Pediatric Clinical Practice Guidelines & Policies

6136 Pages·2011·66.35 MB·English

by  American Academy of Pediatrics

A M E R I C A N A C A D E M Y O F P E D I AT R I C S A P
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information you need. P
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Book includes a
• Complete AAP clinical practice guidelines Organization of PediatricClinicalPractice c
• Complete 2010 AAP policy statements and clinical and Guidelines&Policies, 11th Edition t
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technical reports c
• Appendices on policies by committee, the AAP Section 1: Clinical Practice Guidelines From the e
Clinical Practice
Partnership for Policy Implementation, and AAP acronyms American Academy of Pediatrics G
• Quick Reference Tools including coding tips, patient Section 2: Endorsed Clinical Practice Guidelines
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education handouts, and more Section 3: Affirmation of Value Clinical Practice
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• Six-section organization for ease of use Guidelines d
CD-ROM includes Section 4: 2010 Policies From the American e
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• Complete AAP clinical practice guidelines Academy of Pediatrics in &
• Complete text of all AAP policies through December 2010 Section 5: Current Policies From the American e Guidelines Policies
• Full search capabilities
Academy of Pediatrics s
• AAP-endorsed policy statements from other medical Section 6: Endorsed Policies
groups &
Appendix 1: Policies by Committee
Clinical practice guidelines included in this edition Appendix 2: P PI: AAP Partnership for Policy
cover the following pediatric conditions: Implementation P
• Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder Appendix 3: A merican Academy of Pediatrics Acronyms o
• Autism l
• Bronchiolitis i
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• Cerebral palsy i
• Congenital adrenal hyperplasia—New! • Otitis media e
• Depression • Primary vesicoureteral reflux s
• Developmental dysplasia of the hip • Radiology , A Compendium of Evidence-based
• Dialysis—New! • Sedation and analgesia 1
• Endocarditis • Sinusitis 1
• Febrile seizures—New! • Sleep apnea t Research for Pediatric Practice
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• Fluoride • Status epilepticus
• Food allergy—New! • Tobacco use and dependence E
• Gastroenteritis • Urinary tract infection
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• Gastroesophageal reflux Pediatric Clinical Practice Guidelines & Policies, i 11th Edition Text
• Group B streptococcal disease t
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• Hyperbilirubinemia in the healthy fessionals, as well as an excellent resource for academic n
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Text • Influenza and anyone else involved in the care of infants, children, CD-ROM
and • Intravascular catheter-related infections adolescents, and young adults.
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transplant recipients

ISBN: 978-1-58110-568-1
ISSN: 1942-2024

MA0585

a ap
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Pediatric Clinical Practice Guidelines Policies CD-ROM, 11th Edition
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Pediatric Clinical Practice Guidelines & Policies
A Compendium of Evidence-based Research for Pediatric Practice
11th Edition
American Academy of Pediatrics
141 Northwest Point Blvd
Elk Grove Village, IL 60007-1098
www.aap.org
AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS
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11th Edition—2011
10th Edition—2010
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6th Edition—2006
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ISBN: 978-1-58110-568-1
ISSN: 1942-2024
MA0585
9-5/0910
The recommendations in this publication do not indicate an exclusive course of treatment or serve as a standard of medical care.
Variations, taking into account individual circumstances, may be appropriate.
For permission to reproduce material from this publication, visit www.copyright.com and search for Pediatric Clinical Practice Guidelines.
Copyright © 2011 American Academy of Pediatrics. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored
in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or
otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America.
INTRODUCTION TO
PEDIATRIC CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES & POLICIES:
A COMPENDIUM OF EVIDENCE-BASED RESEARCH
FOR PEDIATRIC PRACTICE
Clinical practice guidelines have long provided physicians with evidence-based decision-making tools
for managing common pediatric conditions. Policy statements issued and endorsed by the American
Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) are developed to provide physicians with a quick reference guide to
the AAP position on child health care issues. We have combined these 2 authoritative resources into
one comprehensive manual/CD-ROM resource to provide easy access to important clinical and policy
information.
