REVIEW OF THE NEW WORLD TREEHOPPER TRIBE STEGASPIDINI (HEMIPTERA : MEMBRACIDAE : STEGASPIDINAE): II: LYCODERES GERMAR, OEDA AMYOT AND SERVILLE, AND ST EGASPIS GERMAR

19 Pages·1999·9.3 MB·

by  J R Cryan

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PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH.
101(4). 1999, pp. 760-778
REVIEW OF THE NEW WORLD TREEHOPPER TRIBE STEGASPIDINI
(HEMIPTERA: MEMBRACIDAE: STEGASPIDINAE): LYCODERES
II:
GERMAR, OEDA AMYOT AND SERVILLE, AND STEGASPIS GERMAR
Jason R. Cryan and Lewis L. Deitz
Department of Entomology, Box 7613, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
27695-7613, U.S.A. (LLD e-mail: [email protected]); JRC current address: Depart-
ment of Zoology, 574 Widtsoe Bldg., Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602,
U.S.A. (JRC e-mail: [email protected])
—
Abstract. Three genera in the treehopper tribe S—tegaspidini Haupt LycoderesGermar,
Oeda Amyot and Serville, and Stegaspis Germar are redescribed and illustrated based
on adult and nymphal morphology. Lycoderes has 36 valid species, including L. nathan-
ieli Cryan, new species; Oeda has 4 valid species and Stegaspis has 2. Six previously
described Lycoderes species are here placed to subgenus for the first time: L. fernandezi
Striimpel, L. liiteus Funkhouser, L. phasianus Fowler, and L. serraticornis Fowler are
included in the subgenus Lycoderides Sakakibara; L. capitatus Buckton and L. minamen
(Buckton) are included in the subgenus Lycoderes Germar An updated taxonomic key
and a complete species checklist, including all synonymies, are given for each genus.
Key Words: Membracidae, Stegaspidini, Lycoderes, Oeda, Stegaspis, taxonomy
This work, the second in a series ofthree The following codens are used herein to re-
publications on the treehopper tribe Stegas- fer to the collections in which relevant
pidini (Hemiptera: Membracidae: Stegas- specimens are located or have been depos-
pidinae), includes redescriptions ofthe gen- ited. Amett et al. (1993a) listed the full
era Lycoderes Germar, Oeda Amyot and postal addresses for most ofthe institutions;
Serville, and Stegaspis Germar The genera those not found in that publication are in-
Bocydium Latreille, Lirania Stal, and Smer- dicated by a dagger (t) following the cod-
dalea Fowler were treated in part I (Cryan en.
and Deitz 1999a); Flexocentrus Coding, AMNH: American Museum of Natural
Stylocentrus Stal, and Umbelligerus Deitz History, New York, New York,
will be addressed in part III (Cryan and USA.
Deitz, in press). Part I also included an in- BMNH: Department of Entomology, The
troduction to this review series, explana-
Natural History Museum, Lon-
tions and illustrations of relevant morpho-
don, United Kingdom.
logical features, a redefinition of the tribe BPBM: Department of Entomology,
Stegaspidini, and a taxonomic key for the
Bernice P. Bishop Museum,
identification of included genera.
Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.
CNCI: Canadian National Collection of
Materials and Methods
Insects, Eastern Cereal and Oil-
Methods used in this work were de- seed Research Centre, Agricul-
scribed in part I (Cryan and Deitz 1999a). ture and Agri-Food Canada, Re-
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VOLUME 101, NUMBER 4 761
search Branch, Ottawa, Ontario, von Hamburg, Hamburg, Ger-
Canada. many.
EMUS: Entomological Museum, Depart-
Following each distribution record in the
ment ofBiology, Utah State Uni-
text is either a coden (see above) or a su-
versity, Logan, Utah, USA.
perscript number. Codens refer to a collec-
INBC: Instituto Nacional de Biodiver-
tion that includes specimens validating that
sidad, Santo Domingo, Costa
record (only one collection is listed in most
Rica. cases, although multiple collections may
IZAV: Instituto de Zoologia Agricola, have specimens validating the distribution
Universidad Central de Venezue- record); superscript numbers document rec-
MZLU: Mlau,sMearuamcaoyf,ZAoroalgougay,, VLeunnedzueUlnai.- ocrodnsfifrrmoemd tihne ltihtiesratwuorerkth—atrehfaevreenncoets baereen:
versity, Helgonavagen, Lund, 'Metcalf and Wade 1965a, -Ceballos-Ben-
Sweden. dezu 1980a, and ^Remes-Lenicov 1976b.
