Smart Grids: Advanced Technologies and Solutions, Second Edition

828 Pages·2017·39.267 MB·English

by  Stuart Borlase

Smart Grids
The Electric Power Engineering Series
Series Editor
Leo L. Grigsby
Computational Methods for Electric Power Systems, Second Edition
Mariesa L. Crow
Electric Energy Systems: Analysis and Operation
Antonio Gómez-Expósito, Antonio J. Conejo, and Claudio Cañizares
Distribution System Modeling and Analysis, Second Edition
William H. Kersting
Electric Machines
Charles A. Gross
Harmonics and Power Systems
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Electric Drives, Second Edition
Ion Boldea and Syed Nasar
Power System Operations and Electricity Markets
Fred I. Denny and David E. Dismukes
Power Quality
C. Sankaran
Electromechanical Systems, Electric Machines,and Applied Mechatronics
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Linear Synchronous Motors: Transportation and Automation Systems
Jacek Gieras and Jerry Piech
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The Induction Machine Handbook
Ion Boldea and Syed Nasar
Electric Power Substations Engineering
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Electric Power Transformer Engineering
James H. Harlow
Electric Power Distribution Handbook
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Smart Grids
Advanced Technologies and Solutions
Second Edition
Edited by
Stuart Borlase
CRC Press
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Contents
Foreword ...........................................................................................................................................ix
Preface............................................................................................................................................xiii
Acknowledgments ............................................................................................................................xv
Editor .............................................................................................................................................xvii
Contributors ....................................................................................................................................xix
Chapter 1 Overview of the Electric Utility Industry ....................................................................1
Miguel Brandao, Charles W. Newton, and Bartosz Wojszczyk
Chapter 2 Smart Grid Challenges and Transformations .............................................................17
Stuart Borlase, Miguel Brandao, James D. Fine, Mladen Kezunovic, and
Bartosz Wojszczyk
Chapter 3 Smart Energy Resources: Supply and Demand .........................................................67
Stuart Borlase, Sahand Behboodi, Thomas H. Bradley, Miguel Brandao,
David Chassin, Johan Enslin, and Christopher McCarthy
Chapter 4 Communications Systems ........................................................................................149
Mehrdad Mesbah, Sharon S. Allan, and Donivon D. Hettich
Chapter 5 Real-Time Grid Management ...................................................................................179
Stuart Borlase, Jiyuan Fan, Xiaoming Feng, Jay Giri, Douglas Wilson,
Gerald R. Gray, Zhenyu (Henry) Huang, Walter Sattinger,
Bo Yang, and Bo Zeng
Chapter 6 Advanced Protection and Control for the Smart Grid .............................................253
Jens Schoene and Muhammad Humayun
Chapter 7 Automatic Restoration Systems and Outage Management ......................................307
Mirrasoul J. Mousavi, Ning Kang, Hormoz Kazemzadeh, and
Christopher McCarthy
Chapter 8 Volt/VAr Optimization .............................................................................................333
Bob McFetridge, Mike Simms, and Steve Tyler
Chapter 9 Monitoring and Diagnostics .....................................................................................385
Mirrasoul J. Mousavi, Tony McGrail, and Siri Varadan
v
vi Contents
Chapter 10 Asset Management ...................................................................................................397
Tony McGrail
Chapter 11 Geospatial Technologies...........................................................................................405
Paul Wilson
Chapter 12 Mobile Workforce Management ...............................................................................431
Jessica Jensen
Chapter 13 Smart Meters and Advanced Metering Infrastructure .............................................445
Aaron F. Snyder, David Kranzler, and Robby Simpson
Chapter 14 Convergence of Technologies and IT/OT Integration ..............................................463
Stuart Borlase, Michael Covarrubias, Jim Horstman, and Greg Robinson
Chapter 15 Data Analytics for the Smart Grid ...........................................................................489
Greg Robinson, Jim Horstman, Mirrasoul J. Mousavi, and Gowri Rajappan
Chapter 16 High-Performance Computing for Advanced Smart Grid Applications ..................511
Yousu Chen and Zhenyu (Henry) Huang
Chapter 17 Cybersecurity for the Smart Grid.............................................................................533
Jeffrey L. Hahn
Chapter 18 FACTS and HVDC...................................................................................................567
Neil Kirby and Johan Enslin
Chapter 19 Microgrids ................................................................................................................591
Stuart Borlase, Mehdi Ganji, Mohammad Shahidehpour, Wei Tian, and
Patrick Burgess
Chapter 20 The Dynamics of Wholesale and Distributed Energy Markets ...............................605
Eric Woychik, Hong Chen, and David Erickson
Chapter 21 Transactive Energy ...................................................................................................631
Eric Woychik
Chapter 22 Smart Grid Standardization Work ...........................................................................641
Aaron F. Snyder, Frances Cleveland, and Eric Lambert
Contents vii
Chapter 23 The Smart Grid IoT ..................................................................................................675
Stuart Borlase, Donivon D. Hettich, and David Kranzler
Chapter 24 Smart Cities ..............................................................................................................687
Stuart Borlase, Mehdi Ganji, Mohammad Shahidehpour, Mark Wells, Jessie
Denver, Kip Harkness, Adrienne Grier, Daniel Kushner, Mahsa Nicknam,
Dolan Beckel, Eric Lambert, Paul Doherty, Gary Wong, and Patrick Burgess
Chapter 25 Refining a Holistic View of Grid Modernization .....................................................725
John D. McDonald, Robby Simpson, Patty Durand, Charles W. Newton,
and Eric Woychik
Index ..............................................................................................................................................781