This manual contains
• Clinical practice guidelines from the AAP, plus related recommendation summaries, ICD-9-CM
coding information, and AAP patient education handouts
• Technical report summaries
• Clinical practice guidelines endorsed by the AAP, including abstracts where applicable
• Policy statements, clinical reports, and technical reports issued or endorsed through December 2010,
including abstracts where applicable
• Full text of all 2010 AAP policy statements, clinical reports, and technical reports
The CD-ROM, which is located on the inside back cover of this manual, builds on the content of
the book and includes full text of
• All AAP clinical practice guidelines
• All AAP policy statements
• All AAP clinical reports
• All AAP technical reports
• All endorsed clinical practice guidelines and policies
For easy reference within this publication, the dates when AAP clinical practice guidelines,
policy statements, clinical reports, and technical reports first appeared in the AAP journal Pediatrics
are provided. In 2009, the online version of Pediatrics at http://pediatrics.aappublications.org became
the official journal of record; therefore, the date of online publication is given for policies from 2009
to  present.
Additional information about
AAP policy can be found in a variety of
professional publications such as
Care of the Young Athlete, 2nd Edition
Guidelines for Perinatal Care, 6th Edition
Pediatric Environmental Health, 2nd Edition
Pediatric Nutrition Handbook, 6th Edition
Red Book®, 28th Edition, and Red Book Online
(www.aapredbook.org)
School Health: Policy & Practice, 6th Edition
For more information on these titles and
similar products or for ordering information, please
call 888/227-1770 or visit our online Bookstore at
www.aap.org/bookstore.
All policy statements, clinical reports, and technical reports from the American Academy of Pediatrics automatically expire
5 years after publication unless reaffirmed, revised, or retired at or before that time. Please check the American Academy of
Pediatrics Web site at www.aap.org for up-to-date reaffirmations, revisions, and retirements.
AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS
The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and its member pediatricians dedicate their efforts and
resources to the health, safety, and well-being of infants, children, adolescents, and young adults. The
AAP has approximately 60,000 members in the United States, Canada, and Latin America. Members
include pediatricians, pediatric medical subspecialists, and pediatric surgical specialists.
Core Values. We believe
• In the inherent worth of all children; they are our most enduring and vulnerable legacy.
• Children deserve optimal health and the highest quality health care.
• Pediatricians are the best qualified to provide child health care.
The American Academy of Pediatrics is the organization to advance child health and well-being.
Vision. Children have optimal health and well-being and are valued by society. Academy members
practice the highest quality health care and experience professional satisfaction and personal well-being.
Mission. The mission of the American Academy of Pediatrics is to attain optimal physical, mental, and
social health and well-being for all infants, children, adolescents, and young adults. To accomplish this
mission, the Academy shall support the professional needs of its members.
V
Table of Contents
SECTION 1 Hyperbilirubinemia
CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES FROM THE Management of Hyperbilirubinemia in the
AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS Newborn Infant 35 or More Weeks
Foreword ................................................................................ 3 of Gestation .............................................................. 153
Technical Report Summary: An Evidence-
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Based Review of Important Issues Concerning
Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia ............................... 177
Diagnosis and Evaluation of the Child With
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder .............. 5 2009 Commentary: Hyperbilirubinemia in
the Newborn Infant ≥35 Weeks’ Gestation:
Treatment of the School-Aged Child With
An Update With Clarifications.............................. 191
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ............ 21
2009 Commentary: Universal Bilirubin
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Clinical
Screening, Guidelines, and Evidence ................... 197
Practice Guidelines Quick Reference Tools ........... 35
Hyperbilirubinemia Clinical Practice Guideline
Bronchiolitis Quick Reference Tools ............................................ 201
Diagnosis and Management of Bronchiolitis ................. 59
Otitis Media
Diagnosis and Management of Acute Otitis Media .... 205
See Appendix 2.
