Planning and design of ports and marine terminals PDF
Preview Planning and design of ports and marine terminals
PLANNING AND DESIGN OF PORTS AND MARINE TERMINALS 2nd Edition Hans Agerschou, Ian Dand, Torben Ernst, Harry Ghoos, Ole Juul Jensen, Jens Korsgaard, John M. Land, Tom McKay, Hocine Oumeraci, Jakob Buus Petersen, Leif Runge-Schmidt, Hanne L. Svendsen Downloaded by [ NEW YORK UNIVERSITY] on [01/02/17]. Copyright © ICE Publishing, all rights reserved. PublishedbyThomasTelfordPublishing,ThomasTelfordLtd,1HeronQuay, LondonE144JD. URL:http://www.thomastelford.com DistributorsforThomasTelfordbooksare USA:ASCEPress,1801AlexanderBellDrive,Reston,VA20191-4400,USA Japan:MaruzenCo.Ltd,BookDepartment,3–10Nihonbashi2-chome,Chuo-ku, Tokyo103 Australia:DABooksandJournals,648WhitehorseRoad,Mitcham3132,Victoria Firsteditionpublished1983byJohnWiley&Sons,Ltd Reprintedwithcorrections1985 Secondeditionpublished2004 AlsoavailablefromThomasTelfordBooks Breakwaters,coastalstructuresandcoastlines.EditedbyN.W.H.Allsop. ISBN0727730428 Concreteincoastalstructures.EditedbyT.C.Allen. ISBN0727726102 Portdesigner’shandbook:Recommendationsandguidelines.CarlA.Thoresen. ISBN0727732285 AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary ISBN:978 07277 3498 3 0727732242 #HansAgerschouandThomasTelfordLimited2004 Allrights,includingtranslation,reserved.ExceptaspermittedbytheCopyright, DesignsandPatentsAct1988,nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedin aretrievalsystemortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical, photocopyingorotherwise,withoutthepriorwrittenpermissionofthePublishing Director,ThomasTelfordPublishing,ThomasTelfordLtd,1HeronQuay, LondonE144JD. Thisbookispublishedontheunderstandingthattheauthorsaresolelyresponsiblefor thestatementsmadeandopinionsexpressedinitandthatitspublicationdoesnot necessarilyimplythatsuchstatementsand/oropinionsareorreflecttheviewsor opinionsofthepublishers.Whileeveryefforthasbeenmadetoensurethatthe statementsmadeandtheopinionsexpressedinthispublicationprovideasafeand accurateguide,noliabilityorresponsibilitycanbeacceptedinthisrespectbythe authorsorpublishers. TypesetbyAcademicþTechnical,Bristol PrintedandboundinGreatBritainbyMPGBooks,Bodmin,Cornwall Downloaded by [ NEW YORK UNIVERSITY] on [01/02/17]. Copyright © ICE Publishing, all rights reserved. Contents Foreword to first edition xv Foreword to second edition xvii Chapter1 Introduction Hans Agerschou 1 Generalconsiderations 1 Generalaspectsofplanninganddesign 2 Thechoiceofgenerallocationsfornewportsandportextensions 3 Chapter2 Facilities requirements Hans Agerschou 5 Introduction 5 Facilitiesrequirements 5 Generalconsiderations 5 Analyticalsolutionsfordeterminationoffacilitiesrequirements 6 Computersimulation 17 References 20 Chapter3 Determination of facilities requirements for container terminals by a hybridapproach consisting of computer simulation, analyticaland empirical solutions Hans Agerschou 21 Introduction 21 Requirementsforahybridapproach 22 Quaysandassignmentsofberths 23 Shiparrivals,servicetimeanddepartures 24 Shipscallingattheterminalandthecontainerexchange pership 24 Statisticalanalysesofdistributionsofboxexchangespership andoflengthsofshipsfor20containerterminals 26 General 26 Resultsforimport/exportterminalswithouttrans-shipment 26 Resultsfortrans-shipmentterminals 29 Resultsformixedimport/exportandtrans-shipmentterminals 29 v Downloaded by [ NEW YORK UNIVERSITY] on [01/02/17]. Copyright © ICE Publishing, all rights reserved. PLANNING AND DESIGN OF PORTS AND MARINE TERMINALS Containerquaycranes 29 Containerhandlingbetweenquaycranesandyardequipment 30 Containerthroughput 30 Containerstorageyards 31 Yard(s)forinboundcontainerswithcargoandinternal movements 31 Yard(s)foroutboundcontainerswithcargo 31 Yard(s)fortrans-shipmentcontainers 33 Yard(s)forempties 33 Containerflowstoandfromyardsbylandtransport 