheme (ICS)
Institute of Legal Secretaries
non-payment of poll tax, (A) 830-831 judicial review, (To) 1045
jobs registry, (L) 402
parole process, (A) 570-571
lrastorza, Antonio
police power, abuse of, (A) 1164-1165 Insurance
business organisations in Spain, (A) 992-
rationalisation of system, (C) 1019 Acts of God, (A) 698
993
remand prisoners held in police cells, rise bailments and obligation to insure, (A)
debt collection in Spain, (A) 550 555
in number of, (To) 328 244-246
exchange control and foreign investment
terms of, (A) 581 company directors, personal liability of,
in Spain, (A) 838-840
(A) 16-17
indemnity insurance
indemnity insurance, (A) 56 681-682 irvine of Lairg, Lord, QC
importance of, (A) 681-682
latent defects, (A) 600 603 in person, (A) 276
solicitors, (A) 56
legal expenses, (A)(L) 471 510 643 James, Stephen
indexation Motor Insurers’ Bureau, (A) 70 in person, (A) 636
capital gains tax, LB 41 professional indemnity premiums, (A) 56
taxation cases, (A) 274 sole practitioner, (A) 87 Jarman, Jane
standard conditions of sale, (A) 408-409 legal secretaries, (L) 402
Industrial tribunal
procedures(,A ) 872-874 1110 Jessel, David
unfair dismissal claim, (A) 652-653 Insurance Ombudsman in person, (A) 1204
Information Bureau Job satisfaction
Law Society database, on, (To) 75-76 annual report 1991, (A) 364-365 damages for loss of, (A) 487-488
Joint tenancy Korgaonkar, Gill Law , Peter
surrendering, (A) 294-295 anorexia, (A) 778-779 banking debts, recovery of, (A) 531
arbitration for medical negligezce, (A)
Joliffe, John Law centres
336 341
independent trustee, (A) 260 restrictions on, (A)(To) 375-376 405
damages for wrongful birth, (A) 1141
716
Jones, Elizabeth living wills, (A) 960
solicitor becoming arbitrator, (A) 885 medical manslaughter, (A) 105 Law commission
898 pre-natal injuries, right to sue for, (A) independence, (L) 624
696 700
Judicial independence Law firms
withdrawal of medical treatment, (A)
judicial circulars, increasing use of, (To) 1192 1201 accommodation problems, (A) 442
452 inter-firm survey, (To) 327-328
Korn, Anthony know-how for, (T) 949-950 1118-1119
Judicial review unfair dismissal(,A ) 516-518 519 legal aid remuneration, (C) 55
contempt of court, (To) 739 Wages Act 1986, (A) 675-677 operating in Europe, challenge from US,
investors Compensation Scheme, (To) (A) 54
1045 Kron, Michael practice management. See Practice man-
legal aid, (To) 451 Children Act legal aid, (L) 384 agement
recent case law, (U) 1139-1140 Labour Party small, beating recession, (A)(L) 296-297
recent developments, (U) 109-110 law programme(T,o ) 203 228 280-281 426
Sunday trading, (To) 23 training budgets, (A) 215
Lake, Christopher
Judiciary RSC Order 12 rule 8, (A) 821 Law reform
assistant recorder, appointment of, (A) user-friendly legislation, call for, (To)
264 321 Land 303
complaints about, (C) 987 Access to Neighbouring Land Act 1992,
(A) 466-467 469 Law society
death of Lord Devlin, (To) 788
commonhold, (A) 826-827 annual general meeting, (C) 695
judge-driven convictions, (To) 305
contaminated , (A) 468-469 580 attack on Lord Chancellor, (To) 156
judicial appointments, wider consultation
contaminated land registers, (A) 1084- budget deficit for 1991, (To) 100
on, (C) 427
1085 changes in 1992, (C) 7
limitation period, exclusion of, (A) 382-
damages for mental distress and inconve- Compensation Fund, (A)(C)(To) 304-305
383
nience, (A) 604 606 376 504 479-480 539-540 543 787
retirement age of judges, (To) 228 flats, sale of block of, (A) 794-795 1050 1062
scandal of judges, (C) 1187 local authorities and options to purchase, conference, (A)(C)(To) 1043-1044 1068
survey of general public, (To) 1186 1188 (A) 513 1071-1073 1075
watchdog on judges, (To) 955-956 mortgage. See Mortgage constitution, evolutionary change to, (To)
Juries Palk case, (A) 1000 256
guidance video, (To) 424 716-717 polluted, waste and, (A) 68-69 council elections, (L) 285
relief against forfeiture, (A) 1144-1145 council meeting report, (A) 428 695
Justice residual land issues, (A) 897 database information, (To) 75-76
criminal. See Criminal justice secured loans, enforcement of, (A) 319- fixed fees campaign, (To) 51 99-100
improving access to, (A) 1094 320 503-504 616
restoring confidence, (C) 79 security enforcement, (A) 388-389 information technology changes, (T) 948
Kemp, David, QC Standard Conditiens of Sale (2nd edition), judicial functions, delegation of, (To) 503
travellers’ gatherings, (L) 624 (R) 1059 Manufacturing, Science and Finance,
surveyor, employment of, (A) 962-963 recognition of, (To) 739
Kendall, John See also Property OFT advice on rights of audience, (To)
expert dispute determination, (A) 286- 424
287 1122 Land Registry president-in-waiting Charles Elly, (To)
fax services, LB 105-106 423-424
Kennedy, John stamping of instruments, LB 42 race discrimination, report on, (To) 424
in person, (A) 176 telephone services, LB 105 reviewing, (C) 231
Kightley, R R Landlord and tenant steroid-based medication, legal action
lost relatives, (L) 426 death of tenant, (A) 751-752 over, (To) 76
King, Stephen harassment by landlord, refusal of rein- user-friendly. legislation, call for, (To)
security for costs against UK firms, (A) statement after, (A) 841 303
1113 1120 1132 home income plans, (A) 193-194 Law students
insolvency, effect of, (A) 270-271 grants, (To) 1071-1072
Kirk, David lease. See Lease
in person, (A) 224 selling blocks of flats, (A) 794-795 Law-making process
examination of, (C)(L) 307 384
Kiszko, Stefan sheltered housing schemes, (A) 193-194
prevention of injustice, effect of PACE surrendering joint tenancies, (A) 294-295 Lawson, Dr Richard
on, (A) 242-243 Lane, David Competition and Services (Utilities) Bill,
(A) 61
Knafler, Stephen insolvency of corporate tenant, (A) 270- distance selling, (A) 1080-1082
271
homelessness, recent developments in, Fair Trading Act 1973, (A) 544-545
(A) 598-599 603 621-623 646-647 Lane, Lord guarantees, (A) 770-771
678-679 701-703 732-733 resignation as LCJ, (To) 179 180 new consumer law, (U) 435-436
Knight, Ron Langleben, Alan Lawton, Sir Frederick
Children Act 1989, (L) 567 liquidator’s right to disclaim lease, (A) fashions in advocacy, (A) 1090
1174 legal aid fees, (L) 128
Know-how
large firms, for, (T) 1118-1119 Latent defects Lawyers
smaller firms, for, (T) 949-950 insurance, (A) 600 603 arbitration, role in, (MP) 184-185