Sexual Harassment of Women Climate, Culture, and Consequences in Academic Sciences PDF
Preview Sexual Harassment of Women Climate, Culture, and Consequences in Academic Sciences
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS This PDF is available at http://nap.edu/24994 SHARE Sexual Harassment of Women Climate, Culture, and Consequences in Academic Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine DETAILS 310 pages | 6 x 9 | PAPERBACK ISBN 978-0-309-47087-2 | DOI 10.17226/24994 CONTRIBUTORS GET THIS BOOK Committee on the Impacts of Sexual Harassment in Academic Science, Engineering, and Medicine; Committee on Women in Science, Engineering, and Medicine; Policy and Global Affairs; National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine FIND RELATED TITLES Visit the National Academies Press at NAP.edu and login or register to get: – Access to free PDF downloads of thousands of scientific reports – 10% off the price of print titles – Email or social media notifications of new titles related to your interests – Special offers and discounts Distribution, posting, or copying of this PDF is strictly prohibited without written permission of the National Academies Press. (Request Permission) Unless otherwise indicated, all materials in this PDF are copyrighted by the National Academy of Sciences. Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Sexual Harassment of Women Climate, Culture, and Consequences in Academic Sciences, Engineering, and... SEXUAL HARASSMENT OF WOMEN: Climate, Culture, and Consequences in Academic Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Paula A. Johnson, Sheila E. Widnall, and Frazier F. Benya, Editors Committee on the Impacts of Sexual Harassment in Academia Committee on Women in Science, Engineering, and Medicine Policy and Global Affairs A Consensus Study Report of PREPUBLICATION COPY—Uncorrected Proofs Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Sexual Harassment of Women Climate, Culture, and Consequences in Academic Sciences, Engineering, ... THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001 This activity was supported by contracts between the National Academy of Sciences and Na- tional Science Foundation (Award # OIA-164492), the National Aeronautics and Space Ad- ministration (Award #10003408), National Institutes of Health (Award #HHSN26300101), National Institute of Standards and Technology (Award # SB134117CQ0017/18105), Na- tional Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Award # WC133R-11-CQ-0048, TO#14), the Burroughs Wellcome Fund, the Henry Luce Foundation, and the Howard Hughes Medi- cal Institute. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of any organization or agency that provided support for the project. International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309- International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309- Digital Object Identifier: https://doi.org/10.17226/24994 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018941721 Additional copies of this publication are available for sale from the National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Keck 360, Washington, DC 20001; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313; http://www.nap.edu. p Copyright 2018 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America Suggested citation: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Sexual Harassment of Women: Climate, Culture, and Consequences in Academic Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: https:// doi.org/10.17226/24994. PREPUBLICATION COPY—Uncorrected Proofs Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Sexual Harassment of Women Climate, Culture, and Consequences in Academic Sciences, Engineering, ... The National Academy of Sciences was established in 1863 by an Act of Congress, signed by President Lincoln, as a private, nongovernmental institu- tion to advise the nation on issues related to science and technology. Members are elected by their peers for outstanding contributions to research. Dr. Marcia McNutt is president. The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964 under the char- ter of the National Academy of Sciences to bring the practices of engineering to advising the nation. Members are elected by their peers for extraordinary contributions to engineering. Dr. C. D. Mote, Jr., is president. The National Academy of Medicine (formerly the Institute of Medicine) was established in 1970 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences to advise the nation on medical and health issues. Members are elected by their peers for distinguished contributions to medicine and health. Dr. Victor J. Dzau is president. The three Academies work together as the National Academies of Sciences, Engi neering, and Medicine to provide independent, objective analysis and advice to the nation and conduct other activities to solve complex problems and inform public policy decisions. The National Academies also encourage education and research, recognize outstanding contributions to knowledge, and increase public understanding in matters of science, engineering, and medicine. Learn more about the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine at www.nationalacademies.org. PREPUBLICATION COPY—Uncorrected Proofs Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Sexual