THE POLITICIZED MUSE Guy Sircello, A New Theory of Beauty (1975) Rab Hatfield, Botticelli’s Uffizi “Adoration”: A Study in Pictorial Content (1976) Rensselaer W. Lee, Names on Trees: Ariosto into Art (1976) Alfred Brendel, Musical Thoughts and Afterthoughts (1977) Robert Fagles, I, Vincent: Poemsfrom the Pictures of Van Gogh (1979) Jonathan Brown, Images and Ideas in Seventeenth-Century Spanish Painting (1978) Walter Cahn1 Masterpieces: Chapters on the History of an Idea (1979) Roger Scruton, TheAesthetics of Architecture (1980) Peter Kivy, The Corded Shell: Reflections on Musical Expression (1980) James H. Rubin, Realism and Social Vision in Courbet and Proudhon (1981) Mary Ann Caws, The Eyes in the Text: Essays on Perception, ManneristtoModem (1981) Morris Eaves, William Blake’s Theory of Art (1982) E. Haverkamp-Begcmann, Rembrandt: TheNightwatch (1982) John V. Fleming, From Bonaventure to Bellini: An Essay in Franciscan Exegesis (1982) Peter Kivy, Sound and Semblance: Reflections on Musical Representation (1984) John N. King, TudorRoyal Iconography: Literature and Art in an Age of Religious Crisis (1989) Conrad Rudolph, Artistic Change at St-Denis: Abbot Sugeris Program and the Early Twelfth Century Controversy over Art (1990) Pamela Askew, Caravaggio’s ‘Death of the Virgin” (1990) Anthony M. Cummings, The Politicized Muse: Music Jor Medici Festivals, isi2—is37 (1992) T H E P O L I T I C I Z E D M U S E MUSIC FOR MEDICI FESTIVALS, 1 5 1 2 -1 5 3 7 Anthony M Cummings . PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY Copyright © 1992 by Princeton University Press Published by Princeton University Press, 41 William Street, Princcton, New Jersey 0854-0 In the United Kingdom: Princeton University Press, Oxford Ail Rights Reserved Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Cummings, Anthony M. The politicized muse : Music for Medici festivals, 1512^1537 / Anthony M. Cummings. p. cm. — (Princeton essays on the arts) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-691-09142-0 1. Music—Italy—Florence—16th century—History and criticism. 2. Music and state—Italy—Florence. 3. Festivals—Italy—Florence—History—16th entury. 4. Florence (Italy)—History—1421-1737. 5. Arts, Italian—Italy—Florcncc. 6. Arts, Renaissance—Italy— Florence. 7. Art and state—Italy—Florence. 8. Medici, House of. I. Title. II. Series. ML290.8.F6C85 1992 780'.945'ji0903i—dc20 91-35069 This book has been composed in Linotron Galliard Princeton University Press books are printed on acid-free paper, and meet the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Committee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the Council on Library Resources Printed in the United States of America 2 4 68 10 9 7 5 31 For my parents W I l l u s t r a t i o n s ix P r e f a c e a n d A c k n o w le d g m e n ts xiii P a r t i a l G e n e a l o g y o f t h e M e d ic i F am ily xvii T o t h e R e a d e r xix I n t r o d u c t i o n : Some Aspects of Methodology 3 PART I. THE FIRST YEARS OF THE MEDICI RESTORATION: THE UNION OF FLORENCE AND ROME C h a p te r i. The Restoration π C h a p te r 2. The 1513 CarnivaJ 15 C h a p te r 3. The Election of Leo X 42 C h a p te r 4. Giuliano de’ Medici’s Capitoline Investiture 53 C h a p te r 5. Leo X’s 1515 Florentine Entmta 67 PART II. TOWARD THE PRINCIPATO: LORENZO DE’ MEDICI, 1513-1519 C h a p te r 6. Archbishop Giulio’s Possesso 85 C h a p te r 7. The 1514 Feast of San Giovanni 87 C h a p te r 8. Lorenzo de’ Medici, Captain General of the Florentine Militia and Duke of Urbino 93 Chapter 9- The Wedding of Lorenzo and Madeleine 99 PART III. ALESSANDRO DB’ MEDICI AND THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE PRINCIPATO C h a p te r 10. The First Years of Clement’s Pontificate 117 C h a p te R ir. The Coronation of Charles V 128 C h a p te r 12. Alessandro, Duke of the Florentine Republic 140 CONTENTS CHAPTER 13. The Wedding of Alessandro and Margaret ISI CONCLUSION: Toward a Typology of Florentine Festival Music of the Early Cinquecento 163 NOTES 173 INDEX 251 viii ILLUSTRATIONS Figure i. Raphael, portrait of Pope Leo X and Cardinals Giulio de' Medici and Luigi de' Rossi. Florence, Galleria degli Uffizi, Inv. Galleria Palatina, 1912, no. 40 17 Figure 2. Portrait of Giuliano de' Medici, attributed to Francesco Penni, from the workshop of Raphael. New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Inv. no. 4-9.7.12. 18 Figure 3. Raphael, portrait of Lorenzo de' Medici. Courtesy of Ira Spanierman 19 Figure 4. Representation of the carro "della Zecca" or "di San Gio- vanni." Reproduced from Pietro Gori, Le feste fiorentine attraverso isecoli: Le feste per San Giovanni (Florence, 1926), p. 77 20 Figures j and 6. Decorative panels, attributed to Andrea del Sarto. Florence, Galleria degli Uffizi, Gabinetto dei disegni, 91461 and 91464 22 Figure 7. Decorative panel, attributed to Andrea di Cosimo Feltrini. Florence, Galleria degli Uffizi, Gabinetto dei disegni, 91462 2.3 Figure 8. Decorative panel, attributed to Jacopo Pontormo. Lewisburg, Pennsylvania, Center Gallery, Bucknell University, Kress Study Collection, no. 1618 24 Figure 9. Decorative panel, attributed to Jacopo Pontormo. Brunswick, Maine, Bowdoin College Museum of Art, Kress Study Collection, no. 1619 24 Figures 10 and 11. Decorative panels, attributed to Jacopo Pontormo. Rome, Palazzo Montecitorio, Inv. 1890,5282 and 1890, 5279 25 Figure 12. Representation of the practice of solo singing to the viol. Florence, Biblioteca nazionale centrale, Palatino E.6.5.1.II.31, fol. 274r 38 Figure 13. Frontispiece to Jacopo Penni's Cronim delle magnificbe et honor ate pompe falte in Roma per la creatione et incoronatione di papa Leone X, pant. opt. max. Rome, Biblioteca Apostolica Varicana, Ferrajoli IV 9758 (2,) 47 Figure 14. Design for a triumphal arch, attributed to Baldassare Peruzzi. Florence, Galleria degli Uffizi, Gabinetto dei disegni, Orn. 72 48 Figure 15. Baldassare Peruzzi, design for a triumphal arch. London, British Museum, Department of Prints and Drawings, no. 1946-4-13-2.11 52 Figure 16. Anonymous representation of the Capitoline. Paris, Musee du Louvre, Ecole d'ltalie, no. 11028 55 Figure 17. Plan of the Capitoline in 1513. Reproduced from Arnaldo Bruschi, "II teatro capitolino del 1513," in Bollettino del Centra intemazionale di studi di architettura Andrea Palladia 16 (1974): 189-218, especially p. 192 56