Sergio Franco Electric Circuits Fundamentals

945 Pages·2011·22.72 MB·English

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ELECTRIC CIRCUITS
FUNDAMENTALS

SERGIO FRANCO

Sac Francisco State University

ep [PA] 14S

*

SAUNDERS COLLEGE PUBLISHING
Harcourt Brace College Publishers
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Vighute Rruddies and Gigi Mudinde
FOREWORD

talape the res: imparan: of the eletécalet=

‘iscing euiculam, Be ceils conse Sess

Tang eupones. Flee and Feemoe, pees

Slosnital and computer ctginseing_ sudan
wth x object Funda to tai wesc zip,
Cire theory isa subject of Sinsis Beauly, wb,
chely aught ean excite and roca‘ sudo. Al
thug De on ta lao pisos. ciel ery aca
oe dea wit he nanidealies a practical sect sal el-
fons, at ees ne iil’, Rah, cui thoory eo
‘dose dbauaetin Hat orc ccetial agincers Abed
to deal with practical seus aod systems at fapber,
oncopeal level. somewhere botwser. nies ud eth

Second, “ve cizuis cose as an immediate tl
iewion ven: Fi quid ev propae the studs fet
ty sleds of slecnie circuits. Le woes lees. and
corpus: enginsring curtuls. Us fst course ia ele
works ocoureimmedielyfo.osing the cuits course
od cles ine on dio wehniquee of iret analy
Tearced in the cits eon,

This cat ale ofthe crete course Lyin one
st tho inert theoretical unions of elec
ogiocecing aed ean praca circuit aca eh
iques—toukes Er not just imprint yet bt ae
fons that is smear aoe tench, Sergi Fra
rece Chrewrs Furdamenais does wo cubtondig jo
ot fbi ts rle, It strkes wo asprupmate ble
teewors the chamacione neersary Yor the peoper
Alerting of iri fury al Ihe peti ee

ce raster the eshaigoes of enc seulyst. Whe subue
fccompliehss the itonlt tne by dveing on me ex
Sensivtexpicence both a¥ 3 cn eigen and
educator of electcal enginecrag. "Ihe resvk ws 4 rm
{estaion tht tower trom the pact he Tenet
fand Bick «0 Ue Jace wath eae 20 legis. I
ees so minis Keeping te sent motive al ete?
tern te cory. fo he applicnnen fe aay gh
fad the sll appears 0 be wt

‘Scied purpose a i ci ite core i nen
the shone tothe guage sr mbar of slash
sl engineering Here gts Franc deck an oxen
Jab. He ots dhe petri tale of aie tho we
frost avons. Hiding deh ecient eit lear
fa eerie age sali in the sade
fbi of aketstuaysucrst higrs borane veo

Tom the seagate tear of
econ cincit ral rseteer in hoary oa desig
Fe own one eat soho the fe
frente oi yi he anion end iis
fee yet cg Fo his ran Tse hat
[Morne Faas Fondant: S94 make at esl
feat hr tis rhetrc vei couse ad T plese to
Featimenl Hi ths rr

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PREFACE

bis book is devignod ts serve a5 tox for the
‘rs course or course Sequzace in cruisin an
clecuicalengiering curio. The wSt=q-
Uses or careguisits ar basi pistes ad cal
cus, Special "pics eich a: “feet equenone a
compiex algebra are toated inthe ext as Dey isc. tt
‘am be used in 9 ovo-semester er Huco-quiter oomGe
sequence, ori a sngle- semester cour.

The goal of the baak 28 cwoted. fa} teach die
owadtaGons of electric zeal and “6; t9 develop
thinkin se and x problem solsng methodology bared
‘on phosicut ish, This approach is esigaedo bene
Stents wlohe rest evi, a as
fn the rpily changing secbaniory tat they will ce
aiher gadusson,

‘Sh he sty ie Ue maton fr moe
other courses inthe electiah cuniculum, iti eet
‘hat we guide the ceade in devecp-ag an enginoeeing
grou rum ihe very bearing. Armed, vo the one
Ins, wath the deste to Beals apply the backgonad
of prerequisite mary courts. sod sversheleed, ob te
fer ye avelly vn! weak of the sobjea ma
ter sdents tend to focus ua the malheratics gover
ing a cron without developing a tel for its physical
eaten. ler ally Meo Bus ale
cal beuwly of 1s ov, and ony a textbook mck
Sizes ns ubstuctuspects Without subciet acention €@
in mcerlying phos primp al 19 mention 3
cat Quite lo the uimuary, we believe hat thee
ota sents cune co provide do eaganerng alince
het thn op eptenaon wa! pysient

be. Wher malsing exiting iced or ers
ing Hew one, engineers stat Lr pyc ii and
est to athe has ly Ei ee a
runs steric ores. Bus iv ube ne spi

of cogincomng, esos are ately chacked again
Dysial substance, noe mete snateatical abstain
‘This ie sepesaly tx in esnpute-aided sales sod
fesign, here real most be ined in tens of
town phsicel Bohavinr dents who ale oot given
fav ealy oppoianigy oo desc physical nud wi
sbeequoatly bave to do 50 op ther ov ia ace 10
function as enginoers. This bonk war writen peovide
{hissy oppweunicywithouraacesarily wasting doa
he cuaematicn igor.

