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SEXUAL SUSPECTS SEXUAL SUSPECTS EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY PLAYERS AND SEXUAL IDEOLOGY Kristina Straub PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY COPYRIGHT1992BYPRINCETONUNIVERSITYPRESS PUBLISHEDBYPRINCETONUNIVERSITYPRESS,41WILLIAMSTREET, PRINCETON,NEWJERSEY08540 INTHEUNITEDKINGDOM:PRINCETONUNIVERSITYPRESS,OXFORD ALLRIGHTSRESERVED LIBRARYOFCONGRESSCATALOGING-IN-PUBLISHINGDATA STRAUB,KRISTINA,1951– SEXUALSUSPECTS:EIGHTEENTH-CENTURYPLAYERSANDSEXUALIDEOLOGY/ KRISTINASTRAUB. P. CM. INCLUDESBIBLIOGRAPHICALREFERENCESANDINDEX. ISBN0-691-06898-4(CL)—ISBN0-691-01515-5(PB) 1.THEATERANDSOCIETY—ENGLAND. 2.ACTORS—ENGLAND—SEXUAL BEHAVIOR. 3.SOCIALSTRUCTURE—ENGLAND. 4.SEXROLE. 5.IDENTITY (PSYCHOLOGY) 6.ENGLAND—CIVILIZATION—18THCENTURY. I.TITLE. PN2049.S68 1992 91-22700 THISBOOKHASBEENCOMPOSEDINLINOTRONBASKERVILLE PRINCETONUNIVERSITYPRESSBOOKSAREPRINTED ONACID-FREEPAPER,ANDMEETTHEGUIDELINESFOR PERMANENCEANDDURABILITYOFTHECOMMITTEEON PRODUCTIONGUIDELINESFORBOOKLONGEVITY OFTHECOUNCILONLIBRARYRESOURCES PRINTEDINTHEUNITEDSTATESOFAMERICA 1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2 1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2 (PBK.) This book is dedicated to Danae Clark COMPANION EXTRAORDINAIRE CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ix I OcularAffairs TheGenderingofEighteenth-CenturySpectacle 3 II ColleyCibber’sButt TheConstructionofActors’Masculinity 24 III ColleyCibber’sFops ActorsandHomophobia 47 IV MenfromBoys Cibber,Pope,andtheSchoolboy 69 V TheConstructionofActresses’Femininity 89 VI GeorgeAnneBellamy TheActressasSentimentalVictim 109 VII TheGuiltyPleasuresofFemaleTheatricalCross-Dressing andtheAutobiographyofCharlotteCharke 127 VIII BodiesinPain TheSubjectionofPlayers 151 NOTES 175 WORKSCITED 181 INDEX 191 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS T HERESEARCHandwritingofthisbookhavebeenhelpedby a number of individuals and two institutions. My personal debtsaretoJenniferBrady,MitchellGreenberg,andJudith Rooffortheirsuggestionsandsupportinreadingearlyversionsofthe firstchapter.NinaShandloffandMontyDavishelpedtohouseand recuperatemeduringamarathonsessionattheBritishLibrary.My colleaguesPaulSmithandGaryWallergavemevaluablefeedbackon twodifferentversionsofthechapteronCharlotteCharke.JuliaEp- stein’sfineeyeimprovedthischapteraswell.PaulaBackscheiderpro- videdusefulinformationaboutGeorgeAnneBellamy’s“autobiogra- phy,”supportivefeedback,andacopyofEgerton’smemoirofAnne Oldfield. My readers for Princeton—Nancy Armstrong and James Thomp- son—wereexemplaryintheirthoroughandsearchingreportsonthe manuscript.TheyhelpedmeseehowIcouldwritethebookIfinally produced.IalsowanttothankmyeditoratPrinceton,RobertBrown, forhispatience,support,andcalmvoiceonthetelephone.Lauren Lepow’seditingofthemanuscriptwasalessoninscholarlycareand stylisticfinesse. Finally,amongindividualsupporters,Imustsingleoutmythenstu- dent,ChristopherWenger,forcollaboratingwithmeontheoriginary ideaforthisproject.WithouthisreadingofColleyCibber’sLetterto Mr.Pope,IwouldnothavebeguntheworkthatledtoSexualSuspects. AgrantfromtheAmericanCouncilofLearnedSocietiesenabled