Routing and Switching Essentials v6 Companion Guide

132 Pages·2016·3.29 MB·English

by  Cisco Networking Academy

Routing and Switching Essentials v6
Companion Guide
Cisco Networking Academy
Cisco Press
800 East 96th Street
Indianapolis, Indiana 46240 USA
ii Routing and Switching Essentials v6 Companion Guide
Editor-in-Chief
Routing and Switching Essentials v6
Mark Taub
Companion Guide
Alliances Manager,
Cisco Press
Cisco Networking Academy
Ron Fligge
Copyright © 2017 Cisco Systems, Inc.
Product Line Manager
Published by: Brett Bartow
Cisco Press
Executive Editor
800 East 96th Street
Mary Beth Ray
Indianapolis, IN 46240 USA
Managing Editor
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in Sandra Schroeder
any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,
Development Editor
recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written
Ellie C. Bru
permission from the publisher, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in
a review. Senior Project Editor
Tonya Simpson
Printed in the United States of America
Copy Editor
First Printing December 2016 Gill Editorial Services
Library of Congress Control Number: 2016956756 Technical Editor
Rick McDonald
ISBN-13: 978-1-58713-428-9
Editorial Assistant
ISBN-10: 1-58713-428-4 Vanessa Evans
Cover Designer
Ockomon Haus
Warning and Disclaimer
Composition
This book is designed to provide information about the Cisco Networking
codeMantra
Academy Routing and Switching Essentials course. Every effort has been made
to make this book as complete and as accurate as possible, but no warranty or Indexer
Erika Millen
fitness is implied.
Proofreader
The information is provided on an “as is” basis. The authors, Cisco Press, and
Sam Sunder
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entity with respect to any loss or damages arising from the information contained
in this book or from the use of the discs or programs that may accompany it.
The opinions expressed in this book belong to the author and are not necessar-
ily those of Cisco Systems, Inc.
iii
Trademark Acknowledgments
All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropri-
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Use of a term in this book should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service
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iv Routing and Switching Essentials v6 Companion Guide
About the Contributing Authors
Bob Vachon is a professor in the Computer Systems Technology program at
C ambrian College in Sudbury, Ontario, Canada, where he teaches networking infra-
structure courses. He has worked and taught in the computer networking and infor-
mation technology field since 1984. He has collaborated on various CCNA, CCNA
Security, CCNP, and IoT projects for the Cisco Networking Academy as team lead,
lead author, and subject matter expert. He enjoys playing guitar and being outdoors.
Allan Johnson entered the academic world in 1999 after 10 years as a business
owner/operator to dedicate his efforts to his passion for teaching. He holds both an
MBA and an M.Ed in training and development. He taught CCNA courses at the
high school level for seven years and has taught both CCNA and CCNP courses at
Del Mar College in Corpus Christi, Texas. In 2003, Allan began to commit much of
his time and energy to the CCNA Instructional Support Team providing services to
Networking Academy instructors worldwide and creating training materials. He now
works full time for Cisco Networking Academy as Curriculum Lead.
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Contents at a Glance
Introduction xxi
Chapter 1 Routing Concepts 1
Chapter 2 Static Routing 75
Chapter 3 Dynamic Routing 127
Chapter 4 Switched Networks 171
Chapter 5 Switch Configuration 203
Chapter 6 VLANs 245
Chapter 7 Access Control Lists 309
Chapter 8 DHCP 361
Chapter 9 NAT for IPv4 415
Chapter 10 Device Discovery, Management, and Maintenance 475
Appendix A Answers to the “Check Your Understanding” Questions 541
Glossary 555
Index 575
vi Routing and Switching Essentials v6 Companion Guide
Contents
Introduction xxi
Chapter 1 Routing Concepts 1
Objectives 1
Key Terms 1
Introduction (1.0.1.1) 3
Router Initial Configuration (1.1) 4
Router Functions (1.1.1) 4
Characteristics of a Network (1.1.1.1) 4
Why Routing? (1.1.1.2) 6
Routers Are Computers (1.1.1.3) 7
Routers Interconnect Networks (1.1.1.4) 9
Routers Choose Best Paths (1.1.1.5) 10
Packet-Forwarding Mechanisms (1.1.1.6) 11
Connect Devices (1.1.2) 14
Connect to a Network (1.1.2.1) 14
Default Gateways (1.1.2.2) 16
Document Network Addressing (1.1.2.3) 17
Enable IP on a Host (1.1.2.4) 18
Device LEDs (1.1.2.5) 19
Console Access (1.1.2.6) 21
Enable IP on a Switch (1.1.2.7) 22
Router Basic Settings (1.1.3) 23
Configure Basic Router Settings (1.1.3.1) 23
Configure an IPv4 Router Interface (1.1.3.2) 24
Configure an IPv6 Router Interface (1.1.3.3) 26
Configure an IPv4 Loopback Interface (1.1.3.4) 29