NCSU: North Carolina State University Unverified distribution records from the lit-
Insect Collection, Department of erature should be used with caution, as
Entomology, North Carolina some may be based on misidentified spec-
State University, Raleigh, North imens.
Carolina, USA. The location and structure of suprahu-
QCAZ: Quito Catholic Zoology Muse- meral horns vary greatly within the tribe
um, Departamento de Biologia, Stegaspidini, and even within some genera;
Pontificia Universidad Catolica nevertheless, the nature of these pronotal
del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador. extensions usually provides excellent taxo-
SEMC: Snow Entomological Museum, nomic features at the specific and generic
University of Kansas, Lawrence, levels. We consider any pronotal extensions
Kansas, USA. located above the humeral angles to be su-
SHMCt: S. H. McKamey Collection, cur- prahumeral horns. Thus, the unbranched
rently at the United States De- processes of Lycoderes and Oeda spp.
partment of Agriculture, Agri- (Figs. 2-3, 11, 17-18), the stalked bulbs of
cultural Research Service, Sys- Bocydium spp. (Cryan and Deitz 1999a:
tematic Entomology Laboratory, figs. 9, 11, 13), and the sometimes trifur-
% National Museum of Natural cating horns of Smerdalea spp. (Cryan and
History, MRC-168, Washington, Deitz 1995a: figs. 2, 9, 16) are homologous.
D.C., USA.
Genus Lycoderes Germar, 1835a
TKWCt: T. K. Wood Collection, currently
at the Department of Entomolo- Lycoderes Germar 1835a: 259. Type spe-
gy and Applied Ecology, Uni- cies: Centrotus ancora Germar 1821a, by
versity of Delaware, Newark, original designation.
Delaware, USA. Sycoderes [sic] Spinola 1850a: 54.
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UCDC: The Bohart Museum of Ento- Diagnosis. Pronotum elevated, often
mology, University of Califor- foliaceous, bearing apical or subapical su-
nia, Davis, California, USA. prahumeral horns; foliate lobes of the head
USNM: Department of Entomology, Na- not covering the postclypeus.
tional Museum of Natural His- Adult. Dimensions (mm): Total length
tory, Smithsonian Institution, 5.0-8.7. Structure: Head(Figs. 1-3): Fine-
Washington, D.C., USA. ly setose; dorsal projections either very
ZMUH: Zoologisches Institut und Zool- small or absent; ocelli on or above centro-
ogisches Museum, Universitat ocular line; foliate lobes rounded; postcly-
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
762
Figs. 1-9. Lycoderes species. 1. L. amazoniciis, head, anterior aspect (face). 2, L. amazonicus, head, pro-
notum, and scutellum, anterolateral aspect. 3, L. mitratiis. head, pronotum, and scutellum, anterolateral aspect.
4, L. mitratus. left metathoracic femur, tibia, and tarsus, ablateral aspect. 5, L. (Lycodehdes) amazonicus. right
forewing. 6, L. (Lycoderes) ancora, right forewing. 7. L. mitratus, female second valvulae, lateral aspect. 8, L.
mitratus, male aedeagus and left style, lateral aspect. 9, L. marginalis, late-instar nymph, lateral aspect.
VOLUME 101, NUMBER 4 763
—
peus usually strongly trilobed. Thorax: Material examined. 13 specimens from
Pronotum (Figs. 2-3): Metopidium elevat- AMNH; 22 from BMNH; 8 from BPBM; 6
ed into compressed anterior horn of vari- from CNCI; 8 from INBC; 25 from IZAV;
able length, with suprahumeral horns at (or 4 from MZLU; 67 from NCSU; 3 from
just below) apex; suprahumeral horns al- QCAZ; 48 from SHMC; 15 from TKWC;
ways unbranched, of variable size and 115 from USNM.
