Romantic Diasporas: French Émigrés, British Convicts, and Jews PDF
Preview Romantic Diasporas: French Émigrés, British Convicts, and Jews
Romantic Diasporas Nineteenth-Century Major Lives and Letters Series Editor: Marilyn Gaull The nineteenth century invented major figures: gifted, productive, and influ- ential writers and artists in English, European, and American public life who captured and expressed what Hazlitt called “The Spirit of the Age.” Their achievements summarize, reflect, and shape the cultural traditions they inherited and influence the quality of life that followed. Before radio, film, and journalism deflected the energies of authors and audiences alike, literary forms such as popular verse, song lyrics, biographies, memoirs, letters, nov- els, reviews, essays, children’s books, and drama generated a golden age of letters incomparable in Western history. Nineteenth-Century Major Lives and Letters presents a series of original biographical, critical, and scholarly stud- ies of major figures evoking their energies, achievements, and their impact on the character of this age. Projects to be included range from works on Blake to Hardy, Erasmus Darwin to Charles Darwin, Wordsworth to Yeats, Coleridge and J. S. Mill, Joanna Baillie, Jane Austen, Sir Walter Scott, Byron, Shelley, Keats to Dickens, Tennyson, George Eliot, Browning, Hopkins, Lewis Carroll, Rudyard Kipling, and their contemporaries. The series editor is Marilyn Gaull, PhD from Indiana University. She has served on the faculty at Temple University, New York University, and is now Research Professor at the Editorial Institute at Boston University. She brings to the series decades of experience as editor of books on nineteenth-century literature and culture. She is the founder and editor of The Wordsworth Circle, author of English Romanticism: The Human Context, publishes editions, essays, and reviews in numerous journals and lectures internationally on British Romanticism, folklore, and narrative theory. PUBLISHED BY PALGRAVE: Shelley’s German Afterlives, by Susanne Schmid Romantic Literature, Race, and Colonial Encounter, by Peter J. Kitson Coleridge, the Bible, and Religion, by Jeffrey W. Barbeau Byron: Heritage and Legacy, edited by Cheryl A. Wilson The Long and Winding Road from Blake to the Beatles, by Matthew Schneider British Periodicals and Romantic Identity, by Mark Schoenfield Women Writers and Nineteenth-Century Medievalism, by Clare Broome Saunders British Victorian Women’s Periodicals, by Kathryn Ledbetter Romantic Diasporas: French Émigrés, British Convicts, and Jews, by Toby R. Benis FORTHCOMING TITLES: Romantic Literary Families, by Scott Krawczyk Victorian Christmas in Print, by Tara Moore Reading Popular Culture in Victorian Periodicals, by Alberto Gabriele From Song to Print, by Terence Hoagwood Gothic Romanticism, by Tom Duggett Royal Romances, by Kristin Samuelian Romantic Diasporas: French Émigrés, British Convicts, and Jews Toby R. Benis ROMANTIC DIASPORAS Copyright © Toby R. Benis, 2009. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2009 978-0-230-61065-1 All rights reserved. First published in 2009 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN® in the United States—a division of St. Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Where this book is distributed in the UK, Europe and the rest of the world, this is by Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-37646-9 ISBN 978-0-230-62264-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9780230622647 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Benis, Toby R., 1963– Romantic diasporas : French émigrés, British convicts, and Jews / Toby R. Benis. p. cm.—(Nineteenth-century major lives & letters) ISBN 978–0–230–61065–1 (alk. paper) 1. English literature—19th century—History and criticism. 2. Romanticism—Great Britain. 3. Exiles in literature. 4. French— Great Britain—History—19th century. 5. Jews—Great Britain— History—19th century. 6. British—Australia—History–19th century. 7. Emigration and immigration in literature. 8. Jewish diaspora in literature. 9. National characteristics, British, in literature. I. Title. PR457.B34 2009 820.9(cid:1)145—dc22 2008045139 A catalogue record of the book is available from the British Library. Design by Newgen Imaging Systems (P) Ltd., Chennai, India. First edition: July 2009 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 For Michael This page intentionally left blank Contents Acknowledgments ix Introduction 1 1 “Boundless, yet Distinct”: The Émigré Experience and the 1790s 25 2 The French Connection in Frances Burney and Mary Shelley 59 3 Beyond the Convict Taint: George Barrington and the Colonial Cure 85 4 The Scottish Martyrs and the Reform of Narrative 107 5 Edgeworth and the Jews: Diaspora and Political Control 131 Notes 161 Works Cited 181 Index 193 This page intentionally left blank Acknowledgments M y life and circumstances have changed immensely since I began this project, and I have often felt, in writing about diaspora, that I was living it as well. I owe much to those who have seen me through these changes in location and fortune. Marilyn Gaull’s faith in me has never wavered, placing me among a very fortunate generation of younger scholars sustained by her friendship, optimism, and extraor- dinary good sense. I have buttonholed a number of mentors and col- leagues over the years to read parts of this manuscript, and they have responded with invaluable suggestions and criticisms. These readers include Jeffory Clymer, Steven E. Jones, Karl Kroeber, Peter Manning, Caroline Reitz, Sheila Spector, Anne Wallace, Phyllis Weliver, and the members of the Eighteenth-Century Salon at Washington University in St. Louis. For years, my trusty colleagues at the Saint Louis University Research Group—Georgia Johnston, Sherry Lindquist, Colleen McCluskey, Hal Parker, and Annie Smart—provided crucial encouragement and strategic prodding. Frederic Biélaszka-DuVernay generously helped with French translations, particularly the lengthy and challenging De Par le Comte d’Artois, Roi de Botani-Bay, Aux terres Australes et peuplades de malfaiteurs échappés de l’échaffaud et des galères anglaises. The staff of the British Library and the Bodelian Library helped me navigate the archive of émigré and convict mate- rials; research at both institutions was funded in part by a Summer Research Award from the Graduate School of Saint Louis University, and by Mellon Grants from the College of Arts and Sciences, as well as a Provost’s Faculty Research Leave. Portions of Chapter 1, Chapter 3, and Chapter 4 were published separately in European Romantic Review, Australian Literary Studies, and Criticism.
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