Verify Connectivity of Directly Connected
Networks (1.1.4) 30
Verify Interface Settings (1.1.4.1) 30
Verify IPv6 Interface Settings (1.1.4.2) 32
Filter Show Command Output (1.1.4.3) 35
Command History Feature (1.1.4.4) 36
Routing Decisions (1.2) 37
Switching Packets Between Networks (1.2.1) 37
Router Switching Function (1.2.1.1) 38
Send a Packet (1.2.1.2) 39
Forward to the Next Hop (1.2.1.3) 40
Packet Routing (1.2.1.4) 42
Reach the Destination (1.2.1.5) 43
vii
Path Determination (1.2.2) 44
Routing Decisions (1.2.2.1) 44
Best Path (1.2.2.2) 45
Load Balancing (1.2.2.3) 46
Administrative Distance (1.2.2.4) 47
Router Operation (1.3) 48
Analyze the Routing Table (1.3.1) 49
The Routing Table (1.3.1.1) 49
Routing Table Sources (1.3.1.2) 49
Remote Network Routing Entries (1.3.1.3) 51
Directly Connected Routes (1.3.2) 52
Directly Connected Interfaces (1.3.2.1) 52
Directly Connected Routing Table Entries (1.3.2.2) 53
Directly Connected Examples (1.3.2.3) 54
Directly Connected IPv6 Example (1.3.2.4) 55
Statically Learned Routes (1.3.3) 58
Static Routes (1.3.3.1) 58
Static Route Examples (1.3.3.2) 59
Static IPv6 Route Examples (1.3.3.3) 61
Dynamic Routing Protocols (1.3.4) 62
Dynamic Routing (1.3.4.1) 62
IPv4 Routing Protocols (1.3.4.2) 63
IPv4 Dynamic Routing Examples (1.3.4.3) 64
IPv6 Routing Protocols (1.3.4.4) 65
IPv6 Dynamic Routing Examples (1.3.4.5) 66
Summary (1.4) 67
Practice 68
Class Activities 68
Labs 68
Packet Tracer Activities 69
Check Your Understanding Questions 69
Chapter 2 Static Routing 75
Objectives 75
Key Terms 75
Introduction (2.0.1.1) 76
Implement Static Routes (2.1) 76
Static Routing (2.1.1) 77
Reach Remote Networks (2.1.1.1) 77
Why Use Static Routing? (2.1.1.2) 78
When to Use Static Routes (2.1.1.3) 79
viii Routing and Switching Essentials v6 Companion Guide
Types of Static Routes (2.1.2) 80
Static Route Applications (2.1.2.1) 80
Standard Static Route (2.1.2.2) 81
Default Static Route (2.1.2.3) 81
Summary Static Route (2.1.2.4) 82
Floating Static Route (2.1.2.5) 83
Configure Static and Default Routes (2.2) 84
Configure IPv4 Static Routes (2.2.1) 84
The ip route Command (2.2.1.1) 84
Next-Hop Options (2.2.1.2) 85
Configure a Next-Hop Static Route (2.2.1.3) 87
Configure a Directly Connected Static
Route (2.2.1.4) 88
Configure a Fully Specified Static Route (2.2.1.5) 90
Verify a Static Route (2.2.1.6) 92
Configure IPv4 Default Routes (2.2.2) 93
Default Static Route (2.2.2.1) 93
Configure a Default Static Route (2.2.2.2) 93
Verify a Default Static Route (2.2.2.3) 94
Configure IPv6 Static Routes (2.2.3) 95
The ipv6 route Command (2.2.3.1) 95
Next-Hop Options (2.2.3.2) 96
Configure a Next-Hop Static IPv6 Route (2.2.3.3) 99
Configure a Directly Connected Static IPv6
Route (2.2.3.4) 100
Configure a Fully Specified Static IPv6 Route
(2.2.3.5) 102
Verify IPv6 Static Routes (2.2.3.6) 103
Configure IPv6 Default Routes (2.2.4) 104
Default Static IPv6 Route (2.2.4.1) 104
Configure a Default Static IPv6 Route (2.2.4.2) 105
Verify a Default Static Route (2.2.4.3) 105
Configure Floating Static Routes (2.2.5) 106
Floating Static Routes (2.2.5.1) 106
Configure an IPv4 Floating Static Route (2.2.5.2) 107
Test the IPv4 Floating Static Route (2.2.5.3) 108
Configure an IPv6 Floating Static Route (2.2.5.4) 110
Configure Static Host Routes (2.2.6) 111
Automatically Installed Host Routes (2.2.6.1) 111
Configure IPv4 and IPv6 Static Host Routes (2.2.6.2) 113
Troubleshoot Static and Default Route (2.3) 115
Packet Processing with Static Routes (2.3.1) 115
Static Routes and Packet Forwarding (2.3.1.1) 115
ix
Troubleshoot IPv4 Static and Default Route
Configuration (2.3.2) 116
Troubleshoot a Missing Route (2.3.2.1) 116
Solve a Connectivity Problem (2.3.2.2) 118
Summary (2.4) 122
Practice 123
Class Activities 123
Labs 123
Packet Tracer Activities 123
Check Your Understanding Questions 124
Chapter 3 Dynamic Routing 127
Objectives 127
Key Terms 127
Introduction (3.0.1.1) 129
Dynamic Routing Protocols (3.1) 130
Dynamic Routing Protocol Overview (3.1.1) 130
Dynamic Routing Protocol Evolution (3.1.1.1) 130
Dynamic Routing Protocol Components (3.1.1.2) 132
Dynamic Versus Static Routing (3.1.2) 133
Static Routing Uses (3.1.2.1) 133
Static Routing Advantages and Disadvantages
(3.1.2.2) 134
Dynamic Routing Protocols Uses (3.1.2.3) 134
Dynamic Routing Advantages and Disadvantages
(3.1.2.4) 135
RIPv2 (3.2) 136
Configuring the RIP Protocol (3.2.1) 136
Router RIP Configuration Mode (3.2.1.1) 136
Advertise Networks (3.2.1.2) 138
Verify RIP Routing (3.2.1.3) 139
Enable and Verify RIPv2 (3.2.1.4) 140
Disable Auto Summarization (3.2.1.5) 142
Configure Passive Interfaces (3.2.1.6) 143
Propagate a Default Route (3.2.1.7) 145
The Routing Table (3.3) 147
Parts of an IPv4 Route Entry (3.3.1) 147
Routing Table Entries (3.3.1.1) 148
Directly Connected Entries (3.3.1.2) 149
Remote Network Entries (3.3.1.3) 150
Dynamically Learned IPv4 Routes (3.3.2) 151