Routledge Handbook of Latin American Security

386 Pages·2015·1.999 MB·English

by  David R. Mares, Arie M. Kacowicz

ROUTLEDGE HANDBOOK OF
LATIN AMERICAN SECURITY
T his new Handbook is a comprehensive collection of cutting-edge essays on all aspects of
Latin American security by a mix of established and emerging scholars.
The R outledge Handbook of Latin American Security identifies the key contemporary topics
of research and debate, taking into account that the study of Latin America’s comparative and
international politics has undergone dramatic changes since the end of the Cold War, the return
of democracy, and the relegitimization and rearmament of the military against the background
of low-level uses of force short of war.
L atin America’s security issues have become an important topic in international relations
and Latin American studies. This Handbook sets a rigorous agenda for future research and is
organized into six key parts:
• The Evolution of Security in Latin America
• Theoretical Approaches to Security in Latin America
• Different ‘Securities’
• Contemporary Regional Security Challenges
• Latin America and Contemporary International Security Challenges
With a focus on contemporary challenges and the failures of regional institutions to elimi-
nate the threat of the use of force among Latin Americans, this Handbook will be of great
interest to students of Latin American politics, security studies, war and conflict studies, and
international relations in general.
David R. Mares holds the Institute of the Americas Chair for Inter-American Affairs,
University of California, San Diego. He is author/editor of nine books, including most recently
Debating Civil-Military Relations in Latin America (with Rafael Martínez, 2013).
Arie M. Kacowicz is the Chaim Weizmann Chair in International Relations and associate pro-
fessor at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel. He is the author of four books, including
most recently G lobalization and the Distribution of Wealth: The Latin American Experience,
1982–2008 (2013).
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ROUTLEDGE HANDBOOK OF
LATIN AMERICAN SECURITY
Edited by David R. Mares and Arie M. Kacowicz
First published 2016
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
and by Routledge
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© 2016 selection and editorial material, David R. Mares and Arie M.
Kacowicz; individual chapters, the contributor
The right of the editor to be identified as the author of the editorial
material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been
asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs
and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced
or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means,
now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording,
or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in
writing from the publishers.
Trademark notice : Product or corporate names may be trademarks or
registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation
without intent to infringe.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Routledge handbook of Latin American security / edited by
David R. Mares and Arie M. Kacowicz.
pages cm
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. Security, International—Latin America. 2. National security—Latin
America. 3. Human security—Latin America. 4. Democracy—Latin
America. 5. Latin America—Politics and government. I. Mares,
David R. II. Kacowicz, Arie Marcelo.
JZ6009.L29N37 2015
355′.03308—dc23
2015003317
ISBN: 978-0-415-71869-1 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-315-86790-8 (ebk)
Typeset in Times New Roman
by Apex CoVantage, LLC
CONTENTS
List of tables ix
Preface by John J. Mearsheimer x
Acknowledgments xii
Abbreviations xiii
Notes on contributors xv
Introduction 1
David R. Mares and Arie M. Kacowicz
PART I
The evolution of security in Latin America 9
1 Security studies and security in Latin America:
the first 200 years 11
Arie M. Kacowicz and David R. Mares
PART II
Theoretical approaches to security in Latin America 31
2 Geopolitics in Latin America, old and new 33
Detlef Nolte and Leslie E. Wehner
3 Neoliberal institutionalism and neofunctionalism in
Latin American security studies 44
Andrés Malamud and Luis L. Schenoni
v
Contents
4 Who commands, who obeys, and who rebels: Latin American
security in a peripheral-realist perspective 56
Carlos Escudé
5 Securitization and the limits of democratic security 67
Arlene B. Tickner
6 Gender in security studies 78
Marcela Donadio
7 English school and constructivism 88
Federico Merke
8 Alternative governance in Latin America 99
Harold Trinkunas and Anne Clunan
PART III
Different ‘securities’ 111
9 Traditional security: war and peace 113
Cameron G. Thies
10 Cooperative security and regional governance 127
Andrés Serbin and Andrei Serbin Pont
11 Citizen security and human security in Latin America 138
Daniel M. Goldstein
12 Alterity and security: culture and survival beyond
the ‘Indian problem’ 149
José Antonio Lucero
13 Military strategy in Latin America 161
Gabriel Marcella
14 Pluralistic security communities in Latin America 173
Andrea Oelsner
PART IV
Contemporary regional security challenges 185
15 Relative peace and emerging fault lines: accounting for trends in
intrastate conflict in Latin America 187
Caroline A. Hartzell
vi
Contents
16 The rise of Brazil: concepts and comparisons 197
Christopher Darnton
17 Guerrillas, terrorists, or criminals? The new face of
antistate violence in Latin America 210
Román D. Ortiz
18 Weapons of mass destruction: will Latin America backtrack? 221
Carlo Patti
19 The politics of arms acquisitions in South America:
trends and research agenda 230
Jorge Battaglino
20 Latin American militaries in the 21st century: civil-military
relations in the era of disappearing boundaries 242
Deborah L. Norden
21 Interstate disputes: militarized coercion and ‘peaceful settlement’ 254
David R. Mares
22 Illicit threats: organized crime, drugs, and small arms 266
Phil Williams
23 Environmental security and disasters in Latin America
and the Caribbean: a blind spot in research 277
Gavin O’Toole
PART V
Latin America and contemporary international
security challenges 289
24 The impact of China on the security environment of
Latin America and the Caribbean 291
R. Evan Ellis
25 The United States’ impact on Latin America’s security
environment: the complexities of power disparity 302
David R. Mares
26 The Middle East and Latin America: implications for
Latin America’s security 313
Maria Velez de Berliner
vii
Contents
27 Latin America’s experience with peace support operations:
from peacekeeping recipients to peace exporters 324
Arturo C. Sotomayor
28 Latin America in the new world security architecture 336
Arie M. Kacowicz
Index 349
viii
LIST OF TABLES
6.1 Homicides/gender-based violence in Central American countries, 2012 81
9.1 Militarized interstate disputes (MIDs) in Latin America, 1826–2010 115
9.2 Interstate rivalries in Latin America 118
9.3 Intrastate wars in Latin America 119
9.4 Factors supporting zones of peace/cultures of anarchy 122
15.1 Latin America’s civil wars: Duration, intensity, and means of resolution 188
27.1 Troop contributions to UN peacekeeping by region, 2000 and 2010 325
27.2 Latin America’s contributions to UN peacekeeping operations, 2000–2010 326
27.3 Latin American troop and police contributions to UN peace operations,
February 2014 327
ix