Sensation and Perception PDF
Preview Sensation and Perception
SENSATION & PERCEPTION TENTH EDITION = BRUCE GOLDSTEIN JAMES'R. BROCKMOLE he TENTH EDITION Sensation and Perception mccain ver oie rier txork: Dae ecm meres ate py supe Hake OT ions. chanss Wc alioes, al bem for, ese vs Wr seagae conuighere eur Import Sos Heh coe eset Wie pot se te pede aH alas one een CENGAGE Learning Satin and Peto Tnth aon ecu ec sr Daas Hague oe ae Bold apts ALLNIGHIS SERVE, No uo sarees ech eto tay neces animist wedinanfrnar ya ‘Bits dace or reared lt Ue raconre ‘Sect a7 a8 ne 196 Line States Copyright Ar itor Pe peor sateen rcs cnc ‘ellos sn meter tcounin sain me cnnestactamncanpgese com “To Barbara: I's been a long and winding road, but we made It all the way to the oth, edition! Thank you for your unwavering ove and support through all ofthe editions ofthis book. | also dedicate this book to the editors have had along the way, especially Ken King, who convinced me to write the book in 1976, and also those that followed: Marlanne Talinge,Jalme Perkins, nd ‘Tim Matray. Thank you all, fer believing in my book and supporting its creation. Finally, | dedicate this book to the memary of Anne Draus (952-2014) of Scratchgravel Publishing Services, whose caring about books was ‘evident as she shepherded many previous eitions ofthis book from ‘manuscript to finished book. But Anne was more than a production service, She was a warm, caring person, who's greatly mised. Bruce Goldstein To Jessica, for her smile, laughter, hugs, and secret recipe spaghett sauce. James Brockmole ME About the Authors Si BRUCE GOLDSTEIN is Associa Pose Emeritus of Pychaogy a he Unie of Pitabugh wand Asjunt Profs of Paydlgy {he CuivenityofAcaona Hebassouied Ue Chanel Daunpusted “Teaching ral om he Unies Prag nln ar ing and tetbeok wang. He eeched bis belo dese emi tiple fot Tals Uivesiy and is PAD in caper pol 1 fo own tne he was: preserva lin alogy [Deparment ar liana Unies elon pining rhe ey a he Unita Pisaburgs Baus s published papervon aide aie of tops ng inal salva plyloy tual acco adie fevapion of trues Ulesthe autho af pie Poly Cone ‘Mi Rca rd Eve Eau, Eton (guy 2015) and iced he Bla Hunan Parspon Blackvel, 201} acu dhe ocucime Sue Dageipsis feng 200) JAMES R. BROCKMOLE is Assoc Prfesur of Dyychalogy at the Unneriy of Nowe Dame. Tie rceved his Bachenr ages in poybelagy ad sooloy Tio Nowe Daze and bis suaster™ and {kta depres in copaive paychoioyy at dhe Usivesicy of isos 1 Uibannthampaigy He nar a ptdcerral rarnch tocar 2 Michigan sare Unni bef ning she acl in ohe Sebo Poop Pyeholoy. an Language Sdances a Ue Uneasy of dat He nursed to Notre Date a 2009 co ec ad colt search a ural aren Jot each Fees on she epson ‘oC dsual formation ia the mind and brn, the locaton aed cour trl of vial aan and ue nay cera between peroegtion tremary and ston He es The Val Warde ewer (nphngy Pree Zi) and indo pec Hae of Vl ag (atrhangy Pres 200), and has served athe ssvocate edie of the jousnals “Aten Prato & Peapod See) and the Jura of Espermena tig: na Pre at Perera (american Pychsiopiel Awsezaoa) ES Grief Contents 1 Introduction to Perception The Beginnings of the Perceptual Process 2 Neural Processing «a Cortical Organization ma 2 3 4 5 Perceiving Objects and Scenes a 6 Visual Attention 12s 7 Taking Action 9 8 Perceiving Motion 1 9. Perceiving Color ss 10 Perceiving Depth and Size 227 11 Hearing 28 12 Hearing Il: Location and Organization 2s 13 Speech Percept nar 14 The Cutaneous Senses s7 15. The Chemical Senses 21 appenoox A. Methods of Adjustment and Constant Stimuli ss B_ The Difference Threshold ass Magnitude Estimation and the Power Function ass D The Signal Detection Approach see Namelndex «xt Saubjectindex BS Contents A Introduction to Perception + The Beginning of the Perceptual Process a Why Read This Book? 6 The Perceptual Process = DBorWhar Aho Semcon"? tals Proal Suen (Steps a2) RagporPraase Sip 3) 7 dng atthe Beginning 2 Light, the Eye, and the Visual Receptors 2 Light The Sinus fr Vision 22 Novolivncosing Sop 7 Thetye a2 echoed Roques rpes7) EMERSON | coming was he Hing poe 28 faclaiye 6 DEMENSTATIN | Filing he Bid Sp DEMONETONON | Pesebiaga Race 9 Focusing Light Onto the Receptors 2 Studying the Perceptual Process "0 EMT | Scoming waren Whar ina 38 Tae Man Senn’ Reeronehige (and) Receptors and Perception 37 The Phyaclogy Peep atest) M8 Tassie Lge Enry ac Eat Easyy 2 Copuithe loflacnes Pept 32 Atpem gies Bask a8 Terrewnaru feeiea | Meseringshe Darkadspeason Cone 28 ‘Measuring Perception 12 Spel Sexi Gt Ele nace Math to Mesnre EINE | Mawutng Spal Seki Cane “areola stvowsusss a2 METHOD /MedodefLinis ¥ Electrical Signals in Neurons a3 FreQusencs Ahnurthe Prmeensl Wo 18 ecnlingecal inal in Newtons 30 iernae agoietaraton INE |"The Sep fr Recording rem aSingle Nesom 34 Sora to a ny Dene Bale lane togereerofaccon foteszls 58 Piysalendreceputnguten? 