Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm to Optimize Project Resource Scheduling

318 Pages·2009·21.51 MB·English

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FOREWORD ICTEL 2009 

International Conference on Telecommunication (ICTel) is an annual event hosted by IT Telkom since 
the year of 2005. Thus today ICTel is its fifth, highlighting on the theme of “ICT Development for the 
Knowledge Based Society”. This theme is chosen as a response from our institution in seeing the 
current trend where ICT already enters various areas of human life. Those areas include education, 
health, banking and finance, mining, national defense, and many others. Most of business activities 
in those areas have been using ICT as their main assisting device. Therefore we can conveniently say 
that ‘ICT for life’ has become ‘a jargon comes to life’, in which lots of ICT applications are everyday 
phenomena. 
Responding  to  that  existing  trend,  ITTelkom  as  one  educational  institution  is  taking  on  active 
participation to link communication among people and communities in ICT development. The vast 
development in ICT has given more and more rooms to ideas and creative minds. This is exactly 
where ICTel is expected to facilitate communications and information exchanges, allowing faster and 
more integrated expansion of ICT knowledge. All ICTel participants coming from diverse background: 
academics, research and development, industry, and engineering are given widest opportunity to 
openly discuss the best solution for ICT for the society growing on pillars of knowledge. 
Last but not least, since ICT development is not something to be built overnight, and that it needs 
continuous and sustainable communication, we hope that the discussions taken place in this event 
can be followed by real efforts to improve the quality of life of society. To all the participants, writers, 
committees, and all the contributing parties, we extend our sincere gratitude and appreciation. We 
hope that ICTel 2009 can give meaningful contribution to ICT development for society. 
Yours, 
Director of Academic Support 

Suwandi 

International Conference on Telecommunication 2009
WELCOMING SPEECH 

ICTel2009 is an annual international conference especially for researchers and academicians in the 
field of telecommunication to share and publish their works. ICTel2009 consists of plenary session 
featuring various presenters to expose their research and read condition of telecommunication 
world.  

The theme “ICT Development for the Knowledge Based Society” is chosen because, as a matter of 
fact, the role of ICT nowadays it expected to be more evolved for the development of sophisticated 
and advanced society. Moreover, ICT will also enable this society to have better information access 
to close the economical and social gap. Thus, eventually prosperity shall be achieved by their society. 

Mainly,  the  plenary  session  of  ICTel2009  consists  of  presentations  covering  the  topic  of 
telecommunication industry, optic, radar, computer, communication system, artificial intelligence, 
and many others. There are 78 abstracts and papers sent to the committee and only 53 papers are 
accepted and to be presented.  These include 4 international presenters, 16 national presenters, and 
33 presenters from the IT Telkom. Participants and presenters of ICTel 2009 come from German, 
Malaysia, Korea, and Indonesia.  

Good luck to all people involved in ICTel 2009. I hope that all of you will enjoy and gain invaluable 
benefits from all agenda of ICTel 2009. 

Bandung, November 2009 
Chair of Organizing Committee 

Iswahyudi Hidayat  

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ICTel 2009 COMMITTEE 
ORGANIZER 
Directorate of Academic Support, Institut Teknologi Telkom Bandung 

TECHNICAL PROGRAM COMMITTEE 
Josaphat Tetuko Sri Sumantyo (Chiba University) 
Joel Joseph Sacro Marciano (IEEE Phillipine Section Chair) 
Toni Anwar (TGGS, Thailand) 
Marzuki Khalid (University Technology of Malaysia) 
Heiko Schroder (Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology) 
Andrian Bayu Suksmono (Institut Teknologi Bandung) 
Sugihartono (Institut Teknologi Bandung) 
Suhartono Tjondronegoro (Institut Teknologi Bandung) 
Aly Muayyadi (Institut Teknologi Telkom) 
Deni Saepudin (Institut Teknologi Telkom) 
Rendy Munadi (Institut Teknologi Telkom) 
Rina Puji Astuti (Institut Teknologi Telkom) 
Ary M. Barmawi (Institut Teknologi Telkom) 
Heroe Wijanto (Institut Teknologi Telkom) 
Dharu Arseno (Institut Teknologi Telkom) 
Iwan Iwut TA (Institut Teknologi Telkom) 