metotakethetimeofffromteachingthatIneededforresearch.Car- negieMellonUniversityallowedmetorearrangemyteachingsched- ulearoundthistime.IalsowanttothankmycolleaguesontheFaculty ResearchandDevelopmentCommitteeatCMUwhogavemefundsto traveltolibrariesandcollections. Portionsofchapters2and3appearedinGenre23(Fall1990),and versions of chapter 4 and chapter 7 appeared, respectively, in The EighteenthCentury:TheoryandInterpretation(forthcoming)andinBody Guards:TheCulturalPoliticsofGenderAmbiguity,editedbymyselfand JuliaEpstein,RoutledgePress,1991.Ithankallthreepressesfortheir permissionstoreprint. Iowematerialandmoralsupporttomyfriendsandcolleaguesat Miami University and Carnegie Mellon. I want to acknowledge my luck in belonging to two such supportive intellectual communities over the course of writing this book. I cannot thank three people x ACKNOWLEDGMENTS enoughfortheirstimulationandsupport.NatAndersonhasbeenmy modelforintellectualflexibilityandcomplexityforfifteenyearsnow. Shewillalwaysbeamajorcontributortomywork.DanaeClark’swrit- ingandconversation allowed me tothink throughproblems that I never would have even thought of without her. I also owe Julia Ep- steinmylovingthanksforsharingherintellectualandpoliticalinter- estsandprojectswithmeforthepastsixyears.

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From the Restoration through the eighteenth century, the sexuality of actors and actresses was written about in ways that stirred the public imagination: actors were frequently suspected of heterosexual promiscuity or labeled effeminate or even as "sodomites," and actresses were often viewed as pros
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SEXUAL SUSPECTS SEXUAL SUSPECTS EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY PLAYERS AND SEXUAL IDEOLOGY Kristina Straub PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY COPYRIGHT1992BYPRINCETONUNIVERSITYPRESS PUBLISHEDBYPRINCETONUNIVERSITYPRESS,41WILLIAMSTREET, PRINCETON,NEWJERSEY08540 INTHEUNITEDKINGDOM:PRINCETONUNIVERSITYPRESS,OXFORD ALLRIGHTSRESERVED LIBRARYOFCONGRESSCATALOGING-IN-PUBLISHINGDATA STRAUB,KRISTINA,1951– SEXUALSUSPECTS:EIGHTEENTH-CENTURYPLAYERSANDSEXUALIDEOLOGY/ KRISTINASTRAUB. P. CM. INCLUDESBIBLIOGRAPHICALREFERENCESANDINDEX. ISBN0-691-06898-4(CL)—ISBN0-691-01515-5(PB) 1.THEATERANDSOCIETY—ENGLAND. 2.ACTORS—ENGLAND—SEXUAL BEHAVIOR. 3.SOCIALSTRUCTURE—ENGLAND. 4.SEXROLE. 5.IDENTITY (PSYCHOLOGY) 6.ENGLAND—CIVILIZATION—18THCENTURY. I.TITLE. PN2049.S68 1992 91-22700 THISBOOKHASBEENCOMPOSEDINLINOTRONBASKERVILLE PRINCETONUNIVERSITYPRESSBOOKSAREPRINTED ONACID-FREEPAPER,ANDMEETTHEGUIDELINESFOR PERMANENCEANDDURABILITYOFTHECOMMITTEEON PRODUCTIONGUIDELINESFORBOOKLONGEVITY OFTHECOUNCILONLIBRARYRESOURCES PRINTEDINTHEUNITEDSTATESOFAMERICA 1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2 1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2 (PBK.) This book is dedicated to Danae Clark COMPANION EXTRAORDINAIRE CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ix I OcularAffairs TheGenderingofEighteenth-CenturySpectacle 3 II ColleyCibber’sButt TheConstructionofActors’Masculinity 24 III ColleyCibber’sFops ActorsandHomophobia 47 IV MenfromBoys Cibber,Pope,andtheSchoolboy 69 V TheConstructionofActresses’Femininity 