33 Yardarea,layoutandequipment 34 Stacksforinboundcontainerswithcargoandinternal movement(shifting)ofcontainers 34 Stacksforoutboundcontainerswithcargoandfor trans-shipmentcontainersaswellasforinboundand outboundempties 35 Majorsimulationoutputs 36 Conclusions 37 References 38 Chapter4 Economicand financial feasibility Hans Agerschou 39 Generalconsiderations 39 Evaluationofeconomicfeasibility 39 Economiccosts 41 Economicbenefits 41 Least-costsolutions 46 Financialfeasibility 47 Generalconsiderations 47 Evaluationoffinancialfeasibility 48 References 48 Chapter5 Ships and their influence on portfacilities Hans Agerschou and Jakob Buus Petersen 49 Introduction 49 Maindimensions 50 Generalconsiderations 50 Maindimensions 50 Lengthoverall 63 Extremebreadth 64 Draught 64 Cargo-carryingcapacityandcargounitscarried 64 Cargo-handlinggear 66 Sizeandshapeofhullandsuperstructure 66 vi Downloaded by [ NEW YORK UNIVERSITY] on [01/02/17]. Copyright © ICE Publishing, all rights reserved. CONTENTS Hullstrength 68 Superstructureconfiguration 69 Motionandmoorings 70 Manoeuvrabilityatlowspeed 75 Generalconsiderations 75 Modeltests 76 Computersimulationmodels 77 References 81 Chapter6 Accesschannels and basins Dr Ian Dand 83 Introduction 83 Accesschannels 83 Generalconsiderations 83 Thedesignofaccesschannels 84 Conceptdesign 85 Detaileddesign 95 Safetycriteria 103 Basins 105 Openbasins 105 Closedbasins 106 References 107 Chapter7 Breakwaters OleJuul Jensenand Professor, Dr Hocine Oumeraci 108 Introduction 108 Influenceofbreakwatersonsiteselection 108 Relationsbetweenbreakwaterandlayoutofport 109 Typesofbreakwaters 111 Functionalrequirements 111 Climatic,oceanographicandhydrographicconditions 111 Construction 114 Designofrubble-moundbreakwaters 114 General 114 Mainelements 117 Rubble-moundhydraulics 120 Modesofdamageduetowavesanddesignofmainelements 120 Overtopping 143 Prototypemeasurements 144 Recentchangesinbreakwaterdesignandconstructionpractice 145 Modeltests 146 Constructionofrubble-moundbreakwaters 151 Generalconsiderations 151 Constructionmethods 151 vii Downloaded by [ NEW YORK UNIVERSITY] on [01/02/17]. Copyright © ICE Publishing, all rights reserved. PLANNING AND DESIGN OF PORTS AND MARINE TERMINALS Constructionmaterials 154 Constructioncrosssectionsandstrategy 155 Caissonbreakwatertypesandlessonslearnedfromfailures 155 Typesofcaissonbreakwaters 155 Lessonslearnedfromverticalbreakwaterfailures 157 Designofcaissonbreakwaters 161 Outlineofdesignproceduresandgeneralconsiderations 161 Hydraulicperformance 163 Waveloadingofcaissonswithplainfrontwalls 171 WaveloadingofperforatedJarlan-typecaissons 192 Totalwaveforces 193 Waveloadsonarmouredcaissonbreakwaters 197 Waveloadsonhigh-mound-compositebreakwaters(HMCB) 200 Otherimportantdesignloads 206 Stabilityconsiderations 206 Hydraulicmodeltesting 221 Constructionofcaissonbreakwaters 224 Constructabilityandconstructionstages 224 Caissondimensionsandstructuralmembers 225 Assessmentofallowablewaveconditionsforconstruction 226 Productionandtransportationofcaissons 227 Preparationoffoundation,sinkingandplacingofcaissons 233 Fillingofcaissoncells 235 Measuresagainstscouranderosionduringconstruction 236 Securingjointsbetweencaissons 238 Creststructures 239 Innovativecaissonbreakwaters 243 General 243 Innovationprinciplesandtheirapplication 244 Perspectivesoncaisson-typestructures 248 Monitoring,inspection,maintenanceandrepairs 249 Purposeandgeneralstrategy 249 References 256 Chapter8 Berth and terminal design ingeneral. Storagefacilities and cargo-handling systems Harry Ghoos, JensKorsgaard, Leif Runge-Schmidt and Hans Agerschou 263 Introduction 263 Generalcargoberths 265 Berthsurfaceelevations 265 Apronwidths 265 Totalwidthsoflandareabehindquayface 266 Transitsheds 266 viii Downloaded by [ NEW YORK UNIVERSITY] on [01/02/17]. Copyright © ICE Publishing, all rights reserved. CONTENTS