Sickle Cell Anemia and Thalassemia: Transplantation Michael J. Eckrich, MD MPH November 2011 Objectives • Provide overview of hemoglobinopathies: – Sickle cell disease and Thalassemia • Discuss approaches to therapy • Review recent registry collaboration for treatment of hemoglobinopathies • Highlight importance of careful data collection for these studies Hemoglobinopathies “Quantitative disorder versus Qualitative disorder” • Two broad categories: • Quantitative‐ – Decreased production – ex. Thalassemias • Qualitative‐ – Production of abnormal chains – ex. Sickle Cell Disease Hemoglobin • Defects in globin chain – Deletions • Defects in globin chain – Point mutations Image courtesy of McGill University, www.alexandriahealthlibrary.ca Thalassemia Major: Ineffective erythropoiesis Therapy for Thalassemia • Transfusions – Monthly for life – Correct anemia • Hyper‐transfuse to suppress erythropoiesis1 – Prevent bone complications – Improve growth and development2 • Chelation needed to treat iron overload 1Kattamis et al. Growth of Children with Thalassemia: Effect of Different Transfusion Regimens. Archives of Disease in Childhood. 1970. Vol 45 502 2Soliman AT et al. Growth and pubertal development in transfusion dependent children and adolscents with thalssemia major. Journal of Tropical Pediatrics. 1999. Vol. 45; 23‐30 Iron Accumulation Iron stores increase Capacity of transferrin exceeded Unbound iron accumulates Toxicity: Cardiac, hepatic, endocrine Courtesy of: Cardiothoracic and vascular atlas, meduweb.com Alternative Therapy Angelucci et al Allogeneic stem cell transplantation for thalassemia major. . Haematologica. 2008 Vol 93, 1780‐1784 • Results of 900 consecutive matched sibling HCTs for thalassemia Frequency of HCT for Thalassemia Angelucci et al Allogeneic stem cell transplantation for thalassemia major. Haematologica. 2008 Vol 93, 1780‐ 1784. Background • Sickle cell disease (SCD) – Multisystem disease process affects more than 80,000 individuals in the United States alone • Disproportionally affects African‐Americans • Prevalence of SCD in US: 1/5,000 live births • 2,000 newborns born each year in the United States
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