89 VI GeorgeAnneBellamy TheActressasSentimentalVictim 109 VII TheGuiltyPleasuresofFemaleTheatricalCross-Dressing andtheAutobiographyofCharlotteCharke 127 VIII BodiesinPain TheSubjectionofPlayers 151 NOTES 175 WORKSCITED 181 INDEX 191 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS T HERESEARCHandwritingofthisbookhavebeenhelpedby a number of individuals and two institutions. My personal debtsaretoJenniferBrady,MitchellGreenberg,andJudith Rooffortheirsuggestionsandsupportinreadingearlyversionsofthe firstchapter.NinaShandloffandMontyDavishelpedtohouseand recuperatemeduringamarathonsessionattheBritishLibrary.My colleaguesPaulSmithandGaryWallergavemevaluablefeedbackon twodifferentversionsofthechapteronCharlotteCharke.JuliaEp- stein’sfineeyeimprovedthischapteraswell.PaulaBackscheiderpro- videdusefulinformationaboutGeorgeAnneBellamy’s“autobiogra- phy,”supportivefeedback,andacopyofEgerton’smemoirofAnne Oldfield. My readers for Princeton—Nancy Armstrong and James Thomp- son—wereexemplaryintheirthoroughandsearchingreportsonthe manuscript.TheyhelpedmeseehowIcouldwritethebookIfinally produced.IalsowanttothankmyeditoratPrinceton,RobertBrown, forhispatience,support,andcalmvoiceonthetelephone.Lauren Lepow’seditingofthemanuscriptwasalessoninscholarlycareand stylisticfinesse. Finally,amongindividualsupporters,Imustsingleoutmythenstu- dent,ChristopherWenger,forcollaboratingwithmeontheoriginary ideaforthisproject.WithouthisreadingofColleyCibber’sLetterto Mr.Pope,IwouldnothavebeguntheworkthatledtoSexualSuspects. AgrantfromtheAmericanCouncilofLearnedSocietiesenabled metotakethetimeofffromteachingthatIneededforresearch.Car- negieMellonUniversityallowedmetorearrangemyteachingsched- ulearoundthistime.IalsowanttothankmycolleaguesontheFaculty ResearchandDevelopmentCommitteeatCMUwhogavemefundsto traveltolibrariesandcollections. Portionsofchapters2and3appearedinGenre23(Fall1990),and versions of chapter 4 and chapter 7 appeared, respectively, in The EighteenthCentury:TheoryandInterpretation(forthcoming)andinBody Guards:TheCulturalPoliticsofGenderAmbiguity,editedbymyselfand JuliaEpstein,RoutledgePress,1991.Ithankallthreepressesfortheir permissionstoreprint. Iowematerialandmoralsupporttomyfriendsandcolleaguesat Miami University and Carnegie Mellon. I want to acknowledge my luck in belonging to two such supportive intellectual communities over the course of writing this book. I cannot thank three people x ACKNOWLEDGMENTS enoughfortheirstimulationandsupport.NatAndersonhasbeenmy modelforintellectualflexibilityandcomplexityforfifteenyearsnow. Shewillalwaysbeamajorcontributortomywork.DanaeClark’swrit- ingandconversation allowed me tothink throughproblems that I never would have even thought of without her. I also owe Julia Ep- steinmylovingthanksforsharingherintellectualandpoliticalinter- estsandprojectswithmeforthepastsixyears.

Description:
From the Restoration through the eighteenth century, the sexuality of actors and actresses was written about in ways that stirred the public imagination: actors were frequently suspected of heterosexual promiscuity or labeled effeminate or even as "sodomites," and actresses were often viewed as pros
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