Opentransitstorage 268 Pavements 269 Cargo-handlingsystems 270 Containerterminals 274 Generalconsiderations 274 Apronelevationandwidth 275 Container-yardequipment 277 Yardlayoutandstackingpatterns 281 Handlingbetweenshipandapron 283 Pavements 284 Buildings 284 Partlyandfullyautomaticterminals 284 Mixedgeneralcargo-containerterminalsandgeneralcargo terminalssuitableforconversiontocontainertraffic 285 Roll-on/roll-offterminals 285 Generalconsiderations 285 Facilitiesforro/roshipswithoutrampsorwithlongitudinal ramps 286 Advancedro/rosystems 288 Ferryterminals 290 Generalconsiderations 290 Thetraffic 291 Marshallingyards 292 Passengerfacilities 293 Berthfacilities 293 Scourprotection 297 High-speedferryterminals 297 Generalconsiderations 297 Thetraffic 299 Marshallingyards 299 Passengerfacilities 301 Berthfacilities 301 Scourprotection 301 Liquid-bulkterminals 302 Generalconsiderations 302 Conventionalberthsforcrudeoilandpetroleumproducts 303 Storagefacilitiesforliquids 306 Conventionalterminalsforrefrigeratedand/orcompressed liquidgases 306 Storagefacilitiesforliquidgases 308 Offshoreterminals 308 Dry-bulkterminals 312 Generalconsiderations 312 ix Downloaded by [ NEW YORK UNIVERSITY] on [01/02/17]. Copyright © ICE Publishing, all rights reserved. PLANNING AND DESIGN OF PORTS AND MARINE TERMINALS Conventionalexportterminals 314 Conventionalimportterminals 317 Environmentalconsiderations 319 Multiple-useberths 320 Offshoreterminalsforslurriedbulk 320 Fishingports 321 Generalconsiderations 321 Thecatchandthefleet 323 Landingandprocessing 323 Berthingfacilities 324 Serviceandrepairfacilities 324 Icesupply 325 Pollutioncontrol 325 Ancillaryfacilities 325 Anexampleofamodernfishingport 326 References 332 Chapter9 Berth and terminal structures design Torben Ernst and Leif Runge-Schmidt 333 Introduction 333 Definitions 333 Basisfordesign 334 Facilitiesrequirements 334 Siteconditions 335 Generaldesignconsiderations 336 Least-costsolutions 336 Twoimportantsiteconditions 337 Vertical-facestructuresversusopenstructures 338 Costestimates 338 Quaystructures 340 Generalconsiderations 340 Traditionalsheet-pilewalls 340 Sheet-pilewallwithrelievingplatform 348 Gravityquaywall 351 Openstructures 355 Piers 358 Generalconsiderations 358 Piledpiers 358 Floatingpiers 360 Jetties 362 Fenders 364 Rubbingorprotectionfenders 365 Fenderswhichimprovemooringconditions 365 x Downloaded by [ NEW YORK UNIVERSITY] on [01/02/17]. Copyright © ICE Publishing, all rights reserved. CONTENTS Energyabsorbingfenders 365 Kineticenergy 366 Fenderreactions 367 Typesoffenders 368 Rubberfenders 368 Pneumaticfenders 374 References 375 Chapter10 Environmentalconsiderations Hans Agerschou 376 Introduction 376 Adverseenvironmentaleffectsresultingfromconstructionand practicalremedialmeasures 376 Effectsofcapitaldredgingandreclamationonthefloraand faunainseawater,onandbelowtheseabottom 376 Waterpollution 377 Airpollution 377 Noiseandvibrationpollution 377 Adverseenvironmentaleffectsresultingfromportoperationand practicalremedialmeasures 377 Maintenancedredging 377 Waterpollutioncausedbycargohandling 378 Airpollutioncausedbycargohandlingandstorage 378 Noisepollutioncausedbyships,landtransportand cargohandling 378 Pollutioncausedbydirtycargo 378 Fires,explosionsandotherseriousaccidentscausedby ‘dangerous’cargo 379 Waterpollutioncausedbydischargeofsolidandliquidwaste fromships 379 Water,seabottomandshorepollutioncausedbygroundingor otherdamagetoships 380 Environmentalimpactassessment 380 References 380 Chapter11 Dredging and disposal of contaminated sediments John M. Land 381 Introduction 381 Dredging 382 Generalconsiderations 382 Dredgingandtransportmethods 383 Impactmitigation 388 Monitoringofdredgingoperations 388 Healthandsafety 389 xi Downloaded by [ NEW YORK UNIVERSITY] on [01/02/17]. Copyright © ICE Publishing, all rights reserved.
The list of books you might like