—
shape; posterior process variable (folia- Remarks. Sakakibara (1972b) pub-
ceous, semi-foliaceous, or simple), com- lished a major revision of Lycoderes, in-
pletely concealing scutellum in some spe- cluding descriptions and illustrations of
cies (Fig. 2), not concealing scutellum in most species (excluding those not occurring
others (Fig. 3). Pronotal surface sculptur- in Brazil), as well as a taxonomic key. We
ing (Fig. 35): Punctate; pits shallow, present the description of a new species, a
spaced closely together, each associated checklist of described Lycoderes species
with a single long, narrow seta. Scutellum (listing synonymies and new subgeneric
(Fig. 3): Relatively short, weakly produced placements), a modified translation of Sak-
anteriorly, with emarginate apex. Legs (Fig. akibara's key (originally published in Por-
4): Tibiae foliaceous in some species; tuguese), and selected new illustrations for
metathoracic femur without dorsal row of descriptive purposes. Several Lycoderes
cucuUate setae, tibiae with cucullate setae species were not examined during this
in enlarged setal row II (and, rarely. III); work, and so we present the modified trans-
cucullate setae absent fromrow I. Forewing lation of Sakakibara's dichotomous key
(Figs. 5-6): Basal Vs coriaceous, distal % rather than a novel, comprehensive key. Ly-
either hyaline or semi-translucent; vein R2+3 coderes exhibits a relatively high degree of
basally fused with R,; 1 r-m and 1 m-cu sexual dimorphism, often making species
crossvein present (location ofcrossvein dif- identification difficult; although Sakaki-
fers between subgenera). Genitalia: 9 2"'' bara's treatment alleviated much of this
:
valvulae (Fig. 7) slightly curved dorsally, confusion, further work remains to deter-
of roughly uniform width, tapered apically; mine the status of species that were omitted
dorsal ridge of distal V2 usually with small or new since his contribution. Reference to
serrations. 6: Lateral plates fused to py- Sakakibara's figures (1972b) is recommend-
gofer; aedeagus and styles (Fig. 8) relative- ed when identifying specimens of Lycod-
ly elongate; aedeagus tapered apically, an- eres to the species level.
terior face of posterior arm with preapical The subgenera Lycoderides and Lycod-
area denticulate; styles of variable width, eres are defined by the shape of cell M1+2
always with strongly hooked ap—ices. (the fourth apical cell of the forewings;
Late-instar nymph (Fig. 9). Unknown Figs. 5-6, respectively), although it is the
for most species; pronotum laterally flat- placement of the r-m crossvein in relation
M
tened, metopidium vertically produced into to the fork of vein that determines the
low median horn; tibiae foliaceous, fringed cell's shape. Several species previously un-
with setae; lateral lamellae, present on ab- placed in the genus Lycoderes are here as-
dominal s—egments 5-9, fringed with setae. signed to either the subgenus Lycoderides
Range. Argentina [AMNH]; Bolivia Sakakibara (r-m crossvein either basad of,
[USNM]; Brazil [NCSU]; Peru [USNM]; or at, the fork ofvein M) or Lycoderes Ger-
Ecuador [NCSU]; French Guiana'; Surina- mar (r-m crossvein distad of the fork of
me [USNM]; Guyana [NCSU]; Venezuela vein M). Included in the subgenus Lycod-
[IZAV]; Trinidad [BMNH]; Colombia erides are: L. fernandezi Striimpel (1988a:
[USNM]; Panama [USNM]; Costa Rica 147), L. luteus Funkhouser (1940a: 275), L.
[INBC]; Nicaragua'; Honduras'; Guatemala phasianus Fowler (1896e: 164), and L. ser-
[USNM]; Mexico [USNM]. raticornis Fowler (1896e: 165); included in
—— —
764 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
the subgenus Lycoderes are: L. capitatus 2.1. Coloration: Pronotum generally dark
Buckton (1903a: 203) and L. minamen brown with lighter metopidium; constric-
(Buckton) (1903b: 51). tion in posterior pronotal process tan; scu-
The immature stages are unknown for tellum with dark brown anterior base and
most Lycoderes species; those that are pale apex; forewings hyaline with darker
known appear very similar to the nymphs basal and apical pigmentation. Structure:
of the closely related genus Stegaspis, dif- Head: Face (Figs. 10-11) with fine pu-
fering primarily in their less foliaceous tib- bescence; ocelli on centro-ocular line;
iae (Figs. 9, 34). Host plant information is dorsal projections small, nearly indistin-
limited to the following: Richter (1942c) re- guishable, with apices separated by a dis-
ported L. serraticornis on Belinda sp. tance just shorter than the distance be-
(family Melastomataceae) and L. petasus tween ocelli. Thorax: Pronotum (Figs.
