Rebuilding Lives and Homes in Aceh and Nias, Indonesia

214 Pages·2010·2.36 MB·English

by  Asian Development Bank

Urban Development Series
Rebuilding Lives
and Homes in Aceh
and Nias, Indonesia
Urban Development Series
Rebuilding Lives
and Homes in Aceh
and Nias, Indonesia
Edited by
Florian Steinberg and Pieter Smidt
© 2010 Asian Development Bank
All rights reserved. Published 2010.
Printed in the Philippines.
ISBN 978-9721-9-506912-819395-16
Publication Stock No. BKK090979
Cataloging-In-Publication Data
Asian Development Bank.
Rebuilding lives and homes in Aceh and Nias, Indonesia.
Mandaluyong City, Philippines: Asian Development Bank, 2010.
1. Disaster management. 2. Housing. 3. Indonesia. I. Asian Development Bank.
The views expressed in this book are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect
the views and policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) or its Board of Governors
or the governments they represent.
ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and
accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use.
By making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area,
or by using the term “country” in this document, ADB does not intend to make any
judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.
ADB encourages printing or copying information exclusively for personal and
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Contents
Abreviations v
Preface vii
Acknowledgments ix
About the Authors x
Rebuilding Lives and Homes in Aceh and Nias:
A Retrospective 1
by Florian Steinberg
Planning the Earthquake and Tsunami Emergency
Support Project (ETESP) Housing Program 20
by Alistair Blunt and Johan Silas
Implementing On-Budget and Off-Budget Subprojects 48
by Esa Paaso and Saputra Liadi
Land Adjudication, Titling, and Acquisition 73
by Herman Soesangobeng
Environmental Safeguards 89
by Ashley Bansgrove
ADB– UN-HABITAT Cooperation in Aceh and Nias 101
by Bruno Dercon, Srinivasa Popuri, and Binod Shrestha
Reconstruction of a Fishing Village: Keude Panteraja, Aceh 131
by Klaus-Dieter Peters
Rehabilitation and Reconstruction in South Nias Heritage Villages 143
by Heracles Lang
iii
iv Contents
Complaint Handling and Conflict Management 169
by Jose Tiburcio Nicolas and Herman Soesangobeng
Conclusions and Looking Ahead 183
by Florian Steinberg, Emiel Wegelin, and Pieter Smidt
Abbreviations
ANSSP – Aceh–Nias Settlements Support Programme
ADB – Asian Development Bank
ASAAP – A ceh Sanitation Assessment and Assistance
Programme
BAPEDALDA – B ureau for Local Environmental Impact Management
(Badan Pengendalian Dampak Lingkungan Daerah)
BAPPENAS – N ational Development Planning Agency
(Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional)
BPN – National Land Agency (Badan Pertanahan Nasional)
BRRD – H ousing Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Body
(Badan Rehabilitasi dan Rekonstruksi Desa)
BRR – A ceh–Nias Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Agency
(Badan Rehabilitasi dan Rekonstruksi)
CAP – community action plan
CNT – community negotiation team
Cordaid – Catholic Organisation for Relief and Development Aid
CSC – construction support center
EARP – environmental assessment review procedure
EMS – Extended Mission in Sumatra
ERTR – Emergency Response and Transitional Recovery
ESG – environmental safeguards
ETESP – Earthquake and Tsunami Emergency Support Project
*$$ – *HUPDQ$JUR$FWLRQ
(Deutsche Welthungerhilfe [DWHH])
GAP – gender action plan
GDRP – gross domestic regional product
GTZ – G erman Agency for Technical Cooperation
(Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit)
HELP – Health, Education and Literacy Programme
IEE – initial environmental examination
IOM – International Organization for Migration
IPSA – initial poverty and social assessment
IMB – building permit (Ijin Mendirikan Bangunan)
JFPR – Japan Fund for Poverty Reduction
KfW – G erman Development Bank
(Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau)
v
vi Abbreviations
KSMP – s elf-help housing group
(Kelompok Swadaya Masyarakat Perumahan)
KTP – resident registration card (kartu tanduk penduduk)
/$5$3 – /DQG$FTXLVLWLRQDQG5HVHWWOHPHQW$FWLRQ3ODQ
LARPFPG – L and Acquisition and Resettlement Policy Framework
and Procedural Guidelines
MDTF – Multi-Donor Trust Fund
MOU – memorandum of understanding
MPW – Ministry of Public Works
NGO – nongovernment organization
NSSP – Nias Settlements Support Programme
PAM – Drinking Water Company (Perusahan Air Minum)
PDAM – t he local government water supply company
(Perusahan Daerah Air Minum)
PIC – project implementation consultant
PLN – N ational Electricity Company
(Perusahan Listerik Negara)
PPRG – v illage housing development committees
(panitia pembangunan rumah gampong)
REA – rapid environmental assessment
