Particle Physics and the Universe: Proceedings of the 9th Adriatic Meeting, Sept. 2003, Dubrovnik

482 Pages·2005·6.001 MB·English

by  Ernest Ma (auth.), Professor Josip Trampetić, Professor Julius Wess (eds.)

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Proceedingsofthe9thAdriaticMeeting,
Sept.2003,Dubrovnik
Editors:J.Trampetic´andJ.Wess
Homepage:springeronline.com
Volumes46–73arelistedattheendofthebook.
J. Trampetic´ J. Wess (Eds.)
Particle Physics
and the Universe
Proceedings of the 9th Adriatic Meeting,
Sept. 2003, Dubrovnik
123
ProfessorJosipTrampetic´ ProfessorJuliusWess
RudjerBoskovicInstitute SektionPhysik
TheoreticalPhysicsDivision derLudwig-Maximilians-Universita¨t
P.O.Box180 Theresienstr.37
10002Zagreb 80333Mu¨nchen
Croatia and
Max-Planck-Institutfu¨rPhysik
(Werner-Heisenberg-Institut)
Fo¨hringerRing6
80805Mu¨nchen
Germany
ISSN0930-8989
ISBN3-540-22803-9SpringerBerlinHeidelbergNewYork
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2004109784
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For Prof. Dubravko Tadi´c
31 October 1934–6 March 2003
VI
Dubravko Tadi´c was born in Zagreb, Croatia, and graduated from the
University of Zagreb with hisB.Sc.in 1958. Hecompleted hisPh.D.in 1961,
during the time of Vladimir Glaser and Borivoj Jakˇsi´c under the supervision
of Gaja Alaga. His thesis dealt with nuclear beta decay and the structure
of the weak interaction, interests which he continued to pursue thereafter as
a member of the Rudjer Boˇskovi´c Institute and later at the University of
Zagreb. He was a leader of a theory research group at the Rudjer Boˇskovi´c
Institute, and later became head of the theory division of the Faculty of
Sciences (PMF-Zagreb) at the University of Zagreb. He was honored for his
many contributions to physics by being elected as an extraordinary member
of the Yugoslav Academy of Sciences and Arts in 1981, and as a full member
of the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts in 1991.
ProfessorTadi´cwaswellknownininternationalcircles,havingspenttime
in Birmingham while Rudolf Peierels was present, and later at Brookhaven
National Laboratory. We met while Dubravko was at Brookhaven and we
started a lifelong collaboration and friendship. Among our papers was the
firstmajorreviewofparity-violatingnuclearinteractions,whichincorporated
the then newly-developed techniques of current algebra to study models of
the weak Hamiltonian.
Dubravko maintained a lifelong interest in nuclear physics, but moved
later in his career into elementary particle physics, particularly weak inter-
actions and quark models. His research was characterized by deep insight
and clarity of thought along with great attention to detail. By example he
served as a role model for a generation of younger physicists including the
Ph.D.studentshesupervisedinZagrebwhichincludeB.Eman,B.Guberina,
H.Gali´c,I.Picek,J.Trampeti´c,P.Coli´c,D.Horvat,A.Ilakovac,Z.Naranˇci´c,
S.Zˇganec,G.Omanovi´c,andB.Podobnik.Alongwithhisstudentsandother
collaboratorsheauthoredorcoauthored127publicationsinscientificjournals
whose impact on physics will be felt for many years to come.
Dubravkohadabroadrangeofinterestsoutsideofphysicswhichincluded
militaryhistoryandthehistoryofCroatia.Hewasanavidhikerandenjoyed
entertaininghisvisitorsonhikeswithdetailsoflocalhistory.Althoughserious
when working, he had a wonderful senseof humor when relaxing with family
and friends.
It is appropriate that we remember Dubravko Tadi´c in these Proceedings
becausehewasoneoftheprimeorganizersoftheAdriaticmeetings,andother
international events which have served to showcase the work of students and
youngerresearchersintheCentralEuropeanregion.Hewillbedeeplymissed
not only by his family and his lovely wife Gordana, but by the whole physics
community.
Ephraim Fischbach
West Lafayette, Indiana, April 2004
Preface
The Adriatic Meetings have traditionally been conferences on the most ad-
vanced status of science. They are one of the very few conferences in physics
aiming at a very broad participation of young and experienced researchers
with different backgrounds in particle physics.
Particle physics has grown into a highly multi-faceted discipline over the
sixtyyearsofitsexistence,mainlybecauseoftworeasons:Particlephysicsas
anexperimentalscienceisinneedoflarge-scalelaboratoryset-ups,involving
typically collaborations of several hundreds or even thousands of researchers
and technicians with the most diverse expertise.
This forces particle physics, being one of the most fundamental disci-
plines of physics, to maintain a constant interchange and contact with other
disciplines, notably solid-state physics and laser physics, cosmology and as-
trophysics, mathematical physics and mathematics.
Since the expertise necessary in doing research in particle physics has
becometremendouslydemandinginthelastyears,thefieldtendstoorganize