from an unspecified species of the same 11-12): Middorsal ridge slightly pro-
family; Haviland (1925a) collected L. hip- duced, extending over full length ofpron-
pocampus on unidentified low shrubs in otum; supraocular callosities distinct; hu-
"shaded places," noting the absence of ant meral angles moderately produced; pron-
attendants; Wood (1984a) reported L. phas- otum raised vertically, with suprahumeral
ianus from Miconia sp. (Melastomataceae); horns and posterior process well above
McKamey (pers. comm.) collected Lycod- body and a slightly raised carina on each
eres from Vismia sp. (Guttiferae). side, extending both anteriorly and pos-
The Greek generic name, ''Lycoderes,"'' teriorly; suprahumeral horns extending
translates as "wolf neck,'' probably com- horizontally and anteriorly, curving in-
paring the enlarged pronotal metopidium to ward, apices nearly meeting to approxi-
the hackles on a canine neck. When making mate a circle; posterior process extending
a generic name that refers to a feature of to end of abdomen, laterally compressed,
the prothorax, it is customary to modify the with semi-constricted median area; apex
Greek noun ''dere"" to ''deres,"" thereby of posterior process with one pyramiform,
making the name masculine (W. Kuschel, lateral projection on each side. Scutellum
personal communication). Therefore, the (Fig. 11): Relatively short; slightly pro-
names of Lycoderes species should have duced for entire length (anterior region
masculine endings, unless the name is a raised higher); apex acuminate. Legs (Fig.
noun in opposition. 13): Metathoracic femur lacking dorsal
row of cucullate setae; metathoracic tibia
Lycoderes (Lycoderides) nathanieli with three enlarged setal rows: setal row
Cryan, new species
I lacking cucullate setae, rows II and III
(Fi—gs. 10-15) with few, very reduced cucullate setae
Type locality. Sierrazul, Napo Prov- only on distal halves of produced ridges.
ince, Ecuador. Forewing (Fig. 14): Basal Va slightly
Diagnosis. Lycoderes nathanieli has thickened, punctate except for area be-
enlarged suprahumeral horns extending an- tween vein Cu and claval suture; 1 r-m
teriorly and curving toward the midline; the and 1 m-cu crossvein. Genitalia (Fig. 15):
elevated posterior pronotal process bears 2"^^ valvulae relatively uniform in width
two small pyramiform 'horns' apically; and slightly curving dorsally; dorsal ridge
metathoracic tibia with reduced cucullate lacking serration. 6 Unknown.
:—
setae in rows II and III. Late-instar n—ymph. Unknown.
Adult (9). Dimensions (mm): Total Distribution. Ecuador: Napo Province.
length 9.9; width between humeral angles Material examined. Holotype: [9, dis-
2.3; pronotal length 7.2; forewing length sected] from Escuela Politecnica Nacional,
8.2; maximum width of head across eyes Quito, Ecuador (on indefinite loan to
VOLUME 101, NUMBER 4 765
Figs. 10-15. Lycoderes nathanieli, structures of the holotype. 10, Head, anterior aspect (face). 11, Head,
pronotum, and scutellum, anterolateral aspect. 12, Head and pronotum, dorsal aspect. 13, Left metathoracic
femur, tibia, and tarsus, ablateral aspect. 14, Right forewing. 15, Female second valvulae, lateral aspect.
USNM), with labels "ECUADOR: Napo O. hamulata, albeit much more produced.
