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RUSSIAN Phrase Book &Dictionary Elena Filimonova i Published by BBC Active, an imprint of Educational Publishers LLP, part of the Pearson Education Group, Edinburgh Gate, Harlow, Essex CM20 2JE, England. © Educational Publishers LLP 2007 BBC logo © BBC 1996. BBC and BBC ACTIVE are trademarks of the British Broadcasting Corporation. First published 2007. Third impression 2010. The right of Elena Filimonova to be identified as author of this Work has been asserted by her in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without either the prior written permission of the publishers and copyright owners or a licence permitting restricted copying in the United Kingdom issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd., Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. ISBN: 978-1-4066-1212-7 Cover design: Two Associates Cover photograph: OJPHOTOS/Alamy Insides design: Pentacor book design Layout: Oxford Designers & Illustrators Illustrations © Joanna Kerr, New Division Development manager: Tara Dempsey Series editor: Philippa Goodrich Editor: Natasha Kurashova Senior production controller: Man Fai Lau Printed and bound in China. CTPS/03 The Publisher’s policy is to use paper manufactured from sustainable forests. how to use this book This book is divided into colour-coded sections to help you find the language you need as quickly as possible. You can also refer to the contents on pages iv–v, and the contents lists at the start of each section. Along with travel and language tips, each section contains: YOU MAY WANT TO SAY… language you’ll need for every situation YOU MAY SEE… words and phrases you’ll see on signs or in print YOU MAY HEAR… questions, instructions or information people may ask or give you On page 2 you’ll find essentials, a list of basic, all-purpose phrases to help you start communicating straight away. Many of the phrases can be adapted by simply using another word from the dictionary. For instance, take the question Где аэропóрт? gdye aerapórt (Where is the airport?), if you want to know where the station is, just substitute вокзáл vagzál (station) for аэропóрт aerapórt to give Где вокзáл? gdye vagzál. The pronunciation guide is based on English sounds, and is explained on page vi. If you want some guidance on how the Russian language works, see basic grammar on page 135. The dictionary is separated into two sections: English–Russian (page 145) and Russian–English (page 187). We welcome any comments or suggestions about this book, but in the meantime, have a good trip – Счастли´вого пути´! schaslívava pootí contents pronunciation guide vi directions 31 information and tickets 34 The Russian alphabet vi trains 36 the basics 1 buses and coaches 39 underground 41 essentials 2 boats and ferries 43 numbers 4 air travel 44 ordinal numbers 5 taxis 45 fractions, days, months 6 hiring cars and bicycles 47 seasons, dates 7 driving 48 telling the time 8 mechanical problems 50 time phrases 9 car parts 51 measurements 11 bicycle parts 52 clothes and shoe sizes 12 national holidays and accommodation 53 festivals 13 accommodation 54 general booking in advance 55 conversation 15 checking in 57 hotels, B&Bs and hostels 58 greetings 16 camping 59 introductions 17 requests and queries 60 talking about yourself 18 problems and complaints 61 asking about other checking out 62 people 20 self-catering/ chatting 22 second homes 63 the weather 23 likes and dislikes 24 food&drink 65 feelings and opinions 24 food and drink 66 making arrangements 26 making bookings 67 useful expressions 27 at the restaurant 68 travel&transport 29 ordering your food 69 ordering your drinks 70 arriving in the country 30 bars and cafés 71 iv special requirements 72 photography 109 problems and complaints 74 at the tobacconist 110 paying the bill 74 at the off-licence 110 buying food 75 at the post office 111 menu reader: at the bank 112 – general 76 changing money 112 – drinks 77 telephones 114 – styles of cooking 78 mobiles 116 – food 79 the internet 117 faxes 118 sightseeing &activities 85 health&safety 119 at the tourist office 86 at the pharmacy 120 opening times 87 at the doctor’s 121 visiting places 88 describing your going on tours symptoms 122 and trips 90 medical complaints tourist glossary 92 and conditions 123 entertainment 92 parts of the body 