Pharmacology : a 2-in-1 reference for nurses PDF
Preview Pharmacology : a 2-in-1 reference for nurses
3203 FM.QXD 8/29/08 12:27 PM Page i PPhhaarrmmaaccoollooggyy A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses 3203 FM.QXD 8/29/08 12:27 PM Page ii 3203 FM.QXD 8/29/08 12:27 PM Page iii Pharmacology Pharmacology A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses 3203 FM.QXD 8/29/08 12:27 PM Page iv STAFF Executive Publisher The clinical procedures described and recom- Judith A.Schilling McCann,RN,MSN mended in this publication are based on research and consultation with nursing,medical,and legal Editorial Director authorities.To the best ofour knowledge,these William J.Kelly procedures reflect currently accepted practice; Clinical Director nevertheless,they can’t be considered absolute and universal recommendations.For individual Joan M.Robinson,RN,MSN application,all recommendations must be con- Senior Art Director sidered in light ofthe patient’s clinical condition Arlene Putterman and,before administration ofnew or infrequently used drugs,in light ofthe latest package-insert Art Director information.The authors and the publisher dis- Elaine Kasmer claim responsibility for any adverse effects Clinical Manager resulting directly or indirectly from the suggested Eileen Cassin Gallen,RN,MSN procedures,from any undetected errors,or from the reader’s misunderstanding ofthe text. Drug Information Editor Melissa M.Devlin,PharmD ©2005 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.All Editorial Project Manager rights reserved.This book is protected by copy- right.No part ofit may be reproduced,stored in Christiane L.Brownell aretrieval system,or transmitted,in any form or Editors by any means—electronic,mechanical,photo- Nancy Priff,Catherine Harold copy,recording,or otherwise—without prior written permission ofthe publisher,except for Clinical Editors briefquotations embodied in critical articles and Lisa M.Bonsall,RN,MSN,CRNP;Christine reviews and testing and evaluation materials M.Damico,RN,MSN,CPNP;Kimberly A. provided by publisher to instructors whose Zalewski,RN,MSN schools have adopted its accompanying textbook. Printed in the United States ofAmerica.For Copy Editors information,write Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Kimberly Bilotta (supervisor), 323 Norristown Road,Suite 200,Ambler,PA Heather Ditch,Dona Hightower Perkins 19002. Designers Pharm2in1010404-030406 PubTech,LLC Digital Composition Services Library ofCongress Diane Paluba (manager),Joyce Rossi Biletz, Cataloging-in Publication Data Joe Clark,Donna S.Morris Pharmacology:a 2-in-1 reference for nurses. Manufacturing p.;cm. Includes index. Patricia K.Dorshaw (director), 1.Pharmacology 2.Nursing.I.Lippincott Beth Janae Orr Williams & Wilkins. Editorial Assistants [DNLM:1.Pharmacology—methods—Nurses’ Carol A.Caputo,Tara L.Carter-Bell,Arlene Instruction.2.Drug Therapy—nursing.3. Pharmaceutical Preparations—administration & P.Claffee dosage. QV 4 P53608 2004] Indexer RM300.P5175 2004 Barbara Hodgson 615'.1—dc22 ISBN 1-58255-320-3 (alk.paper) 2003027064 3203 FM.QXD 8/29/08 12:27 PM Page v Contents Contributors and consultants vii Foreword ix 1 Fundamentals ofclinical pharmacology 1 2 Autonomic nervous system drugs 25 3 Neurologic and neuromuscular drugs 57 4 Analgesics 118 5 Cardiovascular drugs 155 6 Respiratory drugs 215 7 Gastrointestinal drugs 235 8 Psychotropic drugs 266 9 Anti-infective drugs 293 10 Antineoplastics 361 11 Hematologic drugs 429 12 Endocrine drugs 459 13 Immunomodulation drugs 489 14 Drugs for fluid and electrolyte balance 512 15 Essentials ofdosage calculations 526 16 Drug administration 545 17 Medication errors 569 Appendices and Index Adverse reactions misinterpreted as age-related changes 576 Herb-drug interactions 578 Index 585 vv 3203 FM.QXD 8/29/08 12:27 PM Page vi 3203 FM.QXD 8/29/08 12:27 PM Page vii Contributors and consultants Tricia M.Berry,PharmD,BCPS Nicole M.Maisch,PharmD Associate Professor ofPharmacy Assistant Clinical Professor Practice St.John’s University St.Louis College ofPharmacy College ofPharmacy and Allied Health Professions Lawrence P.Carey,PharmD Jamaica,N.Y. Assistant Professor,Physician Assistant Studies Molly J.Moran,APRN,MS,BC Philadelphia University Clinical Nurse Specialist Arthur G.James Cancer Hospital and Mary Milano Carter,RNC,MS,ANP,BC Richard J.Solove Research Institute North Shore Pain Services Columbus,Ohio North Shore University Hospital Syosset,N.Y. Christine K.O’Neil,PharmD,BCPS, FCCP,GCP Brenda Denson,PharmD Associate Professor Pharmacy Clinical Coordinator Mylan School ofPharmacy Children’s Health System Duquesne University Birmingham,Ala. Pittsburgh Jennifer Faulkner,PharmD,BCPP Steven G.Ottariano,RPh Clinical Pharmacy Specialist,Psychiatry Clinical Herbal Specialist Central Texas Veterans Health Care Veteran’s Administration Medical System Center Temple Manchester,N.H. Christopher A.Fausel,PharmD, Susan Sard,PharmD BCPS,BCOP Clinical Pharmacist Clinical