Prov./Sierrazul, 2,200 m/SW of Baeza/O Unlike most other species ofLycoderes, the
40'S 77 55'W 22-30/Jan. 1996, T. J. Hen- metathoracic tibiae ofL. nathanieli bear re-
ry" and "Holotype / Lycodereslnathanielil duced cucullate setae in the distal halves of
J. R. Cryan.—" setal rows II and III. Position of the r-m
Remarks. The pronotal structure of L. crossvein (basad of the fork of vein M)
nathanieli is unusual in that the metopidium places L. nathanieli in the subgenus Lycod-
and posterior pronotal process are similarto erides.
those of other Lycoderes (and even Stegas- This species is named for Nathaniel
pis) species, but the suprahumeral horns are Cryan, who was bom during the prepara-
reminiscent of those of Oeda informis and tion of this publication.
.
766 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
Partial Key to Subgenera and Species distance much less than 2X maximum length
OF Adult Lycoderes of head 12
9. Suprahumeral horns basally inflated, basal
(Modified from Sakakibara 1972b)
width greaterthan width betweenhumeralan-
1. Forewing (Fig. 5) with r-m crossvein basad gles; in anterior view, the contour line ofthe
of, orat, forkofvein M; cell M|+2 transverse, pronotal arch more or less in form of a half-
more or less triangular; Subgenus Lycodeh- moon L. mitratus Germar
des Sakakibara 2 - Suprahumeral horns not inflated, basal width
- Forewing (Fig. 6) with r-m crossvein distad muchsmallerthan widthbetweenhumeralan-
of fork of vein M; cell M,,, not transverse, gles (Fig. 3); in anterior view, space between
more orless trapezoidal; SubgenusLycoderes suprahumeral horns concave 10
Germar 7 10. Forewing ferrugineous, with one transverse,
2. Pronotum with suprahumeral horns long, or translucent median band; posterior pronotal
at least contiguous 3 process sickle-shaped . . . L.furcifer Sakakibara
- Pronotum with suprahumeral horns much - Forewing dark chestnut in color, with one hy-
shortened, situated laterally, with slightly el- aline area adjoining costal margin; posterior
evated longitudinal, median carina between pronotal process nearly adjoining scutellum
them (Fig. 2) 5 along its outline (contour) 11
3. Suprahumeral horns extending anteriorly 11 Forewing with hyaline area distinctly trian-
from pronotum, curving in towards midline gular L. reichardti Sakakibara
L. natluinieli Cryan, new species - Forewing with hyaline area elongate, more or
- Suprahumeral horns variable, not as above 4 less shaped like a half-moon
4. Suprahumeral horns contiguous; posterior L. apertus (Walker)
pronotalprocessnearly straight, itslowerbas- 12. Forewing entirely dark 13
al portion very close to scutellum; forewing - Forewing with one transverse band or one
with one small, triangular, hyaline area ad- nearly hyaline median area 14
joiningcostal margin,occupied bycellR, and 13. Pronotum strongly elevated above head,
cell R2+3. the discoidal cell, and a small part reaching a height nearly equal to its length,
ofcostal area L. burmeisteh Fairmaire in lateral view L-shaped
- Suprahumeral horns divergent; posterior L.fabricii Metcalfand Wade
pronotal process slightly sinuous, its lower - Pronotum regularly elevated above head,
basal portion more remote from scutellum; reaching a height just greater than half its
forewing with one large, triangular, hyaline length, in lateral view more or less triangular
area adjoining costal margin, with discoidal L. unicolor Fairmaire
cell in its center L.fusciis Amyot and Serville 14. Forewing with a round, median, hyaline area;
5. Pronotal process strongly elevated, subcy- frontal view with pronotum swollen at apex
lindrical; posteriorprocessextendinghorizon- L. clavatiis Sakakibara
tally fromthe posteromedial portionofprono- - Forewing with a transverse hyaline band;
tal cylinder, curving basally and after, back- frontal view with pronotum not swollen at
wards at an angle, straight, shaped like steps apex 15
ofa staircase L. ^nidatus Sakakibara 15. Base of posterior pronotal process removed
- Pronotal process not much elevated, more or from scutellum by a distance equal to or
lessconstricted; slightly sinuateposteriorpro- greater than its length 16
cess originating subapically or basally (on - Base ofposteriorprocessadjoiningorslightly
pronotal process) and extending over abdo- removed from scutellum 19
men (Fig. 2) 6 16. Apex of posterior pronotal process reaching
6. Each suprahumeral horn, viewed fromabove, innerangle offorewing; abdomenorangecol-
triangular, much longer than its basal width ored L. cincora (Germar)
L. hippocampus (Fabricius) - Apex ofposterior pronotal process not reach-
- Each suprahumeral horn, viewed from above, ing inner angle of forewing; abdomen ashen
rounded, shorter than its basal width L. aina- or chestnut colored 17
zonicus Sakakibara, L. brevilohus Sakakibara 17. Apices of suprahumeral horns separated by a
7. Male 8 distance approximately equal to width be-
- Female 23 tween humeral angles; posteriorpronotal pro-
8. Apices ofsuprahumeral horns separated by a cess constricted; forewing widened at apex,
distance greater than 2X maximum length of with external angles straight
head 9 L. iiladialor Germar
- Apices of suprahumeral horns separated by a - Apices of suprahumeral horns separated by a
.
