Small animal toxicology

886 Pages·2010·20.713 MB·English

by  Gary D Osweiler, et al

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Blackwell’s Five-Minute
Veterinary Consult
Clinical Companion
Small Animal
Toxicology
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Blackwell’s Five-Minute
Veterinary Consult
Clinical Companion
Small Animal
Toxicology
Gary D. Osweiler, DVM, MS, PhD, DABVT
Lynn R. Hovda, RPH, DVM, MS, DACVIM
Ahna G. Brutlag, DVM
Justine A. Lee, DVM, DACVECC
A John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Publication
Edition fi rst published 2011
© 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Blackwell’s five-minute veterinary consult clinical companion. Small animal toxicology / Gary D. Osweiler
... [et al.].
p. ; cm. – (Blackwell’s five-minute veterinary consult series)
Other title: Small animal toxicology
Other title: Five-minute veterinary consult clinical companion
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-8138-1985-3 (pbk. : alk. paper)
1. Veterinary toxicology–Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Osweiler, Gary D. II. Title: Small animal
toxicology. III. Title: Five-minute veterinary consult clinical companion. IV. Series: Five minute
veterinary consult.
[DNLM: 1. Poisoning–veterinary–Handbooks. 2. Veterinary Drugs–toxicity–
Handbooks. 3. Animals, Domestic–Handbooks. SF 757.5 B632 2010]
SF757.5.B63 2010
636.089'59–dc22
2010016558
9780813819853
A catalog record for this book is available from the U.S. Library of Congress.
Set in 10.5 on 13 pt Berkeley by Toppan Best-set Premedia Limited
Printed in Singapore
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1 2011
Dedication
This Clinical Companion book in small animal toxicology is a specialty
extension of The 5 - Minute Veterinary Consult: Canine and Feline by Drs. Larry
Tilley and Frank Smith. We are grateful for their vision and innovation which
fostered this clinical specialty series. The book owes its completion to our many
excellent authors and to the associated editors whose breadth, depth and
perseverance supported a timely completion.
Thanks also to thoughtful veterinary colleagues who have shared their questions,
experiences and wisdom over the years to provide us a daily education in
toxicology as a clinical specialty. On a personal note, I thank Sue and our
children and grandchildren whose enthusiastic interest in animals is a
continuing reminder of the world we share with the animals around us.
— Gary Osweiler
To old friends, many gone but never forgotten, and to Bob and Tyne, the
anchors in my life.
— Lynn R. Hovda
I would like to dedicate this book to my colleagues at Pet Poison Helpline. My
interest in toxicology has been sparked, nurtured, and sustained by their
mentorship, knowledge and enthusiasm. I am deeply grateful for their continued
support and friendship. In addition, I would like to thank my partner Nathan for
his patience and love (and for cooking me dinner every night).
— Ahna G. Brutlag
To my parents, Ting and Anna, for their wisdom and faith, and to Dan and JP,
for being the calm to my craziness.
— Justine A. Lee
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Contents
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xii
Contributor List. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiv
section 1 Clinical Toxicology
chapter 1 Decontamination and Detoxifi cation of the Poisoned Patient . . . . . . 5
chapter 2 Emergency Management of the Poisoned Patient. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
chapter 3 Antidotes and Other Useful Drugs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
chapter 4 Laboratory Diagnostics for Toxicology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
section 2 Specifi c Toxicants
Alcohols and Glycol Ethers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
chapter 5 Alcohols (Ethanol, Methanol, Isopropanol) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
chapter 6 Ethylene Glycol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
chapter 7 Propylene Glycol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Construction and Industrial Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
chapter 8 Glues/Adhesives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
chapter 9 Hydrocarbons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
chapter 10 Hydrofl uoric Acid. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Drugs: Human Prescription . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
chapter 11 5-Fluorouracil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
chapter 12 Albuterol. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
chapter 13 Amphetamines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
chapter 14 Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
chapter 15 Atypical Antipsychotics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
chapter 16 Baclofen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
chapter 17 Benzodiazepines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
vii
viii CONTENTS
chapter 18 Beta-Blockers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
chapter 19 Calcipotriene/Calcipotriol. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
chapter 20 Calcium Channel Blockers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
chapter 21 Diuretics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
chapter 22 Opiates and Opioids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
chapter 23 Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Drugs: Illicit and Recreational . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
chapter 24 Club Drugs (MDMA, GHB, and Flunitrazepam) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
chapter 25 Cocaine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
chapter 26 LSD (Lysergic Acid Diethylamide). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
chapter 27 Marijuana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
chapter 28 Methamphetamine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
chapter 29 Miscellaneous Hallucinogens and Dissociative Agents . . . . . . . . . . 237
chapter 30 Opiates and Opioids (Illicit) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
chapter 31 PCP (Phencyclidine) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
Drugs: Over-the-Counter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
chapter 32 Acetaminophen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
chapter 33 Antitussives/Expectorants (Dextromethorphan). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270
chapter 34 Aspirin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
chapter 35 Decongestants (Pseudoephedrine, Phenylephrine). . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
chapter 36 Human NSAIDs (Ibuprofen, Naproxen). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292
chapter 37 Imidazoline Decongestants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300
chapter 38 Nicotine/Tobacco. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306
chapter 39 Vitamins and Minerals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
Drugs: Veterinary Prescription. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
chapter 40 Alpha2-Adrenergic Agonists (Detomidine, Dexmedetomidine,
Romifi dine, Xylazine). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327
chapter 41 Ivermectin/Milbemycin/Moxidectin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332
chapter 42 Phenylpropanolamine (PPA). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343
chapter 43 Pimobendan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349
chapter 44 Veterinary NSAIDs (Carprofen, Deracoxib, Firocoxib, Ketoprofen,
Meloxicam, Tepoxalin). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354
Envenomations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363
chapter 45 Black Widow Spiders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365
chapter 46 Brown Recluse Spiders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370