Bronchiolitis Clinical Practice Guideline Quick Otitis Media With Effusion ............................................. 223
Reference Tools .......................................................... 81 Otitis Media Clinical Practice Guidelines Quick
Reference Tools ........................................................ 243
Dysplasia of the Hip
Early Detection of Developmental Dysplasia Sinusitis
of the Hip .................................................................... 85 Management of Sinusitis ................................................. 253
Technical Report Summary: Developmental Technical Report Summary: Evidence
Dysplasia of the Hip Practice Guideline ................ 97 for the Diagnosis and Treatment of
Dysplasia of the Hip Clinical Practice Guideline Acute Uncomplicated Sinusitis in
Quick Reference Tools ............................................ 107 Children: A Systematic Overview ........................ 267
Sinusitis Clinical Practice Guideline Quick
Febrile Seizures Reference Tools ........................................................ 275
Febrile Seizures: Clinical Practice Guideline for
the Long-term Management of the Child Sleep Apnea
With Simple Febrile Seizures ................................. 111 Diagnosis and Management of Childhood
Neurodiagnostic Evaluation of the Child With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome .................... 279
a Simple Febrile Seizure ........................................ 119 Technical Report Summary: Diagnosis
Febrile Seizures Clinical Practice Guidelines and Management of Childhood
Quick Reference Tools ............................................ 127 Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome .................... 291
Sleep Apnea Clinical Practice Guideline Quick
Head Injury Reference Tools ........................................................ 303
The Management of Minor Closed Head Injury
in Children ................................................................ 131 Urinary Tract Infection
Technical Report Summary: Minor Head The Diagnosis, Treatment, and Evaluation of
Injury in Children .................................................... 143 the Initial Urinary Tract Infection in
Febrile Infants and Young Children ..................... 307
Head Injury Clinical Practice Guideline Quick
Reference Tools ........................................................ 149 Technical Report Summary: Urinary
Tract Infections in Febrile Infants
and Young Children ............................................... 321
Urinary Tract Infection Clinical Practice Guideline
Quick Reference Tools ............................................ 333
VI TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION 2 Group B Streptococcal Disease
ENDORSED CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES Prevention of Perinatal Group B
Streptococcal Disease: Revised Guidelines from
Autism CDC, 2010 ................................................................. 342
Screening and Diagnosis of Autism ............................... 339
Helicobacter pylori Infection
Cerebral Palsy Helicobacter pylori Infection in Children:
Recommendations for Diagnosis
Diagnostic Assessment of the Child With
and Treatment .......................................................... 342
Cerebral Palsy .......................................................... 339
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Guidelines for Preventing Opportunistic
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Due to Steroid
Infections Among Hematopoietic Stem
21-hydroxylase Deficiency: An Endocrine
Cell Transplant Recipients ..................................... 342
Society Clinical Practice Guideline ....................... 339
Influenza
Depression
Seasonal Influenza in Adults and Children—
Guidelines for Adolescent Depression in
Diagnosis, Treatment, Chemoprophylaxis,
Primary Care (GLAD-PC): I. Identification,
and Institutional Outbreak Management:
Assessment, and Initial Management .................. 339
Clinical Practice Guidelines of the Infectious
Guidelines for Adolescent Depression in
Diseases Society of America .................................. 342
Primary Care (GLAD-PC): II. Treatment
and Ongoing Management .................................... 340
Intravascular Catheter-Related Infections
Guidelines for the Prevention of Intravascular
Dialysis
Catheter-Related Infections.................................... 343
Shared Decision-Making in the Appropriate
Initiation of and Withdrawal from Dialysis,
Jaundice
2nd Edition ............................................................... 340
Guideline for the Evaluation of Cholestatic
Jaundice in Infants ................................................... 343
Endocarditis
Prevention of Infective Endocarditis: Guidelines
Migraine Headache
From the American Heart Association ................ 340
Pharmacological Treatment of Migraine
Headache in Children and Adolescents .............. 344
Fluoride
Recommendations for Using Fluoride to
Radiology
Prevent and Control Dental Caries
in the United States ................................................. 341 Neuroimaging of the Neonate ........................................ 344
Food Allergy Sedation and Analgesia
Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management Clinical Policy: Evidence-Based Approach
of Food Allergy in the United States: to Pharmacologic Agents Used in
Report of the  NIAID-Sponsored Pediatric Sedation and Analgesia in
Expert Panel ..............................................................341 the Emergency Department ................................... 344
Gastroenteritis Seizure
Managing Acute Gastroenteritis Among Evaluating a First Nonfebrile Seizure
Children: Oral Rehydration, Maintenance, in Children ................................................................ 344
and Nutritional Therapy ........................................ 341 Treatment of the Child With a First