‘AS an enor practioner of exec hoor. the
suthr fimly believes ata circuits saute shoud bs
ccompuniod by « Iabueatury c0 prods experineoul
teintneerent ofthe cheery at well a 0 intodoce the
Sent t inerunenation ad measurement, Waenever
te uppareniyarins we ater co Flute sanspts und
pincples a laboratary practice, but we do So withour
Aisraping the How of the watcial. Lacking a above
tony, house of SPICE shoul be promoted a asuttware
breadbosrd aernatve far aviag ou te cuts seem
in clue, Moreover. the Probe graphics poetrocessot
vulable with PSpice provides aa tts fora of sun
‘ware oseiloseupe for i> vsualizion of waveforms
sod warefer curves, Ulsmacely, hayever. the student
smut be simulned co inerpret SPICE resis totems
ef kaown poysioa Sebavior,

Pepagasy ano Approach

ee mari vere ry saab i ere Mae
selection, To prove exctmive concepiazaaun
cbluscating ie phyeal picture, we Uy 10 be ws wale
‘eeateallyigimn 9 needed Sweet
Student iver and italien, we aN, whee
(sth, rele de diy Wy reife sittin, Ia
his respec we in-mgoo des imines md mp
fers cally rvough to siate thy seule wth & tere
taste of rnaneing prctis. We G80 Mabe exons
te of th operctinal amplifier v0 pride » practiced
Slogtanne ni abseace ol Tbimcanl coneepls och
28 ingen rages ant foot hon ae
Always wha vigilant ese Bre uadedying yee
Sis. Tr-hccm ne een draw snugiesto nope eee
Systane suey mecha) wal Indautie sso

To contsly wth ABET" emphasis on iergaing
‘computer tale the cameo, the book promis
the ate f SPECK ew mncane or Aeeking the sls
ef hd exiles The features of SPICE i ins.
\luced gradual he aeed aries, We hue Kop SPICL:
faeragescporite Kom the vex the til eal
Iahapiceseriane tat som be omnted witht hi
‘vaio

{ah ebadsr hepis wih an Eryution ating
is breeives and it repo the pest cf fe nit
wens, and its wih a sun vi key pi
‘heaerer posit, chapters ad sens ave hee
igre to proces ow he elerwratars the noe Fm
pies. Subsers aseted by the spninl * ue opt
fad mas he skips withoot Iso ootnaty.

“The exes erspersed wits 2 worked eva
402 exercises, sal Hu e003 chapter probleme Te
iL oF the exanples s oe ely demons he
Fst mpltatien of the thcory, but yu te devel
“uineeingeppcouce i peobesn sony sed on oe
‘expos ended ops ition tthe ha
se procedures. We 46 that fe help the sine
iki" coe af bai pinples al cna: sad
Of loge he stent sil in ahs le apply these
ingles wad epee wo the actin olga rere a
‘ew ad eae cope probleme

2x eating the ramerons exanen, ge ass the
Inport of boing, inpestin, oral deinen
anil check rl we ghia eral pris by means
of remeks. Scud ae coon challenged > ques
tion wie Dice fing mn ye gnse and
sn aleve appucis «chav me vameeins of
hele els,

Tl exeries are signee to pute named
vsinfierment of the sents grasp geimsiples and
meting and te culo chapter prone are desig
to offer nivona prtee appernses. Lor Be eon
‘sien aden aa! inert alk the poems
have been Koved 0 ilieulal sects

give suns «beter ay ion fa ths I
san ort histecal ee of elsetealenginesting eth
shapes conta. eae or imervlew Sues hele
oraphies of snus vont. terse well
ana shed secticat miners and reenter nd

Content

Wotowing, i voc content essipdi. Ahinional
dais shi rarncle ceidaratcone sane oon ne
Snodatons inthe in. dal cee,

Chsporrs 1-4 ioc: hii ele ome, the
rnc, sf sages tecliquee freien tng oF
"sles stl sept ares, Bepetden| soca
{nd ebegy surge elms lve been esr let
"ples Hesoune we bec Ute sade sl se
levelop an waive Sel foe sane viet Te ae
tie estates ie id ty ean tet compe,
hut without Ssemicinggaueality, fcr ny fhe
lect and proces sat of the Inge paste ne 2g