VOLUME 101. NUMBER 4 767
distance less than width between humeral an- 27. Suprahumeral horns slightly longer than in-
gles; posterior process with basal half sub- terocular distance, with points slightly diver-
cylindrical; forewing more or less narrowed, gent,turningtoward front inapproximatehor-
with external angle acute 18 izontal plane of posterior pronotal process
. .
18. Anterior face ofpronotum elevated vertically L. gladiator Germar
above head L. alvarengai Sakakibara Suprahumeral horns approximately 2X inter-
- Anterior face ofpronotum elevated obliquely oculardistance,contiguousbutturningoutto-
above head L. wygodzinskyi Sakakibara ward top, points much higher than horizontal
19. Posterior pronotal process thin, basal width plane ofposteriorpronotal process 29
about 0.2X its length . . . . L. petasus Fairmaire 28. Anterior of pronotum undulating; color gen-
- Posterior pronotal process compressed, basal erally yellowish ferrugineous, with coxae,
width greater than 0.3X its length 20 head, and anterior portion of pronotum dark
20. Apical spot of forewing with small hyaline chestnut; forewing with apical spot very
- aArpeiacaaldjsopiontionfgfdoisrteawlinmgarwgiitnhout small hyaline 21 - Awnetaekreinoerd,ofneparrloynoitmpuemrcneepatrilbylest.r.aigLh.t;luccotalnosr Stal
area 22 generally chestnut ferrugineous; forewing
21 Apices of suprahumeral horns separated by a with apical spot more or less distinct
distance slightly greater than interocular dis- L. gaff'a Fairmaire
tance; outline ofpronotum slightly sinuate 29. Forewing entirely dark or slightly translucent
L. gajfa Fairmaire in middle 31
Apices of suprahumeral horns separated by a - Forewing with large, conspicuous hyaline
distance about 0.5X interoculardistance; out- area 32
line of pronotum slightly arched 30. Distance from humeral angles to bases ofsu-
L. foUatiis Sakakibara prahumeral horns more than length of poste-
22. Tibiae with 3 dark, transverse bands ....
rior pronotal process; suprahumeral horns
L. luctans Stal short and divergent
- Tibiae without dark, transverse bands . . . L.fahricii Metcalfand Wade
L. turritus Sakakibara
Distance from humeral angles to base of su-
23. Suprahumeral horns strongly divergent, dis-
tance between their apices greater than 2X prahumeral horns less than length ofposterior
process; suprahumeral horns more or less
width between the humeral angles 24
- Suprahumeral horns more or less contiguous, long and contiguous .... L. unicolor Fairmaire
otrhanifwdiidvterhgebnett,wedeinstahnucmeerbaeltwaenegnlesapices less 27 31. Pwoisdttehriaobrouptro0n.o5tXalitsprloecnegtshs long, its basal 32
- Posteriorpronotal processthin, itsbasalwidth
24. Posterior pronotal process sickle-shaped; su-
prahumeral horns V-shaped 25 about 0.2X its length 33
- Posterior pronotal process not sickle-shaped; 32. Pronotal outline triangularin lateral view, with
suprahumeral horns horizontal or slightly dorsal angle nearly straight; dorsal outline
