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Program Evaluation for Social Workers: Foundations of Evidence-Based Programs PDF

670 Pages·2015·25.711 MB·English
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PROGRAM EVALUATION SOCIAL WORKERS FOR 2 PROGRAM EVALUATION SOCIAL FOR WORKERS FOUNDATIONS OF EVIDENCE-BASED PROGRAMS   7TH EDITION Richard M. Grinnell, Jr. Western Michigan University Peter A. Gabor University of Calgary Yvonne A. Unrau Western Michigan University 3 Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offices in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press in the UK and certain other countries. Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016 © Oxford University Press 2016 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by license, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reproduction rights organization. Inquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above. You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Program evaluation for social workers : foundations of evidence-based practice / Richard M. Grinnell, Peter A. Gabor, Yvonne A. Unrau, editors. — Second Edition. pages cm Revised editon of Program evaluation for social workers, 2012. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978–0–19–022730–2 eISBN 978–0–19–022732–6 1. Human services—Evaluation. 2. Human services—Evaluation—Case studies. 3. Social work administration. I. Grinnell, Richard M., editor. II. Gabor, Peter, (Sociologist) editor. III. Unrau, Yvonne A., editor. IV. Grinnell, Richard M. Program evaluation for social workers. HV40.P716 2015 361.3′2—dc23 2015008417 4 5 Contents in Brief Contents in Detail Preface Part I: Preparing for Evaluations 1. Toward Accountability 2. Approaches and Types of Evaluations 3. The Process 4. Standards 5. Ethics 6. Cultural Competence Part II: Designing Programs 7. The Program 8. Theory of Change and Program Logic Models Part III: Implementing Evaluations 9. Preparing for an Evaluation 10. Needs Assessments 11. Process Evaluations 12. Outcome Evaluations 13. Efficiency Evaluations Part IV: Making Decisions with Data 14. Data Information Systems 15. Making Decisions Part V: Evaluation Toolkit Tool A. Hiring an External Evaluator Tool B. Working with an External Evaluator Tool C. Reducing Evaluation Anxiety Tool D. Managing Evaluation Challenges 6 Tool E. Using Common Evaluation Designs Tool F. Budgeting for Evaluations Tool G. Using Evaluation Management Strategies Tool H. Data Collection and Sampling Procedures Tool I. Training and Supervising Data Collectors Tool J. Effective Communication and Reporting Tool K. Developing an Action Plan Tool L. Measuring Variables Tool M. Measuring Instruments Glossary References Credits Index 7 8 Contents in Detail Preface PART I: PREPARING FOR EVALUATIONS 1. Toward Accountability The Quality Improvement Process Case-Level Evaluations Program-Level Evaluations Myth Philosophical Bias Fear (Evaluation Phobia) The Purpose of Evaluations Increase Our Knowledge Base Guide Decision-Making at All Levels Assure That Client Objectives Are Being Met Accountability Can Take Many Forms Scope of Evaluations Person-In-Environment Perspective Example: You’re the Client Program-In-Environment Perspective Example: You’re the Social Worker Research ≠ Evaluation Data ≠ Information Definition Summary 2. Approaches and Types of Evaluations The Project Approach Characteristics of the Project Approach The Monitoring Approach Characteristics of the Monitoring Approach Advantages of the Monitoring Approach Four Types of Evaluations Needs Assessment Process Evaluations Outcome Evaluations Efficiency Evaluations Internal and External Evaluations Summary 3. The Process The Process Step 1: Engage Stakeholders Why Stakeholders Are Important to an Evaluation 9 The Role of Stakeholders in an Evaluation STEP 2: Describe the Program Using a Logic Model to Describe Your Program Step 3: Focus the Evaluation Types of Evaluations Narrowing Down Evaluation Questions Step 4: Gathering Credible Data Step 5: Justifying Your Conclusions Step 6: Ensuring Usage and Sharing Lessons Learned Summary 4. Standards The Four Standards Utility Feasibility Propriety Accuracy Standards Versus Politics When Standards Are Not Followed Summary 5. Ethics Code of Ethics Step 3: Focusing the Evaluation Step 3A: Refine Evaluation Question Through the Literature Step 3B: Selecting an Evaluation Design Step 3C: Specifying How Variables Are Measured Step 4: Gathering Data Step 4A: Selecting Evaluation Participants Step 4B: Selecting a Data Collection Method Step 4C: Analyzing the Data Step 6: Ensure Usage and Share Lessons Learned Revealing Negative Findings Special Considerations International Research Computer and Internet-Based Research Guidance Students as Subjects/Students as Researchers Summary 6. Cultural Competence Our Village Working with Stakeholder Groups Your Evaluation Team The Impact of Culture Bridging the Culture Gap Cultural Awareness Intercultural Communication Cultural Frameworks Orientation to Data Decision-Making Individualism 10

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