Atcipaing 2 caceanest khentory we tnaluce
bus signal eves such as average and ont rele
fly an thot, The axis tres hr bth
ferro aot amy intvidund lererts But alan me pa
I. designed ws pune tee fv aehogk Ee
‘hévesin aed Nucom thse. Mock emplas
pliral on the compre of eqaectence, modeling.
x. and dhe use 1 tee some Ind eget te
sostnces. The wayne advan af cut there
tie demonstated ssi eus-pote eng lnces as 9
2s naninear lal sh 23 ie el ode somnete
USTs and MOSFE(S, Hence this beef caper
uulirearteeigues,designsdis proede aso afte
eleccones. 1 fs smimed witha es af sean

Chapter 5 sliceses dod soscoe an ttt

pls tthe meeting of simple twu-pows eh
ial eeensformers el orp Fois mtr Ue
‘ogaed 9 mcrae the reader artic epplicaion
aud shy to prove baer smo for aac
with We enya! Wels OF the esis cap A
divonsl apaicatoes age reseed fn Chapter tm
shi the 9p amp as vehols ‘We nase eho Fe
Sinieneauon cvs Whiter of tential eset 16
FE sajrs aad asnsuges aL te ca ceil
‘edu kb eral via Spice,
Chater 7-8 deal seh dhe rine Lomele analyte
iran omtsingenergrstntye wlan, THe
evssnn uf the masa eponne aryanios woergtie
‘eneerans. ‘The complete miponee (investigicd
Sa the foteatng aoe std In eed ey provi 3
Fras matin is atu. fred tame,
dy at and ae sreadyat compensa. Cape
cate wale wansient sponse of Restorer creuis
ictal awiixd nctwoebe and ihe ep, ples. and
tle tain roepensoe of RC and RE prt: Chace 9
Invesigales taneeos is REG and thee sscondoedee

‘SiniGeant azenton is devord to conslatng 1e-
pve chataterites er froin ae + pan. 18
ih ros we empastte the ome of he op amp toc
fect won actin conta th for ft-dice aesecond-
der enous. and Ws tnverigas the psi! asi of
Niwvercg. stad, ab ergo tapanse, We fol
‘har coining simple physical insight wh he pice
innmediary of s-plan diagrams should hep densa
"he snail i atsipaton of the network Functions and
tanafoem ehcor af ubsequsnt chap. Howser. de
pending om crveular emphasis he plane material can
he winied wihror tre of eatin.

‘Chapters 10-13 saver ac cies. After iosodue-
ang pour’ a8 sophie mcans 9 emhasize amplitude
and phase angle, ee use tmedowaincochnigues to de
velop 2 basis raderetanding ef o circuit sebusor, es
esl dhe feguency response and ts reluonshp 1
tho tansicnt response. Then, we develop phasor tcl
riques and the concap Gf a impedaace to insligae
Scywner, polyphate tite. and ae resmeanse. and "2
iusnats poetical appzationscheteof Te puewids the
reoder witha faoase of eloraics, se os wie te op
tip t detonate fipevance notomarions ns Well
1 resins oharateisice contol in indactoners
js: ut. spain this outers cm be erated shut
loss of sooty

Recogezing the diicubies encountered by she be
sloner ia tying ta scone cempier vices und pi
leat cleats, te usp the corespeadences dxjte + fo
fad jad o> Xi t iwsduee phaser ages tom
a tirdodoouin peispeti and we ee vlep the subject
froma decidedly circuit Viewpoint. Moreover, we give
coun! weigh to single equency phusor analyse for 3€
prec and variaheegnency aan ler cuOCURiL-
‘ion aod sigan processing

Chapter 1d generalizes ac fceiguer 10 neve
fuction rechniquey in coler vo prove ell ap

Prejace

prassh 0 the sty of the nota, fnced, trae,
eadpinte and conplee vesponst a wll the
_gueneysspesie. The physical sgiicace of zoe and
poss 8 invecgned ip depah lang 30 he lft oF
‘heir s-paneTocaticn upon the churctecses of he ee
ious responses. Tho chaptor emphasizes inet
and yng vexitatens ad proiies exer
‘teamect of Bade dgyams, ochding the xe ef Pie
to goneurs Requoncy plots of rework tuoi

‘eave chose 1 nel nelworh ine:
somplex exponendal signal, raher Un vn Laon
trast, to comply with the many cureul nt dete
Ueplace eo eource ober tun seis cams, Ha, iP
desied, one can eeamags te oie by oie the
fast pait of Chapter 14 ad appening the reminder 0
the end et Chaper 16, which covers Lipa mst

‘Chapter 15 dacuises no-pore naneors, audi
plies the tea-port concept ub well ay nelrk action
‘ostnlqies to The sty UT cape ce Tow nes
[ements god modetiag re ivsote vig » saree
trample, inolaiog mans smplfrs tt ies wane
foonen.