Harassment of Women Climate, Culture, and Consequences in Academic Sciences, Engineering, ... Consensus Study Reports published by the National Academies of Sciences, Engi neering, and Medicine document the evidence-based consensus on the study’s statement of task by an authoring committee of experts. Reports typi- cally include findings, conclusions, and recommendations based on information gathered by the committee and the committee’s deliberations. Each report has been subjected to a rigorous and independent peer-review process and it represents the position of the National Academies on the statement of task. Proceedings published by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine chronicle the presentations and discussions at a workshop, symposium, or other event convened by the National Academies. The statements and opinions contained in proceedings are those of the participants and are not endorsed by other participants, the planning committee, or the National Academies. For information about other products and activities of the National Academies, please visit www.nationalacademies.org/about/whatwedo. PREPUBLICATION COPY—Uncorrected Proofs Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Sexual Harassment of Women Climate, Culture, and Consequences in Academic Sciences, Engineering, ... COMMITTEE ON THE IMPACTS OF SEXUAL HARASSMENT IN ACADEMIA PAULA A. JOHNSON (NAM) (Co-Chair), President, Wellesley College SHEILA E. WIDNALL (NAE) (Co-Chair), Institute Professor, Massachusetts Institute of Technology ALICE M. AGOGINO (NAE), Roscoe and Elizabeth Hughes Professor of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley NICHOLAS ARNOLD, Professor of Engineering, Santa Barbara City College GILDA A. BARABINO, Daniel and Frances Berg Professor, Dean of the Grove School of Engineering, the City College of New York KATHRYN B. H. CLANCY, Associate Professor of Anthropology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign LILIA CORTINA, Professor of Psychology, Women’s Studies, and Management and Organizations, University of Michigan AMY DODRILL, Vice President and General Manager, Trumpf Medical USA LISA GARCIA BEDOLLA, Professor, Graduate School of Education, and Director, Institute of Governmental Studies, University of California, Berkeley LIZA H. GOLD, Clinical Professor of Psychiatry, Georgetown University School of Medicine MELVIN GREER, Chief Data Scientist, Americas, Intel Corporation LINDA GUNDERSEN, Scientist Emeritus, U.S. Geological Survey ELIZABETH L. HILLMAN, President, Mills College TIMOTHY R.B. JOHNSON, (NAM), Arthur F. Thurnau Professor, Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Professor of Women’s Studies, University of Michigan ANNA KIRKLAND, Arthur F. Thurnau Professor, Professor of Women’s Studies and Director, Institute for Research on Women and Gender, University of Michigan EDWARD LAZOWSKA (NAE), Bill & Melinda Gates Chair, Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington VICKI MAGLEY, Professor of Psychology, University of Connecticut ROBERTA MARINELLI, Dean, College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University CONSTANCE A. MORELLA, Former Congresswoman JOHN B. PRYOR, Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Psychology, Illinois State University BILLY M. WILLIAMS, Vice President for Ethics, Diversity, and Inclusion, American Geophysical Union v PREPUBLICATION COPY—Uncorrected Proofs Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Sexual Harassment of Women Climate, Culture, and Consequences in Academic Sciences, Engineering, ... Study Staff FRAZIER BENYA, Study Director AUSTEN APPLEGATE, Senior Program Assistant (from May 2017) ASHLEY BEAR, Program Officer ALLISON BERGER, Senior Program Assistant (from September 2017) JAIME COLEMAN, Senior Program Assistant (November 2016 to December 2017) ADRIANA COUREMBIS, Financial Officer FRED LESTINA, Senior Program Assistant (from December 2017) MARIA LUND DAHLBERG, Program Officer IRENE NGUN, Research Associate THOMAS RUDIN, Director, Committee on Women in Science, Engineering, and Medicine Fellows ALEX HELMAN, Christine Mirzayan Science and Technology Policy Graduate Fellow (January 2018 to April 2018) KELLYANN JONES-JAMTGAARD, Christine Mirzayan Science and Technology Policy Graduate Fellow (January 2017 to April 2017) vi PREPUBLICATION COPY—Uncorrected Proofs Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Sexual Harassment of Women Climate, Culture, and Consequences in Academic Sciences, Engineering, ... COMMITTEE ON WOMEN IN SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND MEDICINE JOAN WENNSTROM BENNETT (Current Chair), Distinguished Professor of Plant Biology and Pathology, Associate Vice President in the Office for Promotion of Women in Science, Engineering, and Mathematics, Rutgers University (from January 2018) RITA R. COLWELL (Past Chair), Distinguished University Professor, University of Maryland, College Park, and Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health (until December 2017) ALICE M. AGOGINO, Roscoe and Elizabeth Hughes Professor of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley (until December 2017) CRISTINA H. AMON, Dean and Alumni Professor of Bioengineering, University of Toronto, Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering NANCY ANDREWS, Dean of the Duke University School