curved basally 26 more or less arched L. unicolor Fairmaire
25. Posterior pronotal process reaching apex of - Pronotal outline triangular in lateral view.
clavus; forewinghyaline withdarkapicalspot with dorsal angle pointed; dorsal outline
L. ancora (Germar) slightly sinuate L. turritus Sakakibara
- Suprahumeral horns not inflated, basal width 33. Color of posterior pronotal process uniform,
approximately equal to 0.5X width between adjoining scutellum or slightly removed, but
humeral angles; anterior view with pronotal not by more than its basal width; suprahu-
outline depressed in middle meral horns generally contiguous
L. reichardti Sakakibara L. petasus Fairmaire
26. Posterior pronotal process distinctly sickle- - Color of posterior pronotal process paler ba-
shaped, with an averagediameterofspacebe- sally. removed from scutellum by a distance
tween posterior pronotal process and scutel- greater than its basal width; suprahumeral
lum greater than greatest diameter of eyes; horns generally divergent 34
forewing yellowish ferrugineous, generally 34. Pronotum. in lateral view, projecting oblique-
with somewhat distinct apical spot 28 ly anteriorly; suprahumeral hornsnearlyequal
- Posterior pronotal process not sickle-shaped, in length to interocular distance
that is, adjoining scutellum or, when separat- L. wygodzinskyi Sakakibara
ed, with an average diameter of space less - Pronotum. in lateral view, not projecting
than greatest diameter ofeyes; forewing dark obliquely anteriorly, anterior portion more or
or with very distinct apical spot 30 less vertical; suprahumeral horns nearly equal
768 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
in length to 0.3X interocular distance liiteus Funkhouser, new subgeneric place-
L. alvarengai Sakakibara ment
Lycoderes liiteus Funkhouser 1940a:
Species Checklist of Lycoderes
275.
Subgenus Lycoderides Sakakibara 1972b: Lycoderes lutea: Metcalf and Wade
92. Type-species: Centrotus hippocam- 1965a: 61.
pus Fabricius 1803a, by original desig- marginalis (Walker)
nation. Membracis marginalis Walker 1851a:
amazonicus Sakakibara 479.
Lycoderes amazonica Sakakibara 1991a: Stegaspis marginalis: Metcalf and Wade
655. 1965a: 73.
brevilobus Sakakibara Lycoderes marginalis: Sakakibara 1991a:
Lycoderes brevilobus Sakakibara 1972b: 652.
102. nathanieli Cryan, new species
burmeisteri Fairmaire obtusus Sakakibara
Lycoderes burmeisteri Fairmaire 1846b: Lycoderes obtusa Sakakibara 1991a:
525. 657.
Enchenopa laeta Walker 1851a: 494. pennyi Sakakibara
Enchenopafissa Walker 1851b: 685. Lycoderes pennyi Sakakibara 1991a:
Lycoderes igniventer Buckton 1903a: 653.
200. phasianus Fowler, new subgeneric place-
Lycoderes triangulata Funkhouser ment
1919c: 27. Lycoderesphasianus Fowler 1896e: 164.
cultratus Sakakibara Lycoderes phasiana: Metcalf and Wade
Lycoderes cultrata Sakakibara 1991a: 1965a: 62.
657. protensus Sakakibara
fernandezi Striimpel, new subgeneric Lycoderes protensa Sakakibara 1991a:
placement 659.
Lycoderes fernandezi Striimpel 1988a: serraticornis Fowler, new subgeneric
147. placement
fuscus Amyot and Serville Lycoderes serraticornis Fowler 1896e:
Lycoderes fuscus Amyot and Serville 165.
1843a: 561. strumpeli Sakakibara
Lycoderes angustata Buckton 1903a: Lycoderes strumpeli Sakakibara 1991a:
201. 653.
Lycoderes fusca: Metcalf and Wade Subgenus Lycoderes Germar 1835a.
1965a: 56. Corythophora Stal 1869a: 53.
gradatus Sakakibara Lophucha Stal 1869a: 54.
Lycoderes gradatus Sakakibara 1972b: Rhyparoptera Stal 1869a: 54.
101. alvarengai Sakakibara
hippocampus (Fabricius) Lycoderes alvarengai Sakakibara 1972b:
Centrotus hippocampus Fabricius 1803a: 131.
20. ancora (Germar)
Lycoderes pileolum Fairmaire 1846b: Centrotus ancora Germar 1821a: IV.32.