‘Chapters 16 and 37 provide on intact 1 Ca
place and Fourier techangues. Live (0 oUt intent to
rvcced Irom the element fo the rc apes,
resent the Lupace apprach ws genralvaticn o the
Tetwork-timcbon approach of Chapter le. Using eae
ely ul example, sertontene ss aii 9 am
totate ser mse ff fiona, to sone
fer the ina! conditions aatomarisals and © provide
tmuce syste Hk etna te tine doen and he
Frequence-domrin behieue Wf cit via the ii
‘value und ful-vulie taeorems, he faglee expan,
‘od comin “The teen sen else ba
Sis ofthe sep a oops respunsc, and he rarl
od forces response comers.

‘rier techniques ute pened a ast aeena-
ive fe Laplice terigns fn ses sma in which
the fous the information and cosy contoot of a
gt we wells the nana ich eek pravestee
{his coment Though sae ure itrindace Fourier
belore Laplace, our die 19 emphasise Laplase a> a
‘iat coal wl a ter a «spats pressing
‘ool bl of inal Taplace AE a8 general
seaon ofthe aetnork fonction method. Morovse, eH
tog te Ree nim could be fagodaced on
totem, fal 3 physica rote enlightening it
‘naitemaiallysnmewar lee egorour—t inode

fn Tg ta of the Foi serie.
xi Preface

Applications ef hath Mh: Foner seies and ttm=
foc ae cetouststed va vay of sign ad inva
eargles emphasing fu an vipat spectra Mee
Dar ibe eects of lari, arehlvaauted oh th
tiene Gori rod ths foeueney domain, We culos
wh practical compatons wt the Laplace and Furr

Course Oprions

That book com he aod Uk a bon semester 97 a dvs
quam cosre sqpenee, ce ina sanyteesnsecr cours,

Tw s peepee sccuetuc Ihe Eat seneste pi
cally envers the muti up br ae poser (Setion 122),
tnd the sec Semen covets the reminder of he
text. Tn three-quarter sequen: the material ca be
sudivided os falls: Chaplen | 3, Chpars 0-14,
and Chasers 15-17

Bur ead somsser course wr: identity ovo op
Hons: An onnen empbaszing anal ecngiet a
overng aggmoxinately the sate mtr “ae fist
sous of he twu-semastr sequence: am option empha
Bizng speciale rene nad dha including spect chap
tory ar Sess, Ag emphasis in yrnver weld include
Sostion 5s sll ef Chapter. el the weve Ha of
Chapt 13; an emphasis in cdesmorce ond include
Section 5.2, Chapter and pare né Copter Tn om
Bhass nyse wevie include Chapters 8. 914, 1
tid T7 TS sate omisions ileal loss of com
uty, che options oer enifie by the cymbal #
uy cpp the ed oF sectin or sptet,

‘SUPPLEMENTS

"he following sd or ister al ska unl
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AcknowLeDeMents

{ie development this tt hat iavedse a thorough
Drage of reviewing, tr beer pyro ant en
Sal anton a6 well lye aocuntey. Many rollogues
free invevel in thie yoocess. This cnibutons ae
nelly asinoitedged

Douglas B.Reasin, Michigan Telos!

‘Unter

sete R. Buy, osrwestern Calves

Fete Derate, Catv of Hee Hesice

Joba A. Fleming, ra Add Cnisens

Cory E Feud. University ef Caine Paris

William { Jameson, In, Motana Sate Givers

Bruce E, Johansen, Ohio Martin Cnivens

noes 5. Kang, Coflrmia Peta Se
Unisertny Pema

uber: P Lanes, Griversiy of Minsnsno

Robert 3. Misha, the Oto Sate Pasig

Mubaood Nabwi, Caljaonte Pte Sate
ners. San Fae bp

ny has the feu noup paris eee
ef sggestons:

ogee Conus, tinier of tvait—Chicse
Uecin Hal Pads of in—Tikune

Sole ic. Orson Sime Onberits

Michael Lighmer Coivercty of Colonnds

Wan Redd Calon Sare Civersiy—tony each
Mec Soderstand, Uninersiy of Calforua Sis

he acucasy ofthe esa. esc a prob
Terms wap earful sheekel dining ments, galleys,
An page meet stages by Tames King (Cada Pole
‘evfous State Ustreriy Bomeoo , Mahaoe. Bae
Califeria Poivetnis Sea Uveenny Sas Hatt
Ohispal and tamss Bswlane (Civerats of Kanes
“ear earl sd digant wh fs prac appre,
Tsai, Lwish tn, Adel Seda f he Toric
veniry af Toronto For is encroragement ard gun,
fet ene mes toc her esc al wring he i.
ovis a tiggrpbicalesiys. a grateful er the
Deh atl devation oF the Soemien wall expsilly