Unprovoked Seizure ............................................... 344
Gastroesophageal Reflux
Guidelines for Evaluation and Treatment of Status Epilepticus
Gastroesophageal Reflux in Infants Diagnostic Assessment of the Child With Status
and Children ............................................................ 341 Epilepticus (An Evidence-based Review) .......... 345
Tobacco Use
Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence:
2008 Update .............................................................. 345
PEDIATRIC CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES & POLICIES VII
Vesicoureteral Reflux Gynecologic Examination for Adolescents in
Report on the Management of Primary the Pediatric Office Setting ......................................497
Vesicoureteral Reflux in Children ........................ 347 Head Lice .............................................................................507
Health Equity and Children’s Rights ...............................521
SECTION 3 Health Supervision for Children With
Prader-Willi Syndrome .............................................535
AFFIRMATION OF VALUE CLINICAL
PRACTICE GUIDELINES Honoring Do-Not-Attempt-Resuscitation
Requests in Schools ...................................................547
Asthma Hospital Stay for Healthy Term Newborns ....................555
Environmental Management of Pediatric Asthma: Identification and Management of Eating
Guidelines for Health Care Providers .................. 351 Disorders in Children and Adolescents .................563
Incorporating Recognition and Management
Palliative Care and Hospice
of Perinatal and Postpartum Depression
Standards of Practice for Pediatric Palliative Care Into Pediatric Practice ...............................................579
and Hospice .............................................................. 351
Increasing Immunization Coverage .................................589
Injuries in Youth Soccer .....................................................601
Sleep Apnea
Intimate Partner Violence: The Role of
Practice Guidelines for the Perioperative
the Pediatrician ..........................................................609
Management of Patients with Obstructive
Sleep Apnea .............................................................. 351 Management of Food Allergy in the School Setting .....619
Media Education .................................................................629
Turner Syndrome Pediatric Organ Donation and Transplantation.............637
Care of Girls and Women With Turner Syndrome: The Pediatrician’s Role in Child Maltreatment
A Guideline of the Turner Syndrome Prevention ...................................................................647
Study Group ...............................................................351
Physicians’ Roles in Coordinating Care of
Hospitalized Children ..............................................659
SECTION 4 Postnatal Corticosteroids to Prevent or
2010 POLICIES FROM THE AMERICAN Treat Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ......................665
ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS Premedication for Nonemergency Endotracheal
Introduction ....................................................................... 355 Intubation in the Neonate ........................................677
Alcohol Use by Youth and Adolescents: Prevention of Choking Among Children ........................687
A Pediatric Concern ..................................................357 Prevention of Drowning ....................................................697
Athletic Participation by Children and Adolescents Prevention of Drowning (Technical Report) ..................707
Who Have Systemic Hypertension .........................369
Principles of Health Care Financing ................................719
Bone Densitometry in Children and Adolescents .........379
Probiotics and Prebiotics in Pediatrics ............................725
Child Fatality Review .........................................................387
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the Health and
Children, Adolescents, Substance Abuse, and Health Care of Children ...........................................743
the Media ....................................................................395
Recommendation for Mandatory Influenza
Children as Hematopoietic Stem Cell Donors ...............407 Immunization of All Health Care Personnel ........787
Cochlear Implants in Children: Surgical Site Recommendations for Prevention and Control
Infections and Prevention and Treatment of Influenza in Children, 2010–2011 .......................797
of Acute Otitis Media and Meningitis ...................423
Recommendations for the Prevention of
Consent by Proxy for Nonurgent Pediatric Care ...........437 Streptococcus pneumoniae Infections in
Diagnosis and Prevention of Iron Deficiency Infants and Children: Use of 13-Valent
and Iron-Deficiency Anemia in Infants and Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV13)
Young Children (0–3 Years of Age) ........................449 and Pneumococcal Polysaccharide
Vaccine (PPSV23).......................................................811
Emergency Information Forms and Emergency
Preparedness for Children With Special Recommended Childhood and Adolescent
Health Care Needs ....................................................463 Immunization Schedules—
United States, 2011 ....................................................819
The Eye Examination in the Evaluation of
Child Abuse ................................................................475 Ritual Genital Cutting of Female Minors ........................827
Guidelines for the Ethical Conduct of Studies Sexuality, Contraception, and the Media ........................831
to Evaluate Drugs in Pediatric Populations ..........483 Sport-Related Concussion in Children