1 Genial BaAcon Pics 9 renvvounaia. te ‘Traumicing norman ros GHD 37 sewer Neutal Convergence and Perception 28 ore Gansrgnce Cueshe Rado Bee Sense Tan Lick af Convergence Cases he Cone te Have ater Acuiey ‘Than the Rode DemonsTation | Foal Vesus Pipher Acuity Something to Conte tarts Pome 2 Developmental Dimenorefan Vis Acaty «8 HAPTER 3 Neural Processing mS Inhibitory Processes inthe Retina se Lateral ce Lvs 50 Using Lateral aabiion w Elan Revepon 64 Probleme ich he Lares nhhinExslacons of he (Cheat nsem ape she Hermann Ged Processing From Retina to Visual Cortex ana Beyond te Respoacinget Single Tibersin the Ope Nerve 9 bel nd Wiesel Rthnale or Studying Receptive porary METHOD | eesacng Scimul te Deine Reepsive Fike 60 Receptive Fels of Neurons the Visual Corer 60 Da Feature Detectors Play a Role In Perception? «2 Scatne Adapts 62 Merwoo | Ppoplysical Meusurrent ofthe Bet Df Sectve spaion > Oreasciy a Shonesen=g Higher-Level Neurons 8s Sensory Coding es Seating Caer“ Reeve Fee ob Cortical Organization 7 ‘Spatial Organization inthe Visual Cortex 74 “The Neural Mapon the Senate Corex/ARsa Vi) 74 ETE | Bea aging 78 DeMonsteATON | Coral Maiiaion ofYour Fingor 7 “TheCarmeleOrganved intalarnne 78 Haw Be Geneon encase Neurons Respocd m3 Sem? 78 Pathurays for What, Where, and How 79 ‘Streams for Lfersatioa Abouc What ad Where 79 MED | Sean AbLaLon 79 ‘Secs fr lforatioa Abouc hata How #1 METHOD | Double Diovan Necopsehlogy #1 Modularity. ase Neurone inte Monkeys iT Corex 2 ‘The Fusiomn Rasezceaia Hamat ‘Area for Plats and Bossi Humans 04 Distributed Representation a “Two Exper That Desonstrate Disbuted Ipesemscion at Dhue Reprenrason oMulitimensona Semult #8 Where Perception Meets Memary a Dvelopnental Dimension: Expenener and Neural Rospouing Experiences Can Shape Neu ing 98 “Theapers Hyporhese Perceiving Objects and Scenes» DeNONSTIANON | Repl Pucci sSocse 28 Why 1s 1t So Difficult to Design a Perceiving Machine? 96 The Simahssonhe ReesporstsAmbignns 8& Dues Cas Be Hid Elueed 97 (Ogata ck Dilfrent Frna Dif Vicepoins 97 Perceptual Organization The Gere Approach to Pereepeal Grouping. 98 sta Prinspis of Pereptul Organization 00 Panepal Sepegtion 1 palatine Ting ieinatandipe tm Percelving Scenes and Objects in Scenes 16 Parco the Gita Seene 07 turoe | sig Mack rn Achiew ie Sis Reguantesin the Ervicumes Ifonnaion x Rcching 108 DUHONETATION | Viewing Scenes snd Objects 108 The Roleof laine Raxaption 1 Connecting Neural Activity and Object/Scene Perception ma isn Responses to Mceing ses Maces Spodighton the Purhippocunpal Pe Arca 2 Neral Mind Ronen tuevoe | News Nénd Reding 14 Sermathig o Cai: Ae Face Sei? 18 DewaprensalBinense nar fae Porcption a CHAPTER 6 Visual Attention 125 Scanning a Scene 15 DeMONSTINION | Locking fora Face ine Crows 14 What Directs Our Attention? 127 Visual Slice 127 Demonstration | Aivecial Capuure 22 What Are the Benefits f Attention? 130 Arcnsion pers Responding 88 MEI | Prcasing 0 ‘tention Ca Influence Appescance 122 ‘Arceanon Can Influens:Psisopil Responding 39 Attention and Experiencing a Coherent World 36 Why sPinding Nvrsoy? Fears ineagaron Tse 13 DEMONSTANION | Seas For Cnjumsions 198 What Happens When We Don't Attend? 1 Inattentonal Bsnese 198 Chase Badass 39 DEMOUSTANION | ChungeDitesios 198 IeAsrsnion Nevessnpter DevewmngSoene? 10 Distraction Distctionand Trak Chater 11 Attentional Peep Loed 12 Drescgetelcinente attention and Pct Compton 1 NETO | Habiiuaion 148 Taking Action ue ‘The Ecological Approach to Perception 148 ‘The Moving Olserser Create Infrae in the Environment 150 Stender larson 18 “ThesSenseclo Now ork lelsion 12 emusriason | Kesing Your Pals 152 Staying on Course: Walking and Driving 153 olking 13 Drivngacar 4 Wayfinding 198 Thelmporenceoflandancks 198 ‘Thess Gbs" ver Indbadial ferences Wayfinding 88
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