September-October 1968 ANTARCTIC JOURNAL of - Amazon S3

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September-October 1968
ANTARCTIC JOURNAL
of the United States
ANTARCTIC JOURNAL
States
of the United

Vol. III September-October 1968 No.5
Prepared jointly by
Office of Antarctic Programs, National Science Foundation
and
U.S. Naval Support Force, Antarctica, Department of Defense
CONTENTS
A REVIEW OF YEAR-ROUND AND STATESIDE ACTIVITIES IN
THE U.S. ANTARCTIC RESEARCH PROGRAM, 1967-4968 ...... 155
BIOLOGY
The Distribution of Thecosomatous Pteropods
in Relation to the Antarctic Convergence,
byChin Chen ........................................................ 155
Distribution of Antarctic Marine Fungi,
by Jack W. Fell ...................................................... 157
Studies of Antarctic Pelagic Ostracoda,
by Norman S. Hiliman............................................. 157
Texas A&M's Biological Productivity Programs
Aboard USNS Eltanin and USCGC Glacier,
by Sayed Z. El-Sayed ....................................... 158
Harvard University's Brachiopod Studies on
Eltanin Cruise 32, by Merrill W. Foster .......... 160
Patterns of Vertical and Horizontal Distribution
of Pelagic and Benthic Fauna in Antarctic Seas,
byJay M. Savage ............................................... 160
Participation in USARP Expeditions,
byI. E. Wallen .................................................. 162
Plankton Investigations in McMurdo Sound,
by Jack L. Littlepage .................................................... 162
Parasites of Antarctic Vertebrates and Invertebrates,
by William J. Hargis, Jr., and David E. Zwerner ......... 163
(Continued)
Greenwich Mean Time is used, except where otherwise indicated.
Antarctic Journal of the United States is published bimonthly by the National Science Founda-
tion with the assistance of the Department of Defense. It is for sale by the Superintendent of
Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. The subscription price
is $2.50 per year in the U.S. and Canada, and $3.25 elsewhere. The price of single copies varies.
Communications, other than those concerning paid subscriptions, should be addressed to:
Information Officer, Office of Antarctic Programs
National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C. 20550
Use of funds for printing this publication approved by the Director of the Bureau of the Budget
(October 13, 1965)
Soil Toxicity in Antarctic Dry Valleys, by
Roy E. Cameron, Charles N. David, and
164
JonathanKing ..............................................................
Biological Weathering in Antarctica,
by F. C. Ugolini and M. J. Perdue ............................... 166
Cooperative Systematic Studies in Antarctic Biology,
166
byI. E. Wallen ................................................................
Current Status of Sleep Research at U.S.
Antarctic Stations, by Chester M. Pierce
and Jay T. Shurley ............. .................. ........ ................. 167
OCEANOGRAPHY
Physical Oceanography in the South Pacific, 1967,
by Joseph L. Reid, Henry M. Stommel,
168
E. Dixon Stroup, and Bruce A. Warren ..........................
MARINE GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS
Paleomagnetic Studies of Eltanin Sedimentary Cores
and Dredged Rocks, by N. D. Watkins ........................... 169
Marine Geophysical Observations Aboard Eltanin,
1967-1968, by Dennis E. Hayes ...................................... 171
Geochronological Studies of Antarctic Deep-Sea
Cores, by J. K. Osmond and H. G. Goodell .................... 172
TERRESTRIAL GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS
Mirabilite and Associated Seal Bones, Southern
Victoria Land, Antarctica, by Frederic R. Siegel
and Wakefield Dort, Jr. ... ............................................ 173
Age Determination of Rocks and Minerals from the
Transantarctic Mountains, by G. Faure, R. L. Hill,
Rene Eastin, and R. J. E. Montigny ............................... 173
Studies in Antarctic Paleobotany,
176
byJ. M. Schopf ................................................................
Aerial Color Photography for Antarctic Photogeology,
177
byH. T. U. Smith .............................................................
Origin of the Salts in Taylor Valley,
177
by L. M. Jones and G. Faure .........................................
Analysis of Ellsworth Mountains and Ruppert Coast
Geologic Data, by Bernhard Sporli
179
and Campbell Craddock ...................................................
Quantitative Paleolimnology and Fossil
Conchostracans, by Paul Tasch ...................................... 179
Pensacola Mountains Project, by P. L. Williams
181
andA. B. Ford ..............................................................
