Recent Social Trends in France, 1960-1990

384 Pages·1993·13.265 MB·English

by  Michel Forse, Jean-Pierre Jaslin, Yannick Lemel

Redent Social Trends in France 1960-1990
Series Comparative Charting of Social Change
Series Editor: Simon Langlois
Michel Forse, Jean-Pierre Jaslin, Yannick Lemel,
Henri Mendras, Denis Stoclet, Jean-Hugues Dechaux
Recent Social Trends
in France 1960-1990
Translated by Liam Gavin
Campus Verlag • Frankfurt am Main
McGill-Queen's University Press
Montreal & Kingston • London • Buffalo
Canadian Cataloguing in Publication Data
Main entry under title:
Recent Social Trends in France:
1960-1990
(Comparative charting of social change,
ISSN 1183-1952)
Translation of La societe fran?aise en tendances,
Presses Universitaires de France, 1990, ISBN 2-13-043026-0
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-7735-0887-2
1. France-Social conditions-1945.1. Forse, Michel. II. International Research Group on
the Comparative Charting of Social Change in Advanced Industrial Societies. III.
Series.
HN425.5.56513 1993 944.083 C92-090349-5
Die Deutsche Bibliothek - CIP-Einheitsaufnahme
Recent social trends in France : 1960 - 1990 / Michel Forse ...
119-20, 125-7; MLA *8>
Montreal; Kingston ; London ; Buffalo : McGill-Queen's
Univ. Press, 1993
(Comparative charting of social change)
Einheitssacht.: La societe franfaise en tendances <engl.>
ISBN 3-593-34898-5 (Campus Verlag)
ISBN 0-7735-0887-2 (McGill-Queen's Univ. Press)
NE: Forse, Michel; Gavin, Liam [Ubers.]; EST
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by
any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the
publishers.
Copyright ©1993 by Campus Verlag GmbH, Frankfurt/Main
Published simultaneously in Canada and the United States
by McGill-Queen's University Press
Legal deposit 1993
Bibliotheque nationale du Quebec
Printed in Germany
Contents
Acknowledgements ix
Preface xi
Introduction 1
0. Context 11
0.1 Demographic Trends 11
0.2 Macro-economic Trends 17
0.3 Macro-technological Trends 26
1. Age Groups 33
1.1 Youth 34
1.2 Elders 39
2. Microsocial 43
2.1 Self-identification 44
2.2 Kinship Networks 48
2.3 Community and Neighbourhood Types 52
2.4 Local Autonomy 56
2.5 Voluntary Associations 60
2.6 Sociability Networks 66
3. Women 70
3.1 Female Roles 71
3.2 Childbearing 76
3.3 Matrimonial Models 81
3.4 Women's Employment 87
3.5 Reproductive Technologies and Biotechnologies 92
4. Labour Market 97
4.1 Unemployment 98
4.2 Skills and Occupational Levels 104
4.3 Types of Employment 108
4.4 Sectors of the Labour Force 113
4.5 Computerization of Work 116
5. Labour and Management 120
5.1 Work Organization 121
5.2 Personnel Administration 125
5.3 Sizes and Types of Enterprises 128
6. Social Stratification 131
6.1 Occupational Status 132
6.2 Social Mobility 137
6.3 Economic Inequality 141
6.4 Social Inequality 146
v
7. Social Relations 147
7.1 Conflict 148
7.2 Negotiation 152
7.3 Norms of Conduct 156
7.4 Authority 160
7.5 Public Opinion 164
8. State and Service Institutions 167
8.1 Educational System 168
8.2 Health System 173
8.3 Welfare System 178
8.4 The State 183
9. Mobilizing Institutions 186
9.1 Labour Unions 187
9.2 Religious Institutions 192
9.3 Military Forces 196
9.4 Political Parties 201
9.5 Mass Media 207
10. Instkutionalization of Social Forces 213
10.1 Dispute Settlement 214
10.2 Institutionalization of Labour Unions 217
10.3 Social Movements 222
10.4 Interest Groups 226
11. Ideologies 228
11.1 Political Differentiation 229
11.2 Confidence in Institutions 233
11.3 Economic Orientations 238
11.4 Radicalism 241
11.5 Religious Beliefs 246
12. Household Resources 250
12.1 Personal and Family Income 251
12.2 Informal Economy 256
12.3 Personal and Family Wealth 260
13. Life style 264
13.1 Market Goods and Services 265
13.2 Mass Information 270
13.3 Personal Health and Beauty Practices 274
13.4 Time Use 279
13.5 Daily Mobility 282
13.6 Household Production 286
13.7 Forms of Erotic Expression 290
13.8 Mood-altering Substances 294
VI
14. Leisure 298
14.1 Amount and Use of Free Time 299
14.2 Vacation Patterns 303
14.3 Athletics and Sports 307
14.4 Cultural Activities 311
15. Educational Attainment 315
15.1 General Education 316
15.2 Professional Education 321
15.3 Continuing Education 325
16. Integration and Marginalization 328
16.1 Immigrants and Ethnic Minorities 329
16.2 Crime and Punishment 333
16.3 Emotional Disorders and Self-Destructive Behaviour 336
16.4 Poverty 340
17. Attitudes and Values 344
17.1 Satisfaction 345
17.2 Perception of Social Problems 350
17.3 Orientations to the Future 352
17.4 Values 355
17.5 National Identity 362
VII
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Acknowledgments
The French team presently includes Michel Forse", Jean-Pierre Jaslin, Henri Mendras,
Denis Stoclet, and Jean-Hugues De"chaux, with close collaboration from Laurence
Duboys Fresney. The team meets every Monday; its name, Louis Dim, is an anagram of
the French "lundi soir." The group is very grateful to the Observatoire Frangais des
Conjonctures Economiques, where it meets and works, and the very generous help it
has given to this enterprise. Personal thanks are due to the Observatoire's successive
presidents, Jean-Marcel Jeanneney and Jean-Paul Fitoussi.
Special thanks are due to the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and the
Fondation Nationale des Sciences Politiques, which provided the grant that made
possible the meetings in France and travel abroad.
We owe a large debt to Laurence Duboys Fresney, who heroically managed and
reviewed the copyediting and final preparation of the manuscript.
The book is put forward as a collective work, but readers who want to communicate
with the writers of particular trend reports, or who discover errors of fact or of judgment
in the following pages are urged to contact to Louis Dirn (address below).
Theodore Caplow
Henri Mendras
Paris, July 1991
(Louis Dim 69 quai d'Orsay - 75007 PARIS France - Ph. (1) 45 55 95 12)
IX