Pharmacist,Adult Hematology, Anne Arundel Medical Center Oncology,Bone Marrow Transplant Annapolis,Md. Indiana University Hospital Indianapolis Dominique A.Thuriere,MD Chief,Mental Health and Behavioral Tatyana Gurvich,PharmD Sciences Clinical Pharmacologist Bay Pines (Fla.) Veteran’s Glendale (Calif.) Adventist Family Administration Medical Center Practice Residency Program Joanne Whitney, RPh,PharmD,PhD Michelle Kosich,PharmD Associate Clinical Professor;Director, Pharmacy Clinical Coordinator Drug Product Services Mercy Fitzgerald Hospital University ofCalifornia Darby,Pa. San Francisco vii 3203 FM.QXD 8/29/08 12:27 PM Page viii viii CONTRIBUTORS AND CONSULTANTS Barbara S.Wiggins,PharmD,BCPS Pharmacy Clinical Specialist, Cardiology University ofVirginia Medical Center Charlottesville Lei Xi,MD Instructor ofMedicine Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond 3203 FM.QXD 8/29/08 12:27 PM Page ix Foreword Take a moment to consider these questions.How much can you call to mind about drugs in general,why drugs ofa certain class act the way they do,which related drugs might cause similar interactions or adverse effects,and which assessment,mon- itoring,and follow-up steps you should pursue ifyour patient’s regimen includes less- familiar drugs? The demands and hectic pace ofeveryday practice requires you to work efficiently; time management is essential.That’s why I’m pleased to recommend Pharmacology: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses.Whether you need a minor memory booster or a com- plete refresher course,this book has it. Ingenious format The first thing you’ll notice about Pharmacology: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nursesis its ingenious two-column format.The inner two-thirds ofeach page contains a full nar- rative on drugs and their classes.The outer third ofeach page contains abbreviated, bulleted information that’s perfect for quick scanning.The full effect ofthis two-part design is that you can skip the information you already know,quickly review any- thing you want to clarify or update,and easily go in-depth whenever you choose—all in the same book,often on the same page. For example,ifyou’re pressed for time or you just want a quick refresher,skim the narrow column on the outside edge ofeach page.Here you’ll find all the most perti- nent points ofeach drug class and many individual drugs in convenient bulleted form.Ifyou want a more extensive review,simply shift your eyes over to the main column,where you’ll find a more expanded version ofthe same topic.The informa- tion is still concise and clear,just more detailed. Practical approach And here’s an important distinction.It isn’t just the flexible format that sets this book apart.It’s the content itself. For one thing,it’s grouped in the most practical way possible:by therapeutic use. You’ll find individual chapters on the most important drug groups,such as cardiovas- cular drugs,respiratory drugs,GI drugs,anti-infectives,antineoplastics,neurologic drugs,and much more.You’ll also find full chapters on drug classes ofincreasing scope and importance,such as immunomodulating drugs,psychotropic drugs,and endocrine drugs. For another thing,drug information is organized to follow a consistent,practical order:pharmacokinetics,pharmacodynamics,pharmacotherapeutics,interactions, adverse reactions,and nursing considerations. You’ll also find chapters on equally practical matters,such as essential dosage cal- culations,step-by-step drug administration techniques,best drug-error sidesteps,and the must-know pharmacologic fundamentals. ix 3203 FM.QXD 8/29/08 12:27 PM Page x x FOREWORD A final practical aspect ofthis flexible book is its special logo features.These tar- geted short pieces call your attention to selected major topics and offer concise,scan- and-go information.Look for these helpful boxes and illustrations throughout the text: ✦ Eye on drug action:Illustrations to help you visualize—and remember—the often complicated ways drugs work. ✦ Lifespan:Considerations to carefully care for pregnant,breast-feeding,pediatric, or geriatric patients. ✦ Warning:Highlighted information about dangerous,hazardous,or life-threatening developments and how to avoid them. ✦ Anatomy & physiology:Illustrations ofbody systems and functions to refresh your memory. ✦ Patient teaching:Important points to tell patients about a drug class or a particular drug. ✦ Clinical alert:A colored logo to draw your attention to vitally important informa- tion in the main body ofthe text. Every nurse knows that a sound understanding ofpharmacology goes hand in hand with safe drug administration.Pharmacology: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nursesgives you as quick a review as you want and as complete a reference as you need,all in a surprisingly practical package.I recommend it enthusiastically. Lisa A.Salamon,RNC,MSN,CNS,ETN Clinical Nurse Specialist Cleveland (Ohio) Clinic Foundation
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