Observations of Earth Tides and Free Vibrations
at South Pole, by Louis B. Slichter,
182
Clarence L. Hager, and Richard V. O'Connell .............
Analysis of Antarctic Geophysical Data, 1967-1968,
183
byC. R. Bentley ..................................................................
(Continued)
11
GLACIOLOGY
Testing for Antarctic Ice Surges, by Sheldon Judson
and John T. Hollin ....................................................................... 183
Deep Ice Core Study Program: Greenland,
byC. C. Langway, Jr........................................................................ 184
ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS
Satellite-Viewed Cloud Cover and Computed Atmospheric
Transports for the Antarctic, by P. A. Davis
andS. M. Serebreny .............................................................. 185
ESSA Weather Bureau Programs in Antarctica,
byVaughn D. Rockney .............................................................. 186
Interdisciplinary Program in Antarctic Meteorology,
by Herbert J. Viebrock ............................................................ 187
Meteorological Studies on the Antarctic Plateau,
byMartin P. Sponholz .......................................................... 189
The Relation Between Terrain Features, Thermal Wind,
and Surface Wind over Antarctica,
by W. Schwerdtfeger and L. J. Mahrt ...................................... 190
Cyclones over the Southern Oceans,
byD. W. Martin ......................................................................... 191
New Data on the Winter Radiation Balance at the
South Pole, by W. Schwerdtfeger .............................................. 193
Evaluation of CO Data Obtained on Eltanin
Cruises 27, 29, and 31, by Elmer Robinson
and Robert C. Robbins .............................................................. 194
Evaluation of a Satellite Microwave Refraction
Technique for Remote Probing of the Atmosphere,
byD. H. Sargeant ..................................................................... 197
UPPER ATMOSPHERE PHYSICS
Transient Ionospheric Phenomena in Antarctica,
by K. Davies and J. E. Jones ........................................ 197
Energetic-Particle Precipitation over Antarctica,
by G. C. Reid, J. K. Hargreaves, W. L. Ecklund,
H. Leinbach, and H. H. Sauer ........................................ 199
Spectrometry of the Twilight and Night Skies,
byM. Gadsden ................................................................ 200
Geomagnetic Pulsations During a Magnetic Storm in
the Southern Auroral Zone, by Yuji Inoue and
Nunzio A. Tartaglia ....................................................... 201
VLF Studies in Antarctica, by J. H. Crary .......................... 202
Solar-Cosmic Radiation and Magnetospheric Studies During
1967-1968, by A. J. MaJsley, J. W. McDonough,
and P. R. Satterbiom ..................................................... 203
(Continued)
III
Antarctic Geophysical Research and Data Analysis,
by Samuel C. Coroniti and Rudolf B. Penndorf 204
Conjugate Point Studies, by A. Lawrence Spitz ..... 207
Geomagnetic Observations in Antarctica,
by James V. Hastings ............................................. 207
Radiation from Atomic Hydrogen in Aurorae,
byM. H. Rees ..................................................... 208
SUPPORT SERVICES
Smithsonian Oceanographic Sorting Center Expands
Its USARP Activities .............................................................................. 209
Innovations in the Antarctic Records Program,
byB. J. Landrum ..................................................................................... 210
Antarctic Research Series, by Judith S. McCombs ................................... 211
Translation of the Soviet Antarctic Expedition
Information Bulletin, by Waldo E. Smith ................................................ 211
Abstracting and Indexing Service for Current
Antarctic Literature, by Geza T. Thuronyi ............................................ 212
Antarctic Bibliography, 1951-1961, by
GezaT. Thuronyi ................................................................................... 212
Antarctic Geographic Nomenclature,
byFred G. Alberts .................................................................................... 212
Antarctic Map Folio Series, by Vivian C. Bushnell ................................... 213
Antarctic and Southern Ocean Mapping by the
American Geographical Society,
byDouglas Waugh ................................................................................... 214
Recent Activities of the Committee on Polar Research,
byLouis De Goes ...................................................................................... 214
USARP WINTER PARTY, 1968 .................................................................. 216
ANTARCTIC TREATY LOGISTICS MEETING HELD IN TOKYO,
byFred J. Bernstein ............................................................................................ 217
TENTH MEETING OF THE SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE ON
ANTARCTIC RESEARCH, by Louis De Goes ........................................... 218
ANTARCTIC SIMULATOR FOR SOIL STORAGE AND
PROCESSING, by Roy E. Cameron and Howard P. Conrow .................... 219
ADELIE PENGUIN WITH THREE CHICKS, by George E. Watson
and J. Phillip Angle .................................................................................... 221
NOTES
Naval Support Force Issues New Guide to Equipment and Stations 221
Hero En Route to Antarctica .............................................................. 222
NewPublication .................................................................................. 222
Errata ..................................................................................................... 222
iv
A Review of Year-Round and Stateside Activities in the
U.S. Antarctic Research Program, 1967-1968
The second part of a collection of articles on the grams that support USARP scientists in all disci-
activities of the U.S. Antarctic Research Program plines. This presentation completes the description of
(USARP), 1967-1968, is presented in this issue of the most of the projects conducted during the past year.
