Power and Status in the Roman Empire, AD 193-284 PDF
Preview Power and Status in the Roman Empire, AD 193-284
Power and Status in the Roman Empire, ad 193–284 Impact of Empire EditorialBoardoftheseriesImpactofEmpire (=ManagementTeamofImpactofEmpire) Lukasde Blois, Angelos Chaniotis Ségolène Demougin, Olivier Hekster, Gerda de Kleijn Luukde Ligt, Elio Lo Cascio, Michael Peachin John Rich, and Christian Witschel ExecutiveSecretariatoftheSeriesandtheNetwork Lukasde Blois, Olivier Hekster Gerda de Kleijn and John Rich RadboudUniversityofNijmegen,Erasmusplein1, P.O.Box9103,6500HDNijmegen,TheNetherlands AcademicBoardoftheInternationalNetworkImpactofEmpire gézaalföldy–stéphanebenoist–anthonybirley christerbruun–johndrinkwater–wernereck–peterfunke andreagiardina–johanneshahn–fikmeijer–onnovannijf marie-thérèseraepsaet-charlier–johnrichardson bertvanderspek–richardtalbert–willemzwalve VOLUME12 Power and Status in the Roman Empire, ad 193–284 By Inge Mennen LEIDEN•BOSTON 2011 Thisbookisprintedonacid-freepaper. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Mennen,Inge. PowerandstatusintheRomanEmpire,AD193-284/byIngeMennen. p.cm.–(Impactofempire,ISSN1572-0500;v.12) Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN978-90-04-20359-4(hbk.:acid-freepaper)1.Rome–Politicsandgovernment–30 B.C.-284A.D.2.Rome–Socialconditions.3.Rome–History–Empire,30B.C.-284A.D.4.Power (Socialsciences)–Rome–History.5.Rome–Officialsandemployees–Selectionand appointment–History.6.Socialclasses–Rome–History.7.Socialstatus–Rome–History.8. Imperialism–Socialaspects–Rome–History.9.Politicalculture–Rome–History.10. Hierarchies–Rome–History.I.Title.II.Series. DG298.M462011 937'.07–dc22 2011006724 ISSN 1572-0500 ISBN 9789004203594 Copyright2011byKoninklijkeBrillNV,Leiden,TheNetherlands. KoninklijkeBrillNVincorporatestheimprintsBrill,HoteiPublishing, IDCPublishers,MartinusNijhoffPublishersandVSP. Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,translated,storedin aretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical, photocopying,recordingorotherwise,withoutpriorwrittenpermissionfromthepublisher. AuthorizationtophotocopyitemsforinternalorpersonaluseisgrantedbyKoninklijkeBrillNV providedthattheappropriatefeesarepaiddirectlytoTheCopyrightClearanceCenter, 222RosewoodDrive,Suite910,Danvers,MA01923,USA. Feesaresubjecttochange. CONTENTS Acknowledgements.................................................... vii Abbreviations .......................................................... ix ListofTablesandFigures.............................................. xi NotestotheReader.................................................... xiii Introduction ........................................................... 1 ChapterOne.ChangingEmperorship:SettingtheScene ............ 21 .. FactorsInfluencingEmperorshipbetweenadand .. 22 .. ConsequencesforthePositionoftheEmperor ............... 40 .. Conclusion ..................................................... 46 ChapterTwo.TheImpactofCrisesonthePositionofthe SenatorialElite...................................................... 49 .. EstablishingtheSenatorialEliteintheThirdCentury........ 50 .. AnalyzingtheSelectedFamilies ............................... 55 .. DefiningaNucleuswithintheSenatorialElite................ 70 .. Conclusion ..................................................... 79 Excursus.ProsopographyoftheSenatorialEliteFamilies............ 83 ChapterThree.PraetorianPrefectsandOtherHigh-ranking Equestrians.......................................................... 135 .. TheIncreasingResponsibilitiesofHighEquestriansin ImperialAdministration....................................... 137 .. TheStatusofHigh-rankingEquestriansintheThird Century......................................................... 156 .. Thepraefectipraetorio:ACaseStudy.......................... 159 .. Conclusion ..................................................... 188 vi contents ChapterFour.High-rankingMilitaryOfficers:SeptimiusSeverus versusGallienus..................................................... 193 .. SeptimiusSeverusandHisMilitaryOfficers.................. 194 .. GallienusandHisMilitaryOfficers ........................... 216 .. Conclusion ..................................................... 240 Conclusion............................................................. 247 AppendixOne.ListofEmperorsandUsurpers(ad–)....... 255 AppendixTwo.ListsofMenHoldingSenatorialElitePositions betweenadand............................................ 257 AppendixThree.ListofPraefectiPraetoriobetweenadand 263 Bibliography ........................................................... 269 GeneralIndex.......................................................... 289 IndexofAncientPersons.............................................. 