Copyright © 2022 by Lloyd Llewellyn-Jones Cover design by Ann Kirchner Cover images © Louvre, Paris, France / Bridgeman Images; © Zita / Shutterstock.com; © photonova / Shutterstock.com; © Magdalena Cvetkovic / Shutterstock.com Cover copyright © 2022 by Hachette Book Group, Inc. Epigraph calligraphy © Farnaz Moshenpour 2022 Map and Family Tree Artwork © Tim Peters 2022 All Line Drawings © Kateryna Kyslitska 2022 Hachette Book Group supports the right to free expression and the value of copyright. The purpose of copyright is to encourage writers and artists to produce the creative works that enrich our culture. The scanning, uploading, and distribution of this book without permission is a theft of the author’s intellectual property. If you would like permission to use material from the book (other than for review purposes), please contact [email protected]. Thank you for your support of the author’s rights. Basic Books Hachette Book Group 1290 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10104 www.basicbooks.com First published in 2022 by WILDFIRE an imprint of HEADLINE PUBLISHING GROUP, an Hachette UK company. First US Edition: April 2022 Published by Basic Books, an imprint of Perseus Books, LLC, a subsidiary of Hachette Book Group, Inc. The Basic Books name and logo is a trademark of the Hachette Book Group. The Hachette Speakers Bureau provides a wide range of authors for speaking events. To find out more, go to www.hachettespeakersbureau.com or call (866) 376-6591. The publisher is not responsible for websites (or their content) that are not owned by the publisher. All translations are the author’s own, except those taken from the IVP edition of The Bible Library of Congress Control Number: 2021943742 ISBNs: 9781541600348 (hardcover), 9781541600355 (ebook) E3-20220307-JV-NF-ORI Contents Cover Title Page Copyright Epigraph Dedication List of Illustrations Map Family Tree Prologue: Persepolis 488 BCE Introduction Part One: Establishing Empire 1. The Medes and the Persians 2. See, the Conqu’ring Hero Comes 3. The Many Deaths – and Births – of Cyrus the Great 4. The Sceptre of Egypt 5. The Truth and the Lie Part Two: Being Persian 6. When Bureaucrats Ruled the World 7. A Court under Canvas 8. Constructing Majesty 9. Slavery by Another Name 10. Crowns and Concubines 11. The Politics of Etiquette 12. Also Sprach Zarathustra Part Three: High Empire 13. Exit Darius 14. Ruling Over Heroes 15. Let Slip the Dogs of War 16. Les Liaisons dangereuses 17. The Times They are a-Changin’ 18. (Un)Happy Families 19. Blood Brothers 20. Women Beware Women 21. Violent Delights Have Violent Ends 22. Some Talk of Alexander Epilogue: Persian Past; Iranian Present Photos Dramatis Personae Further Reading A Note on Abbreviations Acknowledgements Discover More About the Author Praise for Persians A bowl of wine is the Mirror of Alexander – Look, it displays the state of King Darius’ realm to us. – Hafez To my students, past and present, for joining me on the journey back to Persia. Explore book giveaways, sneak peeks, deals, and more. Tap here to learn more.