Antarctic Journal. Whereas the last issue dealt with The projects described were proposed and carried
the field programs carried out during the 1967-1968 out by scientists of universities, private or commercial
summer in Antarctica, this issue is devoted to the institutions, and government agencies. The funding
year-round programs conducted on the Continent and overall administration of the U.S. Antarctic Re-
and aboard Eltanin, studies made in the United search Program are the responsibility of the National
States on the basis of data and specimens collected Science Foundation. Field support of the program
in the field during prior years, and the service pro- is provided by the U.S. Navy.
north of the Convergence, but their main concentra-
BIOLOGY
tions are to the south. The southern limit of subant-
arctic species is that of Limacina retroversa, which is
about 5°-8° of latitude south of the Convergence.
The Distribution of The only species not found south of the Convergence
is Clio antarctica.
Thecosomatous Pteropods in Relation to
The mixing of the antarctic and subantarctic the-
The Antarctic Convergence
cosomatous species takes place in a zone about 16°
latitude in width that is centered on the Conver-
CHIN CHEN
gence. This may be due to mixing ocean currents.
Lamont Geological Observatory Deacon (1937) pointed out that the Antarctic Con-
Columbia University vergence is an unstable boundary with extensive and
unpredictable loops and twists. According to Mackin-
The Antarctic Convergence is not necessarily a tosh (1964), the Convergence is sometimes located
sharp boundary with respect to the distribution of the 60 miles or more to the north or south of its mean
majority of species that occur in its vicinity. However, position, and there may be mixing of antarctic and
the areas to the north and south of the Convergence subantarctic waters to a comparable distance on either
show many contrasts in both plankton (Mackintosh, side.
1960) and thecosomatous pteropods. Two antarctic Four Eltanin profiles (Fig. 1), along 35° W.
species of thecosomatous pteropods (Limacina heli- (Cruise 9), 75° W. (Cruise 10), 90° W. (Cruise 13),
cina and Clio sulcata) extend 8°-10° of latitude and 135° W. (Cruise 17), have been selected to show
Figure 1. Locations of four profiles
(E-9, -10, -13, and -17). The
numbers refer to hydrographic sta-
tions (Jacobs, 1965 and 1966).
September-October 1968 155
LATITUDE LATITUDE
S
too
)Llmacina ::!
iO0 _____ 100. ssaa
66 too 6r_
300- 0 t 25 5075 ANTARCTIC SPECIES E *C ANTARCTIC SPECIES
<
500. 2 C .100
04::
Figure 4. Along 35°W. (Cruise 9).
Figure 2. Along 75°W. (Cruise 10).
0 A.C. 606 LATI6T2U DE63 0100.100 6 U
SUBANTARC^SPECUK5 \ \ \ 10 ANT09A7R CTIC1 9S0P ECIES0 109 100 I92
A.C. LATITUDE 92 00 •
SUGANTARCTIC SPECIES ANTARCTIC SPECIES .95 :::.10C -100
L 2T:°
2000- -2000
259075
4000 .4000
Figure 3. Along 90°W. (Cruise 13). 5000
1
Figure 5. Along 1350W. (Cruise 17).
Vertical distribution of thecosomatous pteropods and temperature during Eltanin cruises. The
numbers refer to the percentage of antarctic species of the total pteropod population. The
solid lines are percent isolines of the antarctic species. The dotted lines are isotherms (°C.).
