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Physiology of fitness : prescribing exercise for fitness, weight control, and health PDF

388 Pages·1984·44.97 MB·English
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Second Edition OF PHYSIOLOGY FITNESS m p— ^^i ^^B ^^^M W'^BL m ^^^^. ^ ^^^^y^^^^ »^^V j^ ^ ] SHARKEY BRIAN J. SECOND EDITION PHYSIOLOGY OF FITNESS Digitized by the Internet Archive 2012 in http://archive.org/details/physiologyoffitnOOshar SECOND EDITION PHYSIOLOGY OF FITNESS Prescribing Exercise for Fitness, Weight Control, and Health Brian J. Sharkey, PhD Human Performance Laboratory University of Montana Human Kinetics Publishers, Inc. Champaign, Illinois Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Sharkey, Brian J. Physiology offitness. Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. Sports-Physiological aspects. 2. Physical fitness. — 3. Exercise Physiological aspects. I. Title. RC1235.S52 1984 613.7 84-3850 ISBN 0-931250-66-8 Production Director: Kathryn Gollin Marshak Copy Editor: Susan K. Wilmoth, PhD Typesetting: Sandra Meier and Yvonne Sergent Text Layout: Lezli Harris Cover Design and Layout: Jack Davis Opening photographs for Parts 4 and 5 courtesy of Courier-News, by Kathy Johnson. ISBN: 0-931250-66-8 Copyright © 1984, 1979 by Brian J. Sharkey All rights reserved. Except for use in a review, the reproduction or utilization ofthis work in anyformorbyanyelectronic, mechanical, orothermeans, nowknownorhereafterinvented, including xerography, photocopying, and recording, and in any information storage and retrieval system, is forbidden without the written permission ofthe publisher. Printed in the United States ofAmerica 98765432 10 Human Kinetics Publishers, Inc. Box 5076, Champaign, IL 61820 To Barbara The perfect companion for the long run. Contents Preface xiii Acknowledgments xv Introduction 1 The Study of Fitness, 2 The Meanings of Fitness, 2 The Active Lifestyle, 4 PART AEROBIC FITNESS 1 Chapter Understanding Aerobic Fitness 9 1 Intensity of Aerobic Exercise, 10 Measurement of Aerobic Fitness, 11 Factors Influencing Aerobic Fitness, 12 Chapter2 Aerobic Fitness: The Training Effect 18 Training Studies, 19 Respiration and Oxygen Transport, 19 Heart and Circulation, 20 Muscle Fibers, 22 Specificity of Training, 22 Nervous System, 23 Hormones, 24 Endorphins, 26 Body Composition, 26 Bones, Ligaments, and Tendons, 27 Implications, 29 vii Contents viji Chapter3 Prescriptions forAerobic Fitness 31 Intensity of Exercise, 32 Duration of Exercise, 36 Frequency of Exercise, 37 Modes of Training, 38 Optimal Fitness, 42 An Aerobic Training Program, 45 Medical Examination, 51 PART2 MUSCULAR FITNESS 53 Chapter4 Understanding Muscular Fitness 55 Primary Components of Muscular Fitness, 55 Other Components of Muscular Fitness, 60 Chapter5 Muscular Fitness: The Training Effect 64 Strength and Endurance Training, 64 Flexibility, 69 Speed and Power, 71 Chapter6 Prescriptions for Muscular Fitness 73 Strength, 73 Advanced Strength Training, 77 Endurance, 78 Speed and Power, 80 Minimum Muscular Fitness, 81 PART3 FITNESSAND WEIGHT CONTROL 83 Chapter7 Energy Balance 85 Energy Intake, 85 Energy Expenditure, 86 Energy Balance, 89 Overweight and Obesity, 90 Chapter8 Exercise, Fitness, and Weight Control 98 The Effects of Exercise, 98 Fitness and Fat, 101

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