ORGANIZING COMMITTEE 
Iswahyudi Hidayat 
Yuliant Sibaroni 
Erwin Budi Setiawan 
Kinkin Kindawati 
Leanna Vidya Yovita 
Shaufiah 
Adiwijaya 
Iman Hedi Santoso 
Indra Chandra 
Deny Saepudin 
Koredianto Usman 
Rian Febrian Umbara 
Florita Diana Sari 
Istikmal 
Hetti Hidayati 
Heri Iman N. 
Mediana Mayang Kencana 
Ani Yuliani 
Warsino 
Aris Hartaman 
Yanuar Firdaus AW 
Chandra Purna Darmawan

International Conference on Telecommunication 2009
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LIST OF PARTICIPANT PAPERS

A. Social and Technical aspect of Computer Network

Performance Comparison Of Scheduling Algorithm: Round Robin (RR), Weighted Round Robin
(WRR) and Deficit Round Robin (DRR) on WIMAX Network With NS-2 Simulator ................................... 1
Analysis Performance Congestion Control Algorithm on Mobile Adhoc Network (MANET) .................... 11
Performance Evaluation of Multi-Radio AOVD in Hybrid Wireless Mesh Networks Based on
Manhattan Mobility Model ............................................................................................................................ 20
Analysis of Delay Bound in IEEE 802.11g WLAN Over Fiber Networks .................................................... 27
Mobile Banking: Safe, at Least for Now ....................................................................................................... 31
Design and Implementation of SMS Gateway as a Learning Support Tool .................................................. 35
Eastern Cyberlaw Exposed : The Port Scanning Way ................................................................................... 39
Optimize QOS of Metro Ethernet Network with Packet Scheduller Using Weight Round Roubin
Algorithm (WRR) .......................................................................................................................................... 45
Performance Analysis of H.264/AVC Video Streaming Over Wireless LAN with IEEE 802.11e
Enhanced Distributed Channel Access QOS Support ................................................................................... 49
Content Provider Server for Wireless Mobile Device ................................................................................... 56
Improved Flooding Protocol with Gravity Analogy in Wireless Sensor Network ........................................ 62
An Application to Support TDM-to-Softswitch-Based NGN Migration on OPNET IT Guru®
Network Planner ............................................................................................................................................ 69
A Comparison Between FUSC and PUSC Sub-channelization Techniques for Downlink Mobile
WiMAX IEEE 802.16e Performance ............................................................................................................ 73
Analysis Performance of Bandwidth Request-Grant Mechanisms in WiMAX Networks ............................ 80
Design on Information Technology Strategic Planning Framework by Activity Values Identification ........ 86

B. Computer Sience and Intelligent System

Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm to Optimize Project Resource Scheduling .................................. 100
Visualization Comparison Self Organizing Mapping (SOM) Analysis to Linearity Correlation Based
on Region Power Transmission Path in JMB .............................................................................................. 105
Reconstruction of Phylogenetic Tree Using Ant Colony Optimization ....................................................... 110
Corporate Information Factory Planning in Telecommunication Operator ................................................. 115
Design and Implementation of Communication Between Virtual World and Real World Based on
Croquet in 3D Virtual World ....................................................................................................................... 119
Performance Test of Statistical Translation Machine at Translating English to Indonesian Language ....... 126
Development of Social Security Card Case on Monitoring Malnutrition Patients in NTT Area ................. 130
Analysis of Indonesian News Document Classification Using Centroid Based Classifier Method ............ 133
Similarity Measurement in Digital Music File Base on Chroma-Based Representation ............................. 138
Design and Software Implementation for Wireless Automation in PLC Based Using Java Platform ......... 143
Caricari Game Design and Implementation as a Web Based Mini Game ................................................... 152
Hardware Description Language Comparison Systemc to Verilog Case Study: Least Common
Multiple ....................................................................................................................................................... 155

C. Communication System, Optics, Radar, and Applied Physics

Hanle Eeffect Modeling on Silicon Based Spintronic Semiconductor Devices .......................................... 160
PON Extender: Controlling System for GPON with optional EDFA .......................................................... 164
Bidirectional Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer (OADM) For CWDM PON System ..................................... 166
Building a Radar From The Scratch: ISRA LIPI Radar Experience ........................................................... 171
Simulation Of Sequentila Fast ADC For Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) Applications .......................... 181
Performance Analysis of MIMO-STBC System in HSDPA Over Fading Rayleigh Channel ..................... 186
The Performance Analysis of Combined Mud Decorrelator and PIC in DS-CDMA .................................. 194
Design of Yagi Antenna on Wireless Local Area Network 2,4 GHz .......................................................... 199
Analyzing Influence of Earth Station Antenna Pointing to Receiving Signal Parameter at Down Link
Power Budget .............................................................................................................................................. 203
Cooperative Signal Detection With Different Channel Fading ................................................................... 209
Design of Dispersion Shifted Fiber (DSF) to Increase The Performance of Optical Fiber
Communication System ............................................................................................................................... 214
Design and Realization Pulse Generator for Ground Penetrating Radar Application Using Timing
Switched Method ......................................................................................................................................... 221