The temperature data are after Jacobs (1965 and 1966).
the vertical distribution of thecosomatous pteropods ever, several juvenile specimens of Limacina helicina
in relation to the Antarctic Convergence. The water are found in the subantarctic surface water near the
masses on both sides of the Convergence, as depicted Convergence. In the Cruise 9 and 17 profiles, the 50-
in Fig. 2 (Cruise 10) and Fig. 3 (Cruise 13), are dis- and 75-percent isolines of the antarctic species extend
tinctly separated in the upper 1,000 m by the vertical from the upper layer of water south of the Conver-
slope of the 2° C., 3° C., and 4° C. isotherms. Con- gence northward to the middle layer. Consequently,
versely, the 2° C. isotherm measured on Cruise 9 the dominant antarctic species in the subantarctic
(Fig. 4) and Cruise 17 (Fig. 5) appears in the surface intermediate water underlies subantarctic species in
water south of the Convergence, and it extends north the subantarctic surface water in these two profiles.
to the intermediate water. It is inferred from the In the Cruise 10 and Cruise 13 profiles, subantarctic
Cruise 10 and Cruise 13 profiles that less mixture of species are homogeneously distributed in the upper
water currents occurs along the sides of the Conver- 1,000 m of the water column north of the Conver-
gence as compared to that in the Cruise 9 and 17 gence. The data may indicate that more antarctic
profiles. surface water sinks to the subantarctic intermediate
The vertical distribution of pteropod species is layer in the areas of the Cruise 9 and Cruise 17 pro-
very similar to that of temperatures. In the Cruise 10 files than in those of the Cruise 10 and Cruise 13
and Cruise 13 profiles, the vertical slopes of the 25-, profiles.
50- and 75-percent isolines of antarctic thecosomatous The general scheme of the vertical distribution of
species clearly separate two groups of these species, major thecosomatous species in the antarctic seas is
one occurring on each side of the Convergence. How- shown in Fig. 6. The optimum depth range of the
ANTARCTIC JOURNAL
156
55S 56 571 58 591 60 6 62 Preliminary results indicate that fungi having a
t-.. (
Subantarctic surface water Mixed water region Antarctic surface water unicellular growth phase predominate in the open
ocean and that the filamentous forms appear to be
100
restricted to the inshore regions. The most significant
result was the observation that primitive Basidio-
200 .joxcpng 'IvatEsu Lcnaxig tiaiicing
,e6 mycetes are widely distributed in the antarctic seas.
• •-
ç Previously, Basidiomycetes were considered to be rare
..300 'V or nonexistent in marine environments.
5
Morphologically, these antarctic Basidiomycetes
400 / have the typical characteristics of yeasts. They have
soft, cream- to white-colored colonies, unicellular
I C"
ol iL° Ctic° budding cells, and form a pseudomycelium. This
50
morphology suggests classification among the yeast
genera, specifically the genus Candida, rather than
60 the Basidiomycetes. The life cycles are, however,
quite distinct from the yeasts. Haploid cells will mate
Figure 6. A general scheme of vertical distribution to produce a binucleate mycelium with clamp con-
of the major thecosomatous pteropod species in nections. Karyogamy takes place in a heavy-walled
western antarctic waters.
teliospore, and meiosis occurs as the spore germinates
via a promycelium. Haploid sporidia develop on the
promycelium to complete the life cycle.
species is based on their maximum concentration. The
This life history is analogous to that of the smut
variation of depth range of each species depends upon
fungi. Terrestrially, smuts are obligate parasites that
location.
are extremely destructive to cereals and other com-
References mercially important plants. This fact suggests that the
marine smut-like fungi may have an important sapro-
Deacon, G. E. R. 1937. The hydrology of the southern
ocean. Discovery Reports, 15: 1-124. phytic or parasitic role in the antarctic seas.
Jacobs, S. S. 1965. Physical and Chemical Oceanographic This elucidation of the basidiomycetous life cycle
Observations in the Southern Oceans: USNS Eltanin considerably alters the phylogenetic concept of yeasts.
Cruises 7-15. Lamont Geological Observatory. Technical Most yeasts, particularly the candidas, are considered
Report l-CU-1-65. 321 p.
to be imperfect forms of Ascomycetes (e.g., of the
Jacobs, S. S. 1966. Physical and Chemical Oceanographic
Observations in the Southern Oceans: USNS Eltanin genus Saccharomyces). Details of this research will
Cruises 16-21. Lamont Geological Observatory. Technical be published in the new edition of "The Yeasts, A
Report l-CU-66. 128 p. Taxonomic Study" (Lodder, in press). For the same
Mackintosh, N. A. 1960. The pattern of distribution of the
review, we have also prepared chapters on the genera
antarctic fauna. Royal Society. Proceedings, B., 152:
Cryptococcus, Sterigmatomyces, and Rh odosporidium
624-631.