purelyexpertconferences,meetingsandsummerschools,suchasfordetector
development, for astroparticle physics or for string theory.
TheAdriaticMeetingthroughitsentirehistoryhasbeenaplaceforestab-
lishing exchange between theory and experiment. The 9th Adriatic Meeting
successfully continued this tradition and even intensified the cross-discipline
communication by establishing new contacts between the community of cos-
mologists and of particle physicists. The exchange between theorists and ex-
perimentalists was impressively intensive and will certainly have a lasting
effect on several research projects of the European and world-wide physics
community.
Asthetitleoftheconferencesuggests,cosmologyandastroparticlephysics
and their relation to particle physics was one of the main topics of the con-
ference. The reason for this choice is the overwhelming quality of the results
obtained in cosmology throughout the recent years.
Anotherreasonforintensifyingthecontactwithcosmologyisthatthelab-
oratory experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in CERN are due
to come into operation only in about four to five years from now. These ex-
periments are expected to deliver for the first time sound data about physics
beyond the Standard Model. It is quite unclear when or even whether there
VIII Preface
will be experiments going beyond the LHC energy scale, simply because of
the large financial and organizational problems for building such projects.
Thereforeparticlephysicsmaybeforcedtolookelsewhereforpotentialtests
ofitsmodels,andextraterrestrialsourcesaretheonlyconceivablealternative.
Onthetheoreticalside,thecurrentlyintensivelydiscussedtopicofLorentz
symmetry violation waspresentedasapotential window into quantum grav-
ity phenomenology. It was emphasized how stringently current astrophysical
results already constrain potential extensions of the Standard Model.
Neutrinophysicswasdiscussedasanewlydiscoveredhottopicduringthe
8th Adriatic Meeting. It has now firmly established its results obtained two
years ago.
Thereisacommongoalunderlyingtheoreticalresearchinparticlephysics–
aunifieddescriptionofallforcesinNature.Partoftheresearcheffortinthis
direction is known as Grand Unified Theories.
A crucial question in theoretical physics is the unification of quantum
field theory (as the basis of the Standard Model) and the theory of general
relativity (asthebasisfor thetheory of gravity). Themost prominent candi-
date for achieving this unification of two quite differently structured theories
is string theory. String field theory is an attempt to use quantum field the-
ory tools for solving string theory. The real excitement in the last two years
came from the theoretical proposal that our 3+1 dimensional world might
be a cosmic defect (brane-world) within higher-dimensional spacetime, with
Standard Model fields and gravity localized on such a brane. This proposal
also exhibits an exponential hierarchy of the Planck mass scale, an induced
de Sitter metric on the brane and a phenomenologically acceptable value of
the cosmological constant.
The concept of noncommutative spacetime has a long history, both in
mathematics and physics, but recently it attracted a lot of attention since it
wasshownthatnoncommutativityprovidesaneffectivedescriptionofphysics
of strings in an external background field. The research of the last few years
provides a solid mathematical basis for constructing gauge field theories on
noncommutative spacetime.
The Standard Model of electroweak and strong interactions has been in
place for nearly thirty years, but experimental tests of these theories today
havereachedalevelofprecisionthatpermitsglimpsesofphysicsbeyondthis
impressive structure. Such glimpses appear to be largely associated with the
yet-to-be discovered Higgs boson. A crucial theoretical input for any such
prediction are precision calculations in the theoretical models, even more,
precision calculations enter into the design of the experimental setup itself.
Experiments in the K and B sectors (mixings etc.) of meson physics are
achieving an impressive accuracy as well today and could yield cracks in
the Standard Model at any time. Theoretical predictions were presented for
possible new physics in this sector.
Preface IX
The weak and rare heavy quark decays together with CP violation are
studiedthroughtheenergy,forward-backwardandCPasymmetriesbyusing
methods like pQCD, QCD sum rules, relativistic quark models, QCD on the
lattice, etc.
We would like to thank young members of the Theory Division of the
Rudjer Boˇskovi´c Institute for their help during the Conference: A. Babi´c,
G.Duplanˇci´c,D.JurmanandK.Passek-Kumeriˇcki.Wewouldespeciallylike
to thank: L. Jonke, H. Nikoli´c and H. Sˇtefanˇci´c for a substantial help during
the organization of the Conference. We would also like to thank L. Jonke for
preparing this book of Proceedings.
Zagreb, Josip Trampeti´c
August 2004 Julius Wess