of Medicine and Vice Chancellor for Academic Affairs, and Nanaline H. Duke Professor of Pediatrics and Professor of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University JOAN W. BENNETT, Distinguished Professor, Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, and Associate Vice President, Office for Promotion of Women in Science, Engineering, and Mathematics, Rutgers University MAY BERENBAUM, Professor and Head of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (from January 2018) EMERY N. BROWN, Taplin Professor of Medical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Warren M. Zapol Professor of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital ANA MARI CAUCE, President, University of Washington (from January 2018) JENNIFER T. CHAYES, Technical Fellow and Managing Director of Microsoft Research New England, Microsoft Research New York City, and Microsoft Research Maluuba, Montreal (until December 2017) VALERIE CONN, Executive Director, Science Philanthropy Alliance (from January 2018) MACHI DILWORTH, Vice President, Gender Equality and Human Resource Development, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (from January 2018) PAULA T. HAMMOND, David H. Koch Professor of Engineering, Department Head, Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology EVELYNN M. HAMMONDS, Barbara Gutmann Rosenkrantz Professor of the History of Science; Professor of African and African American Studies; Chair, Department of the History of Science, Harvard University vii PREPUBLICATION COPY—Uncorrected Proofs Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Sexual Harassment of Women Climate, Culture, and Consequences in Academic Sciences, Engineering, ... JANE E. HENNEY, Home Secretary, National Academy of Medicine (from May 2017) HILARY LAPIN-SCOTT, Senior Pro-Vice Chancellor, Swansea University, United Kingdom (from January 2018) ED LAZOWSKA, Bill & Melinda Gates Chair, Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington JULIA M. PHILLIPS, Home Secretary, National Academy of Engineering (from May 2017) VIVIAN W. PINN, Senior Scientist Emerita, Fogarty International Center; and Former Director, Office of Research on Women’s Health (Retired), National Institutes of Health (until December 2017) VALERIE TAYLOR, Director, Mathematics and Computer Science Division, U.S. Department of Energy’s Argonne National Laboratory SUSAN R. WESSLER, Neil A. and Rochelle A. Campbell Presidential Chair for Innovation in Science Education, University of California, Riverside SHELDON WEINBAUM, CUNY Distinguished Professor Emeritus, the City College of the City University of New York Committee Staff AUSTEN APPLEGATE, Senior Program Assistant (from May 2017) ASHLEY BEAR, Program Officer LIDA BENINSON, Program Officer FRAZIER BENYA, Program Officer ALLISON BERGER, Senior Program Assistant (from September 2017) JAIME COLMAN, Senior Program Assistant (November 2016 to December 2017) MARIA DAHLBERG, Program Officer LEIGH JACKSON, Senior Program Officer BARBARA NATALIZIO, Program Officer (from September 2017) IRENE NGUN, Research Associate LAYNE SCHERER, Program Officer THOMAS RUDIN, Director viii PREPUBLICATION COPY—Uncorrected Proofs Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Sexual Harassment of Women Climate, Culture, and Consequences in Academic Sciences, Engineering, ... Preface Throughout our careers we have worked to encourage women to pursue their interests and capabilities in science, engineering, and medicine. And we are delighted with the continual increase in the percentage of women in these fields. We have also worked to ensure a welcoming and safe environment in academia for women students, faculty, and staff. We believe that universities have a spe- cial responsibility to provide a welcoming and effective environment for women students. We believe that this report focuses on the issues that must be addressed for our communities to take the next step. Preventing and effectively addressing sexual harassment of women in col- leges and universities has remained a challenge for decades, but over that time a strong research base has been developed that reveals the true nature of sexual harassment and its impacts on women’s careers—and also reveals what can be done to successfully address it. The Committee on Women in Science, Engineer- ing, and Medicine developed the idea for this study on the Impacts of Sexual Harassment in Academia more than 2 years ago, and proposed that a special study committee be appointed to examine the research on sexual harassment to determine what could be done to prevent it in academic settings in science, engineering, and medicine. With this charge, our study committee of distinguished scientists, engineers, and physicians, and experts in sexual harassment research, legal studies, and psychology held a series of workshops and undertook a deep analysis of the literature to gather information for our study and to simultaneously help inform the broader community about the problem of sexual harassment. Over the course of the study, which was launched in late 2016, the topic rose in prominence in the national discourse, most significantly with the rise of the #MeToo movement, ix PREPUBLICATION COPY—Uncorrected Proofs Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
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