Mackintosh, N. A. 1964. Distribution of the plankton in that include descriptions and discussions of yeasts
relation to the Antarctic Convergence. Royal Society. from the Antarctic.
Proceedings, A., 281: 21-38.
Studies of Antarctic Pelagic Ostracoda
Distribution of Antarctic Marine Fungi
NORMAN S. HILLMAN
JACK W. FELL
Lamont Geological Observatory
Institute of Marine Sciences Columbia University
University of Miami
Pelagic Ostracoda of the genus Conchoecia are
The immediate purpose of our mycological pro- represented -by about 23 species in antarctic waters
grain is to determine the distribution of fungi in between 500 S. and 700 S. Ostracoda collected from
antarctic water masses from the Continent to the plankton hauls made on Eltanin cruises 9-24 have
Subtropical Convergence. During 1966 and 1967, we been examined.
participated in four cruises of USNS Eltanin and one The quantitative seasonal distribution of Conch oecia
of USCGC Eastwind. During the past year, the large species in the Pacific sector of the Antarctic is being
number of fungi collected during these cruises has studied. Many species have been collected further
been examined at the Institute of Marine Sciences. south than previously recorded, as summarized in
September-October 1968 157
Southern extension of the distribution of pelagic Ostracoda 1909), negating any simplified differentiation for all
species.
Author and Lati- Cruise
Species Ocean Latitude year tude no.
References
C. chuni Atlantic 631011S. Skogsberg, 1920 64'04'S. 28
CC.. leolepghaunrea AAttllaanntticic 4 505002 S7.1 S. MSkiollgesrb, e1r9g0,6 1 920 66470056319S'S. . 1170 Brady, G. S. 1907. Ostracoda, National Antarctic Expedi-
C. obtusata Atlantic 630011S. Skogsberg. 1920 671561S. 17 tion, 1901-1904. Natural History, 3(5): 1-9.
C. rotund ata Indian 650 S. Muller, 1906 70007' S. 11 Claus, C. 1894. Die Halocypriden und ihre Entwicklungs-
C. 8errulata Indian 590 S. Brady, 1907 670561S. 17 stadien. Berichte der Commission für Erforschung der
C. symmetrica Indian 540 S. Muller, 1906 680201 S. 11 östlichen Mittelmeeres, vol. 61, pt. 3, no. 9.
Fowler, G. H. 1909. Biscayen plankton collected during a
cruise of H.M.S. Research, 1900, part 13: The Ostracoda.
the table. However, many of the earlier records were Linnean Society of London. Transactions, 2(10): 219-
made in the Atlantic, where the Antarctic Conver- 336.
gence is located approximately 100 further north Jespersen, P. 1923. Dr. Thorild Wolff's plankton collection
in the waters west of Greenland. Meddelelser om GrØn-
than in the Pacific (Mackintosh, 1946). The present
land, 4: 103-160.
author has shown that the Antarctic Convergence
Mackintosh, N. A. 1946. The Antarctic Convergence and
inhibits the southern distribution of many pelagic the distribution of surface temperatures in antarctic
Ostracoda. Because of the systematic coverage of the waters. Discovery Reports, 23: 177-212.
South Pacific by Eltanin cruises, the distribution of Muller, G. W. 1906. Ostracoda. Wissenschaftlische Ergeb-
nisse der Deutschen Tie fsee Expedition auf dem Damp fer
many species that have been incompletely reported
"'Valdivia," 8: 29-154.
by occasional expeditions can now be more precisely Skogsberg, T. 1920. Studies on marine Ostracoda, Part I.
determined. C. borealis antipoda, C. serrulata, and Zoologiska Bidrag frãn Uppsala, Suppi. Bd. 1. 784 p.
C. chuni, for example, have not been found as far
north in the South Pacific as in other oceans. The
current pattern for the other oceans suggests localized
transport of specimens to lower latitudes (e.g., by the Texas AM's Biological Productivity
Benguela and West Australian Currents) —a move-
Programs Aboard USNS Eltanin and
ment which does not appear to occur in the Pacific.
