Pan-Africanism: A History

313 Pages·2018·3.78 MB·English

by  Hakim Adi

Pan-Africanism

Pan-Africanism
A History
Hakim Adi
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First published in Great Britain 2018
Copyright © Hakim Adi, 2018
Hakim Adi has asserted his right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act,
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Cover image: Work to Unify African People, mural by Nelson Stevens.
Photograph by James Prigoff and Robin Dunitz, from Walls of Heritage,
Walls of Pride: African American Murals
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CONTENTS
List of Figures vi
Abbreviations viii
Acknowledgements xiii
Introduction 1
1 The forerunners 7
2 Pan-Africanism and Garveyism 25
3 Du Bois and the Pan-African congresses 43
4 Pan-Africanism and communism 61
5 From Internationalisme Noir to Négritude 89
6 From Ethiopia to Manchester 107
7 Pan-Africanism returns home 129
8 Black Power 163
9 ‘African culture is revolutionary or it will not be’ 185
10 The road to a new African Union 207
Conclusion 221
Notes 225
Select bibliography 267
Index 287
LIST OF FIGURES
1 Edward Wilmot Blyden. Source: Library of Congress,
USA 80
2 London Pan-African Conference. Source: Daily Graphic,
July 1900. Courtesy of Marika Sherwood 81
3 First Pan-African Congress Paris 1919. Source: The Crisis,
May 1919 82
4 Second Pan-African Congress, Brussels, September 1921.
Source: the Mundaneum 82
5 W. E. B. Du Bois. Source: Library of Congress, USA 83
6 Marcus Garvey. Source: Library of Congress, USA 84
7 Jane Nardal. Source: Archives Nationale d’Outre Mer
[ANOM], Aix-en-Provence, France 85
8 Amy Ashwood Garvey and members of the Ethiopian
legation at an IAFE demonstration in London, 1935.
Source: Bettmann/Contributor/Getty Images 86
9 George Padmore. Source: courtesy of Marika
Sherwood 87
10 The 1945 Manchester Pan-African Congress. Source: John
Deakin/Picture Post/Getty Images 156
11 Kwame Nkrumah and Sékou Touré at the All-African
People’s Conference, 1958. Source: Phillip Harrington/
Alamy Stock Photo 157
LIST OF FIGURES vii
12 Eldridge Cleaver of the Black Panther Party meets Amilcar
Cabral, Algiers, 1969. Source: courtesy of the Eldridge
and Kathleen Cleaver Archive 158
13 Angela Davis, an icon of the Black Power era, shortly
after losing her academic post for membership of
the Communist Party. Source: Hulton Archive/Getty
Images 159
14 FESTAC, Nigeria 1977. Source: courtesy of Teslim
Omipidan 160
15 Delegates at the Seventh Pan-African Congress, Kampala
1994. Source: courtesy of Abdul Alkalimat 160
16 Queen Mother Audley Moore. Source: Schlesinger
Library, RIAS, Harvard University 161
17 Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma Chairperson of the African
Union Commission speaking at the 50th anniversary
celebration of the Pan-African Women’s Organisation,
2012. Source: UNESCO 162
ABBREVIATIONS
AATUF All-African Trade Union Federation
AADC African and African Descendants Caucus
ABB African Blood Brotherhood for African Liberation and
Redemption
ACS American Colonization Society
AEC African Economic Community
AERDA Association des Étudiants du Rassemblement Démocratique
Africain
ALSC Africa Liberation Support Committee
AME African Methodist Episcopal [Church]
AMEZ African Methodist Episcopal Zion [Church]
AMSAC American Society of African Culture
ANC African National Congress
ANLC American Negro Labor Congress
APU African Progress Union
ASA African Studies Association
ATOR African Times and Orient Review
AU African Union
AZAPO Azanian People’s Organisation
BET Black Experimental Theatre
BLF Black Liberation Front
BPM Black Panther Movement
BPP Black Panther Party for Self-Defence
BRP Black Renaissance Project
BUFP Black Unity and Freedom Party
ABBREVIATIONS ix
BWP Black Workers’ Project
CAA Council on African Affairs
CAO