126 booking tickets 95 at the dentist’s 128 at the show 96 emergencies 129 sports and activities 97 police 131 at the beach, river or reporting crime 133 pool 100 basic grammar 135 shops &services 101 English – Russian dictionary 145 shopping 102 paying 105 Russian – English buying clothes dictionary 187 and shoes 106 changing rooms 107 exchanges and refunds 108 v pronunciation guide * the Russian alphabet Russian is the most widespread of the Slavonic languages. It uses the Cyrillic alphabet, also used by some East and South Slavonic languages (e.g. Bulgarian, Serbian, Ukrainian), languages of the former USSR (some Caucasian, Uralic, Turkic languages), and Mongolian. Cyrillic is closely based on the Greek alphabet. The Russian alphabet consists of 33 letters. The letters are best represented in three groups: ● those that look and sound similar to English: A, E, K, M, O, T. ● those that look similar but sound different to English letters: В, pronounced as English ‘v’, Н (n), Р (r), С (s), e У (oo), Х (kh as ch in Scottish loch). d i u ● those that look totally different from English, e.g. Ж, Ф, g Ю, Я. Their sounds, however, are often quite similar to n those we encounter in English. o i t a LETTER NAME OF APPROX EQUIVALENT IN SHOWN IN i LETTER ENGLISH BOOK AS c n А а a a as in ‘father’ a u Б б beh b as in ‘bad’ b n o В в veh v as in ‘voice’ v r p Г г geh g as in ‘good’ g Д д deh d as in ‘date’ d Е е yeh ye as in ‘yes’ ye vi Ё ё yo yo as in ‘yoghurt’ yo Ж ж zheh s as in ‘pleasure’ zh З з zeh z as in ‘zip’ z И и ee ee as in ‘eel’ i Й й ee krátkaye short ee as y in ‘boy’ ï * (lit. short ee) К к ka k as in ‘cat’ k Л л el l as in ‘love’ l М м em m as in ‘man’ m Н н en n as in ‘nail’ n О о o o as in ‘small’ o П п peh p as in ‘pan’ p Р р er rolled ‘r’ r С с es s as in ‘sad’ s Т т teh t as in ‘tap’ t У у oo oo as in ‘book’ oo p r Ф ф ef f as in ‘food’ f o n Х х kha ch as in ‘loch’ kh u n Ц ц tseh ts as in ‘toilets’ ts c Ч ч cheh ch as in ‘cheap’ ch ia t Ш ш sha sh as in ‘sheep’ sh i o Щ щ shcha a long sh as in ‘shock’ sch n ъ tvyórdy znak not pronounced, used (dash –) g (hard sign) to make a gap between u i syllables d e ы y no equivalent in English. y Start with i as in ‘bit’, then lower the middle part of vii the tongue and draw it backwards. No words start with this letter. ь myákhki znak not pronounced, softens no sign ** (soft sign) the preceding consonant Э э eh e as in ‘Mary’ e Ю ю yoo u as in ‘usual’ yoo Я я ya ya as in ‘yak’ ya Notes: * due to unclear pronunciation in colloquial Russian, masculine adjectives will have no ï after y and i in the final position in the imitated pronunciation ** ь is not shown in the imitated pronunciation in this book * vowels e Some vowels when pronounced do not correspond to d what is written. Essential rules are: if unstressed o turns i u to a, and e turns to i. g n Vowels in Russian are pronounced separately from o each other, except for the combinations: oo, ye, yi, yo, i t yoo, ya, aï, oï, yeï. For example, the word for Russia a i Россия (rasiya) should be pronounced ras-í-ya, theatre c n театр (tiatr) is pronounced ti-á-tr, etc. u n o r p viii * stress Russian pronunciation depends a lot on stress. In words with more than one syllable, one syllable will be more prominent, pronounced more strongly than the others. The stress may fall on any syllable in the word. In some cases the meaning of the word depends on what syllable is stressed, e.g. зáмок ‘castle’ but замóк ‘lock’. Some complex words may have a secondary stress. In this phrase book, we have indicated the stress by an accent on top of the corresponding vowel. The letter ё (yo) is always stressed. You won’t find a stress mark in the words with ё. Usually the two dots on top are not shown when written, Russians seem always to know whether it’s e or ё. In this book, we have indicated the dots. In the ‘You may see…’ sections, columns with Russian phrases lack the stress signs, since it is the way you’ll indeed see them. p r o * intonation n u Typically, in statements the intonation falls at the end of n c the sentence: i a t Вы хоти´те кóфе. You want coffee. i o n Raising the intonation will transform a statement into g a question, without changing the word order. In yes/no u questions (where a ‘yes’ or ‘no’ answer is expected), the i d intonation rises towards the end of the most important e word. ix