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Q u a n t u m I n f o r m a t io n a n d F o u n d a t io n s • G ia c o m o M a u r o D ’A r ia n o a Quantum n d P a o lo P e Information and r in o t t i Foundations Edited by Giacomo Mauro D’Ariano and Paolo Perinotti Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Entropy www.mdpi.com/journal/entropy Quantum Information and Foundations Quantum Information and Foundations SpecialIssueEditors GiacomoMauroD’Ariano PaoloPerinotti MDPI•Basel•Beijing•Wuhan•Barcelona•Belgrade•Manchester•Tokyo•Cluj•Tianjin SpecialIssueEditors GiacomoMauroD’Ariano PaoloPerinotti QUitGroup,Departmentof QUitGroup,Departmentof Physics,UniversityofPavia Physics,UniversityofPavia Italy Italy EditorialOffice MDPI St.Alban-Anlage66 4052Basel,Switzerland ThisisareprintofarticlesfromtheSpecialIssuepublishedonlineintheopenaccessjournalEntropy (ISSN1099-4300)(availableat: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/entropy/specialissues/quantum informationfoundations). 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Contents AbouttheSpecialIssueEditors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix GiacomoMauroD’ArianoandPaoloPerinotti QuantumInformationandFoundations Reprintedfrom:Entropy2020,22,22,doi:10.3390/e22010022 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 AlessandroBisio,GiacomoMauroD’Ariano,NicolaMosco,PaoloPerinottiandAlessandro Tosini SolutionsofaTwo-ParticleInteractingQuantumWalk Reprintedfrom:Entropy2018,20,435,doi:10.3390/e20060435. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Marc-OlivierRenou,NicolasGisinandFlorianFro¨wis Robust Macroscopic Quantum Measurements in the Presence of Limited Control and Knowledge Reprintedfrom:Entropy2018,20,39,doi:10.3390/e20010039 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 LouisH.Kauffman IterantAlgebra Reprintedfrom:Entropy2017,19,347,doi:10.3390/e19070347. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 CˇaslavBrukner ANo-GoTheoremforObserver-IndependentFacts Reprintedfrom:Entropy2018,20,350,doi:10.3390/e20050350. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 AlexanderWilce ARoyalRoadtoQuantumTheory(orThereabouts) Reprintedfrom:Entropy2018,20,227,doi:10.3390/e20040227. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 GiulioChiribella Agents,Subsystems,andtheConservationofInformation Reprintedfrom:Entropy2018,20,358,doi:10.3390/e20050358. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 HowardBarnum,Ciara´nM.Lee,CarloMariaScandoloandJohnSelby RulingoutHigher-OrderInterferencefromPurityPrinciples Reprintedfrom:Entropy2017,19,253,doi:10.3390/e19060253. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 JohnSelbyandBobCoecke Leaks:Quantum,Classical,IntermediateandMore Reprintedfrom:Entropy2017,19,174,doi:10.3390/e19040174. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 AlbertoBarchielli,MatteoGregorattiandAlessandroToigo Measurement Uncertainty Relations for Position and Momentum: Relative Entropy Formulation Reprintedfrom:Entropy2017,19,301,doi:10.3390/e19070301. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 GiovanniAmelino-Camelia Planck-ScaleSoccer-BallProblem:ACaseofMistakenIdentity Reprintedfrom:Entropy2017,19,400,doi:10.3390/e19080400. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 MarioArnolfoCiampini,PaoloMataloniandMauroPaternostro StructureofMultipartiteEntanglementinRandomCluster-LikePhotonicSystems Reprintedfrom:Entropy2017,19,473,doi:10.3390/e19090473. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257 v A¨minBaumelerandStefanWolf Non-CausalComputation Reprintedfrom:Entropy2017,19,326,doi:10.3390/e19070326. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 ChrisHeunen TheManyClassicalFacesofQuantumStructures Reprintedfrom:Entropy2017,19,144,doi:10.3390/e19040144. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279 PhilippAndresHo¨hn QuantumTheoryfromRulesonInformationAcquisition Reprintedfrom:Entropy2017,19,98,doi:10.3390/e19030098 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301 Catalina Curceanu, Hexi SHI, Sergio Bartalucci, Sergio Bertolucci, Massimiliano Bazzi, CarolinaBerucci,MarioBragadireanu,MichaelCargnelli,AlbertoClozza,LucaDePaolis, Sergio Di Matteo, Jean-Pierre Egger, Carlo Guaraldo, Mihail Iliescu, Johann Marton, MatthiasLaubenstein,EdoardoMilotti,MarcoMiliucci,AndreasPichler,DorelPietreanu, KristianPiscicchia,AlessandroScordo,DianaLauraSirghi,FlorinSirghi,LauraSperandio, OtonVazquezDoce,EberhardWidmannandJohannZmeskal TestofthePauliExclusionPrincipleintheVIP-2UndergroundExperiment Reprintedfrom:Entropy2017,19,300,doi:10.3390/e19070300. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319 KristianPiscicchia,AngeloBassi,CatalinaCurceanu,RaffaeleDelGrande,SandroDonadi, BeatrixC.HiesmayrandAndreasPichler CSLCollapseModelMappedwiththeSpontaneousRadiation Reprintedfrom:Entropy2017,19,319,doi:10.3390/e19070319. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327 RobertB.Griffiths QuantumInformation:WhatIsItAllAbout? Reprintedfrom:Entropy2017,19,645,doi:10.3390/e19120645. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335 BenjaminF.Dribus EntropicPhaseMapsinDiscreteQuantumGravity Reprintedfrom:Entropy2017,19,322,doi:10.3390/e19070322. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347 YangyangWang,XiaofeiQiandJinchuanHou NonclassicalitybyLocalGaussianUnitaryOperationsforGaussianStates Reprintedfrom:Entropy2018,20,266,doi:10.3390/e20040266 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395 KevinVanslette EntropicUpdatingofProbabilitiesandDensityMatrices Reprintedfrom:Entropy2017,19,664,doi:10.3390/e19120664. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409 AndriyanBayuSuksmono FindingaHadamardMatrixbySimulatedQuantumAnnealing Reprintedfrom:Entropy2018,20,141,doi:10.3390/e20020141. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433 AmenehArjmandzadehandMajidYarahmadi QuantumGeneticLearningControlofQuantumEnsembleswithHamiltonianUncertainties Reprintedfrom:Entropy2017,19,376,doi:10.3390/e19080376. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447 LucasKocia,YifeiHuang,PeterLove DiscreteWignerFunctionDerivationoftheAaronson—GottesmanTableauAlgorithm Reprintedfrom:Entropy2017,19,353,doi:10.3390/e19070353. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459 vi AlainDevilleandYannickDeville Concepts and Criteria for Blind Quantum Source Separation and Blind Quantum Process Tomography Reprintedfrom:Entropy2017,19,311,doi:10.3390/e19070311. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477 vii About the Special Issue Editors Giacomo Mauro D’Ariano is full professor at Pavia University, where he teaches Quantum Mechanics and Foundations of Quantum Theory, and leads the group QUit. He is a fellow of the American Physical Society and of the Optical Society of America, a member of the Academy IstitutoLombardoofScienzeeLettere,oftheCenterforPhotonicCommunicationandComputing atNorthwesternIL,andofFQXi. Heisthe(co)authorofmorethan350articlesinpeer-reviewed physicsjournals. HestartedQuantumInformationinItaly, wherehecreatedaschoolthatspread scholarsworldwide. Paolo Perinotti is an associate professor at the Physics Department of Pavia University. He teaches “Theoretical physics and information theory” and “Statistical Mechanics”. His research activityisfocusedonquantuminformationtheory,quantumfoundations,andquantummechanics. In2016hewasawardedtheBirkhoffVonNeumannprizeforresearchesinQuantumFoundations. HeisamemberoftheFoundationalQuestionsInstitute(FQXi),andoftheInternationalQuantum StructuresAssociation. ix
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