Social Entrepreneurship in the Middle East: Volume 2

251 Pages·2015·0.899 MB·English

by  Dima Jamali, Alessandro Lanteri (eds.)

Social Entrepreneurship in the Middle East

Social Entrepreneurship
in the Middle East
Volume 2
Editedby
Dima Jamali and Alessandro Lanteri
AmericanUniversityofBeirut,Lebanon
Selection,introduction,andeditorialmatter©DimaJamali
andAlessandroLanteri2015
Individualchapters©Respectiveauthors2015
Foreword©FadiGhandour2015
Allrightsreserved.Noreproduction,copyortransmissionofthis
publicationmaybemadewithoutwrittenpermission.
Noportionofthispublicationmaybereproduced,copiedortransmitted
savewithwrittenpermissionorinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthe
Copyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988,orunderthetermsofanylicence
permittinglimitedcopyingissuedbytheCopyrightLicensingAgency,
SaffronHouse,6–10KirbyStreet,LondonEC1N8TS.
Anypersonwhodoesanyunauthorizedactinrelationtothispublication
maybeliabletocriminalprosecutionandcivilclaimsfordamages.
Theauthorshaveassertedtheirrightstobeidentifiedastheauthorsofthis
workinaccordancewiththeCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988.
Firstpublished2015by
PALGRAVEMACMILLAN
PalgraveMacmillanintheUKisanimprintofMacmillanPublishersLimited,
registeredinEngland,companynumber785998,ofHoundmills,Basingstoke,
HampshireRG216XS.
PalgraveMacmillanintheUSisadivisionofStMartin’sPressLLC,
175FifthAvenue,NewYork,NY10010.
PalgraveMacmillanistheglobalacademicimprintoftheabovecompanies
andhascompaniesandrepresentativesthroughouttheworld.
Palgrave®andMacmillan®areregisteredtrademarksintheUnitedStates,
theUnitedKingdom,Europeandothercountries.
ISBN 978-1-349-57262-5 ISBN 978-1-137-50995-6 (eBook)
DOI 10.1057/9781137509956
Thisbookisprintedonpapersuitableforrecyclingandmadefromfully
managedandsustainedforestsources.Logging,pulpingandmanufacturing
processesareexpectedtoconformtotheenvironmentalregulationsofthe
countryoforigin.
AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary.
AcatalogrecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheLibraryofCongress.
This book is dedicated to Gregory Dees, whose untimely and
unexpected passing left us very saddened. Gregory, who was
credited as the father of Social Entrepreneurship, had
graciously agreed to write the Foreword to this book and we
were really shocked beyond words can convey by the news of
his passing away on 20 December 2013.
We also dedicate this book to our fellow citizens of the
Middle East and invite them to continue in steering their
efforts in taking social entrepreneurship forward in a region
where it is desperately needed.

Contents
ListofFiguresandTables ix
Foreword xi
Acknowledgements xiii
AbouttheEditors xv
NotesonContributors xvi
ListofAbbreviations xxiv
Introduction 1
DimaJamaliandAlessandroLanteri
1 BridgingtheGapbetweenCommerceandCharity:
ChallengesandOpportunitiesinLebanonandEgypt 15
TeresaChahineandMonaMowafi
2 TheSocialEnterpriseSectorinEgypt:CurrentStatusand
WayForward 37
EhaabAbdouandRaghdaElEbrashi
3 BuildingtheEntrepreneurialEcosysteminSaudiArabia
andtheMiddleEast 63
HayatSindi
4 FromSectarianismtoSolidarity:AVitalRole
forSocialEntrepreneursinMENA 89
DavidHaskell,JaniceHayashiHaskell,andJenniferKwong
5 SocialEntrepreneurshipinMorocco:Prospectsand
Challenges 112
MathiasRossiandJanEirikKjeldsen
6 SocialEntrepreneurshipinMorocco:AViewonthe
CulturalFactor 131
HamzaElFasiki
vii
viii Contents
7 SocialIncubationandtheValuePropositionofSocial
BusinessIncubators:TheCaseofnabad 152
AmalHmayed,NataliaMenhall,andAlessandroLanteri
8 IncubatorsandFundingInstitutionsinLebanon:
AnInfrastructureforSuccessfulSocialEntrepreneurs 173
SamerSfeir
9 DefiningSocialEntrepreneurshipintheContextofa
DemocraticTransition:TheCaseoftheTunisianCenter
forSocialEntrepreneurship 196
ZohraBousnina,AsmaSnoussi,AsmaMansour,Yasmine
Boughzala,andSamiaKarouiZouaoui
Index 216
Figures and Tables
Figures
1.1 Keycriteriaforsocialenterprises 20
1.2 Categorizationofthemostcommontypesof
organizationsfoundintheLebanesesocialarenato
date 21
1.3 Factorsinfluencinglocalandregionalenvironmentfor
socialentrepreneurship 33
2.1 KarmSolar 44
2.2 QabilaTV 44
2.3 FairTradeEgypt–FTE 45
2.4 AlashanekYaBaladyforSustainableDevelopment 45
2.5 Growth(bybudgetorsalesturnover) 51
3.1 SaudiArabianwomenonthewholetendtohave
higherunemploymentthantheirmalecounterparts,
particularlythosewithabachelor’sdegreeorhigher 67
3.2 The2009SilatechIndexindicatesthatyoungpeople
throughouttheMENAregionareinterestedinstarting
theirownbusinesses 71
3.3 Nearlythree-quartersofArabLeagueyouthunder35
yearsofagesaidthattheypreferredtoruntheirown
businessinsteadofbeingemployed 72
3.4 MostVCinvestmentsintheMENAregionhave
concentratedinITtechnology,manufacturing,and
othersectors 78
4.1 OffreJoie’simplicittheoryofchange 91
4.2 Attitudesandbeliefs(vision) 99
4.3 Attitudesandbeliefs(values) 101
4.4 Attitudesandbeliefs(intergroupengagement) 105
6.1 Modelofculture:micro-versusmacro-culture 137
7.1 Thesocialincubationprocessandvalueproposition 160
7.2 Thenabadnationalcompetition 167
8.1 Incubatorservices 176
8.2 Fundingmodelsforsocialenterprises 183
9.1 Thesocialentrepreneur’sspecificneeds 205
ix