526. Bocydium galeritum Lesson 1832a: 56.
Lycoderes hippocampus: Walker 1851a: Lycoderes ancora: Germar 1835a: 259.
634. Lycoderesfurca Fairmaire 1846b: 524.
Lycoderes hippocampa: Metcalf and Lycoderes galeritus: Fairmaire 1846b:
Wade 1965a: 59. 523.
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VOLUME 101, NUMBER 4 769
Lycoderes lobatus Stal 1862e: 34. Lophucha gaffa: Buckton 1903a: 268.
Lycoderes wahlbergi Stal 1862e: 35. gladiator Germar
Corythophora galerita: Buckton 1903a: Lycoderes gladiator Germar 1835b: 310.
267. Lycoderes corniger Stal 1862e: 36.
Lycoderes galerita: Metcalf and Wade Lycoderes torta Buckton 1903a: 202.
1965a: 57. Lycoderesfuscata Buckton 1903a: 204.
apertus (Walker) luctans Stal
Enchenopa aperta Walker 1858c: 337. Lycoderes luctans Stal 1862e: 35.
Guayaquila aperta: Funkhouser 1927f: minamen (Buckton), new subgeneric
36. placement
Stegaspis aperta: Coding 1928a: 395. Enchenopa minamen Buckton 1903b: 51.
Lycoderes apertus: Sakakibara 1972b: Lycoderes minamen: Funkhouser 1927f:
111. 436.
argutus Sakakibara mitratus Germar
Lycoderes arguta Sakakibara 1991a: Lycoderes mitratus Germar 1835b: 311.
661. Lycoderes spinolae Fairmaire 1846c: 12.
capitatus Buckton, new subgeneric place- Lycoderes mitrata: Metcalf and Wade
ment 1965a: 62.
Lycoderes capitata Buckton 1903a: 203. petasus Fairmaire
clavatus Sakakibara Lycoderespetasus Fairmaire 1846b: 526.
Lycoderes clavatus Sakakibara 1972b: Lycoderes petasa: Metcalf and Wade
123. 1965a: 62.
fabricii Metcalf and Wade reichardti Sakakibara
Membracis emarginata Fabricius 1803a: Lycoderes reichardti Sakakibara 1972b:
14. 109.
Membracisflexuosa Fabricius 1803a: 16; turritus Sakakibara
nomen novum for Membracis emargina- Lycoderes turritus Sakakibara 1970b: 27.
ta Fabricius 1803a [nee Membracis unicolor Fairmaire
emarginata Fabricius 1798a]. Lycoderes unicolor Fairmaire 1846b:
Lycoderes emarginatus: Stal 1869a: 53. 526.
Rhyparoptera emarginata: Buckton Stegaspis insolita Walker 1858b: 109.
1903a: 270. Lycoderes prolixus Stal 1862e: 35.
Lycoderes fabricii Metcalf and Wade Lycoderes truncatulus Stal 1862e: 36.
1965a: 55; nomen novum for Membracis Lycoderes truncatulis Buckton 1903a:
flexuosa Fabricius 1803a [nee Membracis 203.
flexuosa Fabricius 1794a]. Lycoderes insolita: Metcalf and Wade
foliatus Sakakibara 1965a: 60.
Lycoderes foliatus Sakakibara 1972b: wygodzinskyi Sakakibara
124. Lycoderes wygodzinskyi Sakakibara
furcifer Sakakibara 1972b: 129.
Lycoderesfurcifer Sakakihstra 1970b: 25. Genus Oeda Amyot and Serville, 1843a
gaffa Fairmaire
Oeda Amyot and Serville 1843a: 546. Type
Lycoderes gaffa Fairmaire 1846b: 524.
Centrotus latipennis Walker 1851a: 607. species: Membracis inflata Fabricius
Stegaspis bellicosa Walker 1858b: 165. 1787a, by original designation.
Lycoderes latipennis: Stal 1862b: 491. Aeda [sic] Spinola 1850a: 55.
Pterygia subminax Walker 1862a: 316. Ada [sic] Desmarest 1859a: 199.
Stegaspis latipennis: Buckton 1903a: Diagnosis. Oeda differs from other ste-
270. gaspidine genera in the balloon-like infla-