The antarctic Ostracoda are also represented by USCGC Glacier
both a cosmopolitan species (C. elegans, which is
found in the world oceans between 79° N. and
SAYED Z. EL-SAYED
680 S.) and a bipolar species (C. borealis, which is
represented by a variety in each hemisphere). C.
borealis antipoda, the antarctic variety, shares com- Department of Oceanography
mon environmental characteristics with its arctic Texas A&M University
counterpart, C. borealis maxima. Both are usually
found at depths greater than 250 m, at temperatures During the past year, Texas A&M's biological-
higher than 0° C., but not normally higher than productivity program aboard USNS Eltanin has
7° C. (Jespersen, 1923; Eltanin data) and in salini- extended the areas covered in the Pacific Ocean to
ties greater than 34.00 o/oo. include the Tasman Sea (Cruise 26), the Ross Sea
The ontogeny of C. serrulata is also being studied. (Cruise 27), and two crossings of the Pacific—one at
Over 1,300 specimens from 15 stations across the latitude 43° S., between Australia and Chile (Cruise
South Pacific have been measured, including all avail- 28), and another between Australia and California
able instars. Conchoecia develops by molting through (Cruise 30). Also, during this period, a biological-
seven instars, the last being the adult stage (Claus, productivity investigation was conducted aboard
1894). Six instars (two through seven), ranging in USCGC Glacier as part of the International Weddell
size from approximately 300 to 1,700, have been Sea Oceanographic Expedition (IWSOE).
found. The first juvenile instar has not been found, In these investigations, we were interested pri-
probably because it passes through the 200e- marily in assessing the standing crop of phytoplankton
mesh plankton net. Measurement of the length of the and the primary productivity at different depths. We
carapace has proved to be a simple technique for were also interested in studying the species composi-
designating any particular instar. There is no over- tion and relative abundance of the phytoplankton
lap in length of the progressive instars. This technique and in correlating their distribution and abundance
may be applicable in differentiating instars of other with the hydrographic features. Another objective
pelagic Ostracoda if species identification is certain; was to assess the role played by the dissolved and
however, the carapace lengths of different instars particulate organic carbon in the economy of ant-
within a few Conchoecia species overlap (Fowler, arctic and subantarctic waters.
158 ANTARCTIC JOURNAL
Until very recently, knowledge of the productivity and subantarctic waters will be published soon in
of the,South Pacific Ocean (particularly south of Folio 10 of the American Geographical Society's
35° S.) was almost nonexistent. Our studies, which Antarctic Map Folio Series.
were based on Eltanin Cruises 18-28, have contri- Our biological investigations during the past three
buted significantly to knowledge of the chemistry and years were directed also to seasonal and annual varia-
productivity of that enormous expanse of water (Figs. tions in the standing crop of phytoplankton and pri-
1 and 2). In these figures, the data collected by the mary production in the South Pacific (El-Saved,
author south of 35° S. are compared with those 1968a). In Fig. 3, reproduced from the aforemen-
gathered by other investigators in the eastern, tropi- tioned publication, the standing crop and photo-
cal, and western regions of the South Pacific Ocean. synthetic activity of the primary producers during
Similar investigations were made with regard to the the austral spring and summer are noted. A marked
distribution and concentration of nutrient salts (e.g., decline in this activity was observed during austral
phosphates, silicates, nitrates, and nitrites) and dis- fall and winter cruises.
solved and particulate organic carbon. These and Also during the period covered by this investiga-
other data pertinent to the productivity of antarctic tion, Dr. Ryuzo Marumo, Professor of Planktology,
University of Tokyo, through special arrangement
with the Smithsonian Institution, spent a year at
Texas A&M studying the phytoplankton samples
collected during Eltanin Cruises 23, 25, 27, and 28.
Besides making a taxonomic study of the samples
collected, Dr. Marumo correlated the distribution
20 E
RM 050 -0.99
.00 -L99
— 300-499 9 20 21 23 21 11 26 21 211
>500
Figure 1. Distribution of Chlorophyll a in surface water of
the South Pacific Ocean and the Pacific sector of antarctic
waters. go
U ow
40 n
ICI 65-66 1966 1966 1967
Figure 3. Seasonal variations in Chloro-
phyll a and C" uptake (surface and
integrated values) determined on the
basis of Eltanin cruises 19-21 and 23-28.
and abundance of the phytoplankton with the hydro-
graphic conditions observed during the four cruises.
For example, he was able to use to advantage the
distribution of the blue-green alga Trichodesmium
thiebauti and the diatom Chaetoceros atlanticus to
delineate subtropical and subantarctic water masses
during Cruise 28 (Marumo, 1968).
Figure 2. Distribution of C14 uptake in surface water of the
Preliminary results of the biological-productivity
South Pacific Ocean and the Pacific sector of antarctic
waters. investigation made during the IWSOE were reported
September-October 1968 159