Foreword
When I co-founded the GridWise Alliance in 2003, the intent was to empower a diverse, industry-
oriented, member-driven, non-governmental organization (NGO) to play the role of educator and
convener in transitioning the power industry toward our shared vision of a smarter grid. Now that
I’ve recently taken the helm again more than a decade later, I find the mission very much intact, the
goals clearer, and the urgency greater than ever.
Today, a general consensus holds: A modern (and smarter) grid offers a path to a healthy econ-
omy and a sustainable energy future that involves utilities, regulators, vendors, and consumers, and
is founded on a positive business case and a logical implementation framework. How this path takes
shape for any individual utility will, of course, depend on myriad factors, though the traditional
mandates for reliable, affordable, and safe power remain intact.
This second edition of Smart Grids: Advanced Technologies and Solutions that you hold in your
hands is a milestone and supports the notion that the question today is not whether a modern grid is
beneficial and much-needed but how to best accomplish it. Since the turn of the century, the power
industry has gained considerable insight into a variety of new technologies and best practices, cre-
ating a body of knowledge and experience that provides an excellent basis to move forward. The
challenge now is to engage stakeholders in a way that can bring together the diversity of interests
toward a common outcome.
Achieving consensus among stakeholders with diverse interests, motivations, and means is akin
to the old saying about democracy: It’s a messy business. The history of grid modernization in gen-
eral and the GridWise Alliance in particular reflects that we’ve traveled a sometimes arduous road
to our current, forward-looking position.
In the summer of 2001, as director of energy programs at the Pacific Northwest National
Laboratories, I was asked by the Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee to testify on the
potential impact that new information and communication technologies (ICT) could have on the
energy sector. In that testimony I described conceptually how ICT could be deployed to optimize
electricity delivery and consumption. Soon after, the lab and a few partner companies began work-
ing with the U.S. Department of Energy to create a new federal research and development (R&D)
program focusing on ICT and the grid. We chose the name “GridWise.”
From the beginning, we understood that changes in the electric power sector would need to be
undertaken and accomplished as a public and private partnership that included federal and state
lawmakers and regulators, as well as traditional power industry stakeholders. In 2003, as politi-
cal winds blew cold and the Senate’s interest waned, we launched the GridWise Alliance with
six founding member companies. Our mission was to advocate for prudent changes to policies
that would encourage innovation and new technologies to be deployed across the electricity sector.
While we were still finalizing the incorporation papers for the Alliance, a major blackout spread
across the Northeastern U.S. and parts of Canada, leaving 55 million people without power, some
for days and weeks. At the time, it was the world’s second most widespread blackout in history. The
cause was traced to a software glitch in an alarm system in a control room in Ohio. Suffice to say it
was preventable, and yet it served to draw federal attention back to the issue of grid modernization
and helped to solidify the importance and relevance of the Alliance’s mission.
In early 2007, the Alliance was asked to provide input to a new energy bill, and by the end of
that year, President Bush signed into law the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA
2007). Title XIII of the legislation contained a number of key provisions that would fundamentally
support the Alliance’s mission and, indeed, support the broader power industry need to modernize.
Title XIII’s opening paragraph stated: “It is the policy of the United States to support the moderniza-
tion of the Nation’s electricity transmission and distribution system to maintain a reliable and secure
electricity infrastructure that can meet future demand growth….” Henceforth, grid modernization
ix