Table of Contents Cover Image Front Matter Copyright Preface Chapter 1. Urban Design Today Chapter 2. Urban Change Chapter 3. Contexts for Urban Design Chapter 4. The Morphological Dimension Chapter 5. The Perceptual Dimension Chapter 6. The Social Dimension Chapter 7. The Visual Dimension Chapter 8. The Functional Dimension Chapter 9. The Temporal Dimension Chapter 10. The Development Process Chapter 11. The Control Process Chapter 12. The Communication Process Chapter 13. Holistic Urban Design Bibliography Index Front Matter Public Places - Urban Spaces The Dimensions of Urban Design Second Edition Mathew Carmona Steven Tiesdell Tim Heath Tanner Oc AMSTERDAM • BOSTOn • hEIDELBERG • LONDON • NEW YORK • OXFORD PARIS • SAN DIEGO • SAN FRANCISCO • SINGAPORE • SYDNEY • TOKYO Architectural Press is an Imprint of Elsevier Copyright © 2010 Matthew Carmona, Steve Tiesdell, Tim Heath & Taner Oc. All rights reserved. Copyright Architectural Press is an imprint of Elsevier The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, UK 30 Corporate Drive, Suite 400, Burlington, MA 01803, USA First edition 2003 Second edition 2010 Copyright © 2010, Matthew Carmona, Steve Tiesdell, Tim Heath & Taner Oc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved The right of Matthew Carmona, Steve Tiesdell, Tim Heath & Taner Oc to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier's Science & Technology Rights Department in Oxford, UK: phone (+44) (0) 1865 843830; fax (+44) (0) 1865 853333; email: [email protected]. Alternatively you can submit your request online by visiting the Elsevier web site at http://elsevier.com/locate/permissions and selecting Obtaining permission to use Elsevier material Notice No responsibility is assumed by the publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions or ideas contained in the material herein. Because of rapid advances in the medical sciences, in particular, independent verification of diagnoses and drug dosages should be made British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book is availabe from the Library of Congress ISBN–13: 978-1-85617827-3 For information on all Elsevier publications visit our web site at books.elsevier.com Printed and bound in Italy 10 11 12 13 14 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Preface An exposition of the different, but intimately related, dimensions of urban design, this book is an updated and revised version of a book originally published in 2003. Focusing neither on a limited checklist of urban design qualities nor, it is hoped, excluding important areas, it takes a holistic approach to urban design and place-making and thus provides a comprehensive overview of the subject both for those new to the subject and for those requiring a general guide. To facilitate this, it has an easily accessible structure, with self-contained and cross-referenced sections and chapters, enabling readers to dip in for specific information. The incremental layering of concepts aids those reading the book cover to cover. Urban design is also seen as a design process, in which, as in any design process, there are no ‘right’ or ‘wrong’ answers, only ‘better’ and ‘worse’ answers, the quality of which may only be known in time. It is, thus, necessary to have a continually questioning and inquisitive approach to urban design rather than a dogmatic view. The book does not seek to produce a ‘new’ theory of urban design in a prescriptive fashion. Instead it expounds a broad belief in – and attitude to – urban design and place-making as important parts of urban development, renewal, management, planning and conservation processes. Synthesising and integrating ideas and theories from a wide range of sources, the book derives from a comprehensive review and reading of existing literature and research. It also draws on the authors' experience teaching, researching and writing about urban design in schools of urban studies, planning, architecture and surveying. Motivation This book comes from two distinct sources. First, from a period during the 1990s when the authors worked together at the University of Nottingham on an innovative undergraduate urban planning programme. Its primary motivation was a belief that teaching urban design at the core of an interdisciplinary,