297 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Romanimperialadministrationaswellaspowerandstatusrelationsare fascinating,thoughcomplicated,topicsofresearch.Forthisstudy,Ihad tobecomefamiliarwiththesecomplexthemes,examining,withinabout halfadecade,aperiodofoverahundredyears.Itmaycomeasnosurprise thatthiswasnotalwayseasy.Fortunately,thegeneroussupportofothers helpedme along theway. I would like to expressmy gratitude to those whohelpedmecompletethisbook,whichisaslightlyrevisedversionof mydoctoraldissertation(RadboudUniversity,). FirstandforemostIamexceptionallygratefultoLukasdeBlois,whose enthusiasm,infinitetrust,andsupporthavebeenessentialstimulitomy research. I have benefited greatly from his inexhaustible knowledge on thethirdcenturyanditsadministration.OlivierHekster,whosespeedof speechandthoughtarepeerless,regularlysavedmefromcircularargu- mentsand methodologicalerrors.His commentsandquestions helped me to improve my texts and put things in a wider perspective. I have receivedthefriendship,encouragementandfeedbackofmyfellowteam membersofthe‘ImageandReality’project,DaniëlleSlootjesandErika Manders. Lien Foubert and Janneke de Jong commented thoughtfully andhelpfullyonmyideasandpartsofmythesisaswell.Iwanttothank thembothforbeingclosefriends. During my PhD years I had the opportunity to spend considerable time abroad, at inspiring institutes and in excellent libraries. This also affordedmethechancetomeetsomepeoplewhohelpedmedevelopmy ideas. At Heidelberg, I learned a lot about epigraphy and discussedmy researchataveryearlystagewithGézaAlföldyandChristianWitschel. DuringmystaysatOxford,IreceivedawarmwelcomefromEdwardBis- pham,AlanBowmanandFergusMillarandprofitedfromtheirexpertise. InNewYork,IwasfortunatetomeetMichaelPeachin,withwhomIhad valuableconversationsontheuseofprosopographyinexaminingRoman administrationandwhoagreedtobeamemberofmythesiscommittee.I amgratefulforhisstimulatingcomments.PierreSánchezwelcomedme toGenevaandenabledmetoworkthere.NoemiPogetistobethanked forshowingmearoundtheGenevanlibraries.Itwastherethatthefirst viii acknowledgements chapter ofthisstudy took shape.Finally, Iwould like to thankthestaff oftheRoyalNetherlandsInstituteinRome,andespeciallyGert-JanBur- gers,forthehospitalitytheyextendedtome. IamgreatlyindebtedtoDavidDeVore,whoadvisedmeandimproved my English most acutely. He came highly recommended, but still ex- ceeded all expectations. Needless to say, any remaining errors are my responsibility. Warm thanks are given to all colleagues of the History department at the Radboud University, especially my fellow ancient historians. My friends and in-laws are to be thanked for their encouragements and expressing interest in my work. I wish to thank my parents and my sister for their unconditional support and love. The final words of thanks are reserved for Folkert, who is probably the only physicist whoisanexpertonbothparticleacceleratorsandthird-centuryRoman imperialadministration: hislove, support,optimismandpatience have beenindispensable.Iamextremelythankfulforeverythinghedid. This project, which is part of the larger research program ‘Image and Reality of Roman Imperial Power, ad–’, could not have been carried out without the financial support provided by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO). Thanks are also due to the Radboud University of Nijmegen, the EU’s Lifelong Learning Pro- grammeErasmus,theRoyalNetherlandsInstituteinRome(KNIR),the Prins Bernhard Cultuurfonds and the Stichting Dr. Hendrik Muller’s VaderlandschFonds.Anearlierversionofmuchofsection.waspub- lished in O. Hekster, G. de Kleijn and D. Slootjes (eds.), Crises and the RomanEmpire.IMEM(LeidenandBoston). ABBREVIATIONS AAntHung ActaAntiquaAcademiaeScientiarumHungaricae AE L’Annéeépigraphique AJPh AmericanJournalofPhilology ANRW AufstiegundNiedergangderrömischenWelt BJ BonnerJahrbücherdesRheinischenLandesmuseumsinBonnund VereinsvonAltertumsfreundenimRheinlande BMCRE H.Mattingly,C.H.V.Sutherland,E.A.Sydenhametal.,Coinsof theRomanEmpireintheBritishMuseum(LondonandOxford –) CAH TheCambridgeAncientHistory(Cambridge–) CCG CahiersduCentreGustave-Glotz CIL CorpusInscriptionumLatinarum Cod.Iust. CodexIustinianus,ed.P.Krueger(Berlin–) CP ClassicalPhilology CQ ClassicalQuarterly CR ClassicalReview DNP H.Cancik,H.Schneider,M.Landfester(eds.),DerNeuePauly. EnzyklopädiederAntike.BändeAltertumA–Z,Bände Rezeptions-undWissengeschichteA–Z,Registerband(Stuttgart andWeimar–). DoS J.ScottandG.Marshall(eds.),ADictionaryofSociology(rd revisededition,Oxford). DSS C.J.Calhoun(ed.),DictionaryoftheSocialSciences(NewYork ). HA HistoriaAugusta IEph DieInschriftenvonEphesos(IGSK–),vols.(Bonn– ) IESBS N.J.Smelser,P.B.Baltes(eds.),InternationalEncyclopediaofthe SocialandBehavioralSciences(Oxford). IG InscriptionesGraecae(Berlin–) IGBR InscriptionesGraecaeinBulgariaRepertae IGRR R.Cagnat,A.Merlin,L.Chatelain,InscriptionesGraecaeadRes RomanasPertinentes,vols.(,,)(Paris–). ILAfr Inscriptionslatinesd’Afrique(Tripolitaine,Tunisie,Maroc)(Paris ) ILAlg Inscriptionslatinesdel’Algérie(–) ILS H.Dessau(ed.),InscriptionesLatinaeSelectae,vols.(Berlin –).
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