S3P – Simeulue Settlements Support Programme
SIDA – Swedish International Development Agency
SPAR – subproject appraisal report
SPPR – subproject preparation report
RALAS – R econstruction of Aceh Land Administration System
UNDP – United Nations Development Programme
UN-HABITAT – United Nations Human Settlements Programme
UNHCR – United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
UNHIC – United Nations Humanitarian Information Centre
PPRG – V illage Committees for House Construction
(Panitia Pembangunan Rumah Gampong)
Preface
or many years, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) has supported its
developing member countries through emergency and post-disaster
Fassistance. The Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami of December
2004 and the subsequent earthquake on Nias in Indonesia in March 2005
triggered a major fow of assistance. As this calamity occurred on a scale
never before experienced, it triggered massive commitments from donors
all over the world. ADB’s assistance to Indonesia through the Earthquake
and Tsunami Emergency Support Project (ETESP) was one of the largest
allocations of grant funding ADB has ever provided. A multisectoral
project, the ETESP included fve groupings of initiatives: (i) livelihood
restoration (agriculture, fsheries, and micro- and small-scale enterprise);
(ii) social services (health and education, including development of skills);
(iii) community infrastructure (rural water supply and sanitation, housing, and
irrigation); (iv) physical infrastructure (roads and bridges, electrical power,
and spatial planning and environmental management); and (v) fduciary
governance.
This book focuses on housing, one of the most visible of the subsectors
targeted by the ETESP. It was likewise the subsector to which the greatest
amount of ETESP funding was allocated. As Rebuilding Lives and Homes
in Aceh and Nias, Indonesia demonstrates, implementation of the ETESP’s
housing program was a dynamic learning experience. Moreover, it
demonstrated that ADB can respond to the requirements of its developing
member countries in a highly fexible manner—more fexible, in fact, than
many other donor organizations, including nongovernment organizations.
The lessons drawn from implementation of the ETESP housing program
will be of great value in the event that ADB again engages in post-disaster
reconstruction and rehabilitation.1 The most practical and general of these
lessons may be summarized as follows: (i) keep investment options open,
1 Jha, Abhas K., J. Duyne Barenstein, P. M. Phelps, D. Pittet, and S. Sena, eds. 2010. Safer
Homes, Stronger Communities: A Handbook for Reconstructing after Natural Disasters.
Washington, DC: The World Bank. www.housingreconstruction.org
Clarke, Mathew, I. Fanany, and S. Kenny, eds. 2010. Post-Disaster Reconstruction: Lessons
from Aceh. London and Washington: EARTHSCAN.
UN-HABITAT. 2009. Post-Tsunami Aceh-Nias Settlement and Housing Recovery.
UN-HABITAT Jakarta.
vii
viii Preface
(ii) respond to needs not addressed by other donors, and (iii) recognize
that post-disaster assistance projects in response to a disaster of extreme
magnitude may require a longer duration than mainstream development
projects.
While ADB’s Urban Community of Practice will beneft greatly from
this publication, from a broader perspective, it is our sincere wish that this
publication will encourage further concrete thought and discussion regarding
the formulation and implementation of post-disaster reconstruction and
rehabilitation initiatives.
KUNIO SENGA MIKE LINDFIELD
Director General Chair, Urban Community of Practice
Southeast Asia Department Asian Development Bank
Asian Development Bank
Acknowledgments
e gratefully acknowledge the contribution of the many co-authors
and practitioners that made implementation of the ETESP housing
Wprogram a success. This especially includes advisors at ADB’s
Extended Mission in Sumatra, in particular, Rehan Kausar and Aminul Huq.
We also thank Arjun Thapan, former Director General of the Southeast Asia
Department; and James P. Lynch, Director of the Southeast Asia Department’s
Transport and Urban Development Division, for their encouragement.
Manuscript editing was done by Lynette Mallery. Pinky Villanueva assisted
with editorial matters; Anthony Victoria coordinated layout and graphics; and
Muriel Ordoñez, Ma. Priscila del Rosario, and Rodel Bautista assisted with
production matters. Ma. Celeste Saniel-Gois provided overall coordination
in production and publication.
FLORIAN STEINBERG PIETER SMIDT
Senior Urban Development Specialist Former Lead Water
Transport and Urban Development Division Resources Specialist
Southeast Asia Department and head of ADB’s Extended
Asian Development Bank Mission in Sumatra