and Adolescents.........................................................841
VIII TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION 5 Beyond Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy:
CURRENT POLICIES FROM THE AMERICAN Identification and Treatment of Child
ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS Abuse in a Medical Setting .....................................869
AAP Principles Concerning Retail-Based Clinics ..........865 Bicycle Helmets ...................................................................869
Abusive Head Trauma in Infants and Children ............865 Bone Densitometry in Children and Adolescents ........869
Access to Optimal Emergency Care for Children ..........865 Breastfeeding and the Use of Human Milk ....................869
ACCF/AHA/AAP Recommendations for The Built Environment: Designing Communi ties
Training in Pediatric Cardiology ...........................865 to Promote Physical Activity in Children..............869
Acetaminophen Toxicity in Children .............................865 Camphor Revisited: Focus on Toxicity ............................870
Achieving Quality Health Services for Cardiovascular Health Supervision for
Adolescents ................................................................865 Individuals Affected by Duchenne
or Becker Muscular Dystrophy ..............................870
Active Healthy Living: Prevention of
Childhood Obesity Through Cardiovascular Monitoring and Stimulant
Increased Physical Activity .....................................865 Drugs for Attention-Deficit/
Hyperactivity Disorder.............................................870
Admission and Discharge Guidelines
for the Pediatric Patient Requiring Care of the Adolescent Sexual Assault Victim ..............870
Intermediate Care ......................................................866 Care Coordination in the Medical Home:
Adolescent Pregnancy: Current Trends Integrating Health and Related Systems
and Issues ...................................................................866 of Care for Children With Special Health
Care Needs .................................................................870
The Adolescent’s Right to Confidential Care
When Considering Abortion ..................................866 The Changing Concept of Sudden Infant
Death Syndrome: Diagnostic Coding
Adolescents and Human Immunodeficiency
Shifts, Controversies Regarding the Sleeping
Virus Infection: The Role of the Pediatrician
Environment, and New Variables to
in Prevention and Intervention ...............................866
Consider in Reducing Risk ......................................870
Advanced Practice in Neonatal Nursing ........................866
Chemical-Biological Terrorism and Its
Age Limits of Pediatrics ....................................................866 Impact on Children ...................................................871
Age Terminology During the Perinatal Period ..............866 Child Abuse, Confidentiality, and the
Alcohol Use by Youth and Adolescents: Health Insurance Portability and
A Pediatric Concern ..................................................866 Accountability Act.....................................................871
All-Terrain Vehicle Injury Prevention: The Child in Court: A Subject Review ...........................871
Two-, Three-, and Four-Wheeled Child Fatality Review .........................................................871
Unlicensed Motor Vehicles ......................................867
Child Life Services .............................................................871
Alternative Dispute Resolution in Medical
Children, Adolescents, and Advertising .........................872
Malpractice .................................................................867
Children, Adolescents, Substance Abuse,
Alternative Routes of Drug Administration—
and the Media ............................................................872
Advantages and Disadvantages
(Subject Review) .......................................................867 Children, Adolescents, and Television ............................872
Ambient Air Pollution: Health Hazards Children as Hematopoietic Stem Cell Donors ...............872
to Children ..................................................................867 Children in Pickup Trucks ................................................872
Antenatal Counseling Regarding Resuscita tion Chronic Abdominal Pain in Children .............................873
at an Extremely Low Gestational Age ...................867
Chronic Abdominal Pain in Children
Antiviral Therapy and Prophylaxis for Influenza (Technical Report) .....................................................873
in Children ................................................................868
Circumcision Policy Statement .........................................873
The Apgar Score ..................................................................868
Classifying Recommendations for
Apnea, Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, Clinical Practice Guidelines .....................................873
and Home Monitoring .............................................868
Climatic Heat Stress and the Exercising
Application of the Resource-Based Relative Child and Adolescent ...............................................873
Value Scale System to Pediatrics ............................868
Clinical Genetic Evaluation of the Child
Athletic Participation by Children and With Mental Retardation or
Adolescents Who Have Developmental Delays ...........................................874
Systemic Hypertension .............................................868
Clioquinol (Iodochlorhydroxyquin, Vioform)
Auditory Integration Training and Facilitated and Iodoquinol (Diiodohydroxyquin):
Communication for Autism ....................................869 Blindness and Neuropathy ......................................874