Pass Finals PDF
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Pass Finals Pocket Essentials Series Editors Professor Parveen Kumar Professor of Clinical Medical Education, Barts and the London, Queen Mary’s School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of London, and Honorary Consult- ant Physician and Gastroenterologist, Barts and the London Hospitals NHS Trust and Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK and Dr Michael Clark Honorary Senior Lecturer, Barts and the London, Queen Mary’s School of Medi- cine and Dentistry, University of London, UK Commissioning Editor: Pauline Graham Development Editor: Lynn Watt Project Manager: Lucía Pérez Designer: Miles Hitchen Illustration Manager: Jennifer Rose Illustrator: Richard Prime Pass Finals Third Edition GEOFF SMITH MD FRCP Consultant Physician and Gastroenterologist, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London ELIZABETH CARTY MD FRCP Consultant Physician and Gastroenterologist, Whipps Cross Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London LOUISE LANGMEAD MD FRCP Consultant Physician and Gastroenterologist, The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London Edinburgh London New York Oxford Philadelphia St Louis Sydney Toronto 2013 © 2013 Elsevier Limited. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions. This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein). First edition 2004 Second edition 2008 Reprinted 2009 Third edition 2013 ISBN 9780702046209 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress Notices Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary. Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility. With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are advised to check the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of practitioners, relying on their own experience and knowledge of their patients, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein. Working together to grow The libraries in developing countries publisher’s policy is to use www.elsevier.com | www.bookaid.org | www.sabre.org paper manufactured from sustainable forests Printed in China – amend as necessary SeriesPreface Medical students and doctors in training are expected to travel to different hospitals and community health centres as part of their education. Many books are too large to carry around, but the information they contain is often vital for the basic understanding of disease processes. The Pocket Essentials series is designed to provide portable, pocket-sized companions for ntials series is designed to provide portable, pocket-sized companions for larger texts like our own Kumar and Clark’s Clinical Medicine. They are most useful for clinical practice, whether in hospital or the community, and for exam revision. All the books in the series have the same helpful features: succinct text simple line drawings emergency and other boxes tables that summarise causes and clinical features of disease examination questions and answers They contain core material for quick revision, easy reference and practical management. The modern format makes them easy to read, providing an indispensable ‘pocket essential’. Parveen Kumar and Michael Clark Series Editors v This page intentionally left blank Preface to the Third Edition In this new edition of Pass Finals we have brought the text up-to-date, aligning it with the 8th edition of Kumar and Clark’s Clinical Medicine. The example questions have been expanded and we have focused on clinical medicine and its assessment. The layout of the book has changed to make it more ‘pocketable’. Our thanks go to Lynn Watt at Elsevier for her patience in the face of adversity and slipping deadlines, and our families for their tolerance as we spent our ‘free time’ in front of a computer screen. As ever, good luck – and remember: they want to pass you, whatever it feels like on the day! G.S. E.C. L.L. June 2012 Acknowledgements Our thanks go to Dr Nick Reading (Consultant Radiologist, Whipps Cross University Hospital) for supplying images for the radiology chapter. vii This page intentionally left blank Preface to the First Edition The range and depth of knowledge that medical students seem to be expected to retain grows continuously. This is despite the stated policy of many medical schools that the ‘information load’ should be reduced in undergraduate teaching. Over the last decade many traditional styles of examination have become less common, replaced by multiple-choice style examinations based on clinical scenarios and OSCE examinations, in place of long and short cases. The advance of molecular medicine and the increasing links between basic sciences and clinical medicine have led us to include these topics in the text. Common radiological investigations are also included as they are becoming a key part of many examinations. The use of evidence-based medicine demands an understanding of statistics and trial design and these topics are, as a result, also included. In this book we have tried to distil a core dataset in general and speciality medicine. The information is provided as bulleted lists and is supported by diagrams and self-assessment questions. By its nature, therefore, this is not a definitive textbook of clinical medicine and the page references to the 6th edition of Kumar and Clark’s Clinical Medicine are designed to point the reader towards a more in-depth explanation of the subject. We hope, however, that it will act as a source of rapid access information for the important disease processes and thereby act as a useful revision aid. Finally we would like to thank those individuals that have supported our efforts – notably Ellen Green and Siân Jarman at Elsevier for their efforts and Sarah Russell for the design work. Also to Parveen Kumar and Michael Clark for their critique of the text and for writing Clinical Medicine in the first place, and to our families for support and coffee during the writing. Finally, we should thank the Good Samaritan for ongoing inspiration. Good Luck! G.S. E.C. L.L. ix
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