International Conferece on Telecommunication 2009
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D. Data Mining, Applied Mathematics, Image Processing and ICT

Contens of Gold and Silver Estimation Using Ordinary Kriging Method (Case Study : PT Aneka
Tambang) ..................................................................................................................................................... 227
Scheduling Replacement of Hydraulic Pump Component Software Using Weibull Distribution (Case
Study : PT Inco, Tbk) .................................................................................................................................. 233
Space-Time Analysis of Product−Sum Semivariogram Model (Case Study : Oil Product) ........................ 238
Churn Prediction of Cellular Telecommunication Customer with Cost-Sensitive Learning Approach ...... 247
The Analysis and Application of Classification Methods for Software Development Non-Tulis
University Student Enrollment System (Case Study at IT Telkom) ............................................................ 252
3D Reconstruction Extraction and Equation of Calibration Parameters Using Simple Sckewed
Chessboard Pattern on Stereo Vision........................................................................................................... 258
Training Set with Enhancement TSVQ Method for Medical Image Based Super-Resolution .................... 264
Building an Indonesian Digital Forensic Laboratory ................................................................................... 268
The Effects of VAK Learning Style on Learning Outcomes in Powerpoint-Based Teaching ..................... 274
Cybercrime from Islamic Shariah Law Point of View ................................................................................ 281
Implementation of Particle System Using Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) for Simulating
Lava Flow .................................................................................................................................................... 284
Analysis and Design of E-procurement PT. Adhi Jaya ............................................................................... 290
Analysis of Propagation Channel Using Walfisch-Ikegami Model On Mobile Wimax System ................. 296
Performance Analysis Of Zigbee Protocol On Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) ........................ 304

International Conferece on Telecommunication 2009
PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF SCHEDULING ALGORITHM:
ROUND ROBIN (RR), WEIGHTED ROUND ROBIN (WRR) AND DEFICIT ROUND
ROBIN (DRR) ON WIMAX NETWORK WITH NS-2 SIMULATOR

Iman Hedi Santoso1, Rian Febrian Umbara2

1Faculty of Electric and Communication, Institut Teknologi Telkom
2Faculty of Science, Institut Teknologi Telkom
[e-mail], [e-mail]

Abstract

WIMAX offering us QoS-guaranteed at MAC level. In order to guarantee the QoS, base station (BS) has
to allocate bandwidth according to certain algorithm. IEEE 802.16 standard has defined QoS signalling
mechanism but not yet for the scheduling algorithm. This scheduling algorithm over WIMAX is opened,
giving opportunity to everyone creating inovation in this field. WIMAX network is a high speed network,
the simplicity of the scheduling algorithm become important to notice. Therefore, in this research three
simple scheduling, Round Robin (RR), Weighted Round Robin (WRR) and Deficit Round Robin (DRR)
will be analyzed and compared. The simulation shows that those scheduling can guarantee QoS
requirement for every service classes, but the DRR performance slightly below WRR. We should not use
RR scheduling, because every service class in WIMAX network have different QoS requirement.
Therefore, in WIMAX network, this research suggests using WRR instead of DRR or RR

Index TermsDRR, NS-2, WIMAX, WRR.

1. Introduction

WIMAX is an IEEE standard for supporting
Broadband Wireless Access. The main advantage
of WIMAX if compared with another access
network is its coverage and its sophisticated in
assuring QoS at MAC layer level. Broadband
Wireless Access (BWA) system is expected can
guarantee QoS for real-time application, such as:
video conference, video streaming, and voice over
IP (VoIP). Therefore, WIMAX support 5 service
type: Unsolicited Grant Services (UGS), real-time
Polling Service (rtPS), extended real-time Polling

