Rock Engineering Design

490 Pages·2011·27.755 MB·English

by  Feng, Xia-Ting, Hudson, John A

Feng
Hudson
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With regard to construction on and in rock masses, the subject g
of Rock Engineering Design, in combination with its supporting i
n
subject of rock mechanics, has been experiencing a significant
e
shift in approach thanks to advances in rock site investiga-
e
tion techniques, computing, access to information and site
r
monitoring. The current emphasis on safety, accountability and
sustainability thus requires stricter considerations and greater i
n
reliability than ever before.
g

With a modern approach and anticipating future developments,
D
this volume introduces a fresh methodology suitable for the
e
design of all types of rock engineering projects, both at the
s
surface and underground. Guidance is provided on the nature
i
of modelling to support design, on flowcharts, on the informa- g
tion required and on the procedure for the technical auditing of n
modelling and design. Moreover, the use of computer programs, Rock
model calibration through site observation, interpretation of
computer results and virtual underground laboratories are de-
scribed and explained. Elaborate case studies on the design and
Xia-Ting Feng & John A. Hudson
construction of a rock slope and of a large underground hydro-
electric plant, as well as technical auditing protocol sheets with
Engineering
examples, further facilitate bringing theory into practice.
Written by two eminent authors, this modern and illustrated
guide on Rock Engineering Design will benefit engineers, con-
tractors, clients, researchers, lecturers and advanced students
who are working on rock engineering projects in civil, mining, Design
geological and construction engineering.
Templates of the protocol sheets can be downloaded from
www.crcpress.com.
an informa business
Rock Engineering Design
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Frontispiece
Site investigation borehole core from a Chinese project, illustrating intense core d iscing
as a result of high in situ stresses.
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Rock Engineering Design
Xia-Ting Feng
Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
John A. Hudson
Department of Earth Science and Engineering
Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine
London, UK
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CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
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© 2011 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
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Version Date: 20120620
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-203-09337-5 (eBook - PDF)
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Dedication
This book is dedicated to
Professor Lin Yunmei of North-Eastern University, Shenyang, China, who, as Professor
Feng’s PhD advisor, stimulated his interest in intelligent rock mechanics methods,
and to
Professor Charles Fairhurst of the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA, who,
as Professor Hudson’s PhD advisor, kindled his interest in rock mechanics and rock
engineering.
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Contents
Preface xv
Acknowledgements xvii
About the authors xix
1 Introduction 1
1.1 The purpose of this book 1
1.2 The structure of the book 2
1.3 The ‘long learning curve’ 2
1.4 Rock engineering design, related subjects and the future 3
1.5 Chinese rock mechanics and Chinese rock engineering 6
1.6 Examples of rock engineering projects in China 7
1.7 Problems remaining to be solved 10
1.8 Chapter summaries 13
2 The ways ahead for rock engineering design methodologies 15
2.1 Introduction 15
2.2 Modelling and engineering design approaches 16
2.3 The integrated design approach 19
2.4 Modelling approaches which utilise computer networks 22
2.4.1 Internet/Intranet/Local Area Network (LAN)-based
parallel computing 22
2.4.2 Internet-neural network analogy 22
2.4.3 Why do we need collaborative research on the internet? 23
2.5 The idea of a Virtual Rock Mechanics Facility (VRMF) 25
2.6 Development of the method D, level 2, methods: ‘intelligent’
modelling 26
2.7 The integrated methodology for rock slope design 27
2.7.1 Determination of slope angle using neural network
models 29
2.7.2 Recognition of failure modes using an expert system 34
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viii Contents
2.7.3 Estimation of the stability of slopes and their safety
factors using integrated intelligent methods 34
2.7.4 Comprehensive integrated intelligent system for slope
design 39
2.8 Case example using the rock slope integrated design
methodology 39
2.9 Chapter summary 44
3 Flowcharts for rock engineering modelling and design 47
3.1 Introduction and summary of earlier work 47
3.2 The rock engineering modelling and design process 58
3.2.1 Updated rock engineering flowchart 58
3.2.2 Steps in the rock engineering design process 59
3.2.3 Project purpose, constraints and key features of the site,
rock mass and project 60
3.2.4 Establishing the design approach strategy via the
modelling options 61
3.2.5 Utilising the principles of modelling and code
implementation 62
3.2.6 Establishing and verifying/validating the design 64
3.3 Use of the procedure in three illustrative case examples 64
3.3.1 Illustrative Example 1: The design of a conventional
tunnel—Design of the Qiaotou tunnel, Yuanmo
Expressway, China 64
3.3.2 Illustrative Example 2: The design of the powerhouse
cavern for the Shuibuya project, Hubei Province, China 66
3.3.3 Illustrative Example 3: The design of an underground
radioactive waste repository in crystalline rock 79
3.4 Chapter summary 83
4 Specifying the information required for rock mechanics modelling
and rock engineering design 85
4.1 Introduction 85
4.2 The different types of information required by the different
modelling methods 86
4.2.1 Forward analysis and the eight basic modelling methods 86
4.2.2 Back analysis and the feedback information 90
4.3 Obtaining the required information and problems associated
with site investigation and in situ monitoring 91
4.3.1 The site investigation 91
4.3.2 An information theory approach 91
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Contents ix
4.3.3 Potential lack of communication between designer, site
investigation personnel, construction personnel
and monitoring—and the remedy 92
4.3.4 Recommended procedure for establishing the required
information 93
4.4 Illustrative case examples 94
4.4.1 Basic rock slope: potential wedge failure, Rubha Mor,
Loch Lomond, Scotland, UK 94
4.4.2 High rock slope at the Longtan Hydropower project,
China 97
4.5 Chapter summary 108
5 Technical auditing of rock mechanics modelling and rock
engineering design 109
5.1 Introduction 109
5.1.1 Purpose and principles of technical auditing 109
5.1.2 Information supporting the technical audit 109
5.1.3 ‘Soft’, ‘semi-hard’ and ‘hard’ technical audits and
the audit evaluation 110
5.2 Demonstration Example 1: The procedure for technically
auditing a site investigation measurement—in situ rock stress
(soft audit) 111
5.2.1 Background 111
5.2.2 Auditing rock stress measurements 112
5.2.3 Discussion and conclusions relating to Demonstration
Example 1 115
5.3 Demonstration Example 2: Technical audit of modelling for
the design of hydropower caverns at the Laxiwa Yellow River
site in China (Semi-Hard Audit) 116
5.3.1 The Laxiwa hydropower project on the Yellow River 116
5.3.2 Integrated intelligent recognition of model parameters
for brittle rock masses in high stress fields 121
5.3.3 Auditing the modelling for the Laxiwa project design 164
5.3.4 Conclusions from the Laxiwa case example 166
5.4 Chapter summary 176
6 Case example of the design and construction of a rock slope 179
6.1 Introduction 179
6.2 Types and features of large rock slopes at hydropower stations 179
6.3 Flowchart for the design of large rock slopes for hydropower
stations 179
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