Service (ertPS), non real-time Polling Service
Figure 2. Mesh Structure
(nrtPS), and Best Effort (BE). Each service type has

different QoS requirement.
One thing making WIMAX become different
IEEE 802.16 standard have defined 2 basic
from other access network is, it is a connection-
mode: point to multipoint (PMP) and mesh. In
oriented system. It means that an SS must register
mesh mode, each subscriber station (SS) will be
to BS before it can start to send or receive data.
able to communicate with other SS or BS. In PMP
During this registration process, an SS can
mode, SS is only allowed made communication
negotiate the initial QoS requirements with the BS.
through BS. The providers that connected users
These requirements can be changed later, and a
with internet backbone should use PMP mode
new connection may also be established on
because BS will be able to control every SS in
demand. The QoS requirements may be either per
order to fulfill the QoS requirement.
connection based (GPC) or per subscriber station

based (GPSS). GPSS mode is more scalable and
efficient as compared to GPC. It is also capable in
providing lower delay to real-time applications
because SS more intelligent in GPSS mode and can
react quickly to the needs of real-time applications.
This research using GPSS mode as well.
The basic approach in assuring QoS on
WiMAX network is that the BS does the scheduling

Figure 1. PMP Structure
International Conference on Telecommunication 2009
for both the uplink and downlink directions. The Section VI, we give the conclusion and future work
scheduling algorithm may be used for: of this research.
1. Translating the QoS requirements of SSs into
the appropriate number of slots. The algorithm 2. IEEE 802.16 – WIMAX Standard

can also account for the bandwidth request size
The IEEE 802.16 standard is released for the
that specifies size of the SS input buffer. When
first time on April 2002, and afterward after some
the BS makes a scheduling decision, it informs
revision on June 2004 the released standard is
all SSs about it by using the UL-MAP and DL-
named IEEE 802.16-2004. The next edition of this
MAP messages in the beginning of each frame.
standard is IEEE 802.16-e that released on
These special messages define explicitly slots
Desember 2005.
that are allocated to each SS in both the uplink
Physical layer of this standard operate at 10-
and downlink directions.
66 GHz (IEEE 802.16) and 2-11 GHz (IEEE
2. Allocating bandwidth, namely time slot, among
802.16a-e) with data rate 32 – 130 Mbps depend on
BS and SS queues.
the frequency channel and modulation technique.
The scheduling policy, i.e. an algorithm to
The making use of modulation technique
allocate bandwidth, is not defined in the WiMAX
depend on the distance between SS and BS, see fig.
specification, but rather is open for alternative
4. In short distance, an SS receive large enough
implementations.
signal power so it may use modulation technique
There are several articles on the WiMAX QoS
that support high bit rate (but less robust) like 64-
scheduling that have presented architectures and
QAM. If the distance grow farther and farther
scheduling disciplines to guarantee QoS. Several
away, the receiving signal become weaker, so then
research works [6, 18] propose complex schedulers
it should use more robust modulation technique
or even an hierarchy of schedulers, such as Earliest
although the resulting data rate is lower.
Deadline First (EDF), Deficit Round Robin (DRR)

[17], Weighted Fair Queueing (WFQ) [10], and
Worst-case Weighted Fair Queueing (W2FQ) [11]. Table 1.Modulation Technique

However, it is a challenging task to use an

hierarchy of schedulers because the per-connection
Modulation Useful bits in Raw bitrate, Ratio
QoS requirements should be translated into the Technique OFDM Symbol [Mbps]
scheduler configuration at each level. Furthermore, BPSK 1/2 96 2.82 9
QPSK 1/2 192 5.65 4.5
it is not enough to calculate the scheduler
QPSK 3/4 288 8.48 3
configuration only once when an SS joins or leaves
16-QAM 1/2 384 11.29 2.25
the network. As SSs send data, their request sizes 16-QAM 3/4 576 16.94 1.5
change all the time. As a result, the scheduler at the 64-QAM 2/3 768 22.59 1.125
BS should reassign slots. For exactly these reasons 64-QAM 3/4 864 25.41 1
we suggest to use one level with a simple
scheduling mechanism that is based conceptually
on the round-robin (RR) approach. A simpler
solution is better, because there is not much time to
do the scheduling decision. For instance, one of the
possible configuration values is 400 frames per
second [1]. Thus, the BS should make 400
scheduling decision per one second to achieve the
accurate and fair resource allocation.
Therefore, for WIMAX network this research
propose simple scheduling technique based on
round robin, IEEE 802.16: Round Robin,
Weighted Round Robin [12, 13]. dan Deficit

Round Robin [17].
Figure 3. Relationship Between Distance and
The rest of the paper is organized as follow. In
Modulation
Section II, we discuss the overview of IEEE 802.16

standard. Basic theory about scheduling algorithm
IEEE 802.16 architecture consist of two kinds
will be given in section III, especially for WRR and
of stations: Subscriber Station (SS) and Base
DRR. Furthermore, in Section IV, we explain the
Station (BS). The Base Station controls all of the
implementation of scheduling on NS-2. In Section
communication happened in network. There is 2
V we explain the simulation scenario to test the
communication direction between BS and SS:
performance of WRR and DRR on WIMAX
uplink (from SS to BS) and downlink (from BS to
network. The simulation result and discussion about
SS).
it, will be descibed in this section. Finally,in

International Conference on Telecommunication 2009
information element (IE) which include the
transmission opportunities, i.e. the time slots in
which the SS can transmit during the uplink
subframe. After receiving theUL-MAP,each SS will
transmit data in the predefined time slots as
indicated in IE.

Figure 4. Communication Direction

If we use TDM mode for transmission, a
frame consist of 2 section, uplink subframe and
downlink subframe (Fig. 6). The duration of those

subframes are defined dynamically by the BS. Each
Figure 6 QoS Signalling
subframe consists of a number of time slots. SS and

BS must be synchronized and the data transmitted
The BS uplink scheduling module determines
based on predetermined time slots.
the IEs using bandwidth request PDU (BW-request)
sent from SSs to BS (see fig. 8). In IEEE 802.16
standard, there are two modes of transmitting the
BW-Request: contention mode and contention-
free mode (polling). In contention mode, SSs send
BW-Request during the contention period.
Contention is resolved using back-off resolution. In
contention-free mode, BS polls each SS and SSs

reply by sending BW-request. Due to the
Figure 5. TDD Frame Structure
predictable signaling delay of the polling scheme,

contention-free mode is suitable for real time
In introduction have been said that, IEEE
applications. IEEE 802.16 defines the required QoS
802.16 support multiple communication services
signaling mechanisms described above such as
(data, audio, and video) with different QoS
BW-Request and UL-MAP, but it does not define
requirement. Figure 7 shows some parameter like:
the Uplink Scheduler, i.e. the mechanism that
reliability, delay, jitter , dan bandwidth
determines the IEs in the UL-MAP.
requirement, where all of those parameters are the
Recent IEEE 802.16 standard defines five
QoS requirement for sundry telecommunication
types of service flows with different QoS
application.
requirements and corresponding scheduler policy:

1. Unsolicited grant service (UGS), this service
Table 2. QoS Requirement
supports constant bit-rate (CBR) or CBR-like
for Telecommunication Applications [13]
flonws such as Voice over IP. These

applications require constant bandwidth
Application Reliability Delay Jitter Bandwidth allocation, therefore BW-request not required
E-mail High Low Low Low and scheduler allocates a fixed number of time
File Transfer High Low Low Medium
slots in each time frame.
Web Access High Medium Medium Medium
Remote Login High Medium High Low 2. Extended real-time Polling Service (ertPS),
Audio on Demand Low Low High Medium this service combine the superiority of UGS
Video on Demand Low Low High High
and rtPS and is made to support VoIP in silent-
Telephony Low High High Low
Videoconferencing Low High High High suppression mode. These applications require
BW-request with contention-free mode.
MAC layer in IEEE 802.16 have defined QoS 3. Real-time polling service (rtPS), this service
signalling function and mechanism to control data is for real-time VBR-like flows such as MPEG
transmission between BS and SS. On the downlink video. These applications have specific
(from BS to SS), the transmission is relatively bandwidth requirements as well as a deadline
simple because the BS is the only one that transmits (maximum delay). Late packets that miss the
during the downlink subframe. The data packets are deadline will be useless. So that, BW-request
broadcasted to all SSs and an SS only picks up the processes are needed in contention-free mode
packets destined to it. One of the modes of uplink only. The current queue size that represents the
arbitration (from SS to BS) uses a TDM MAC.The current bandwidth demand is included in the
BS determines the number of time slots that each BW-Request.
SS will be allowed to transmit in an uplink 4. Non-real-time polling service (nrtPS), this
subframe. This information is broadcasted by the
service is for non-real-time flows which
BS through the uplink map message (UL-MAP) at
require better than best effort service, e.g.
the beginning of each frame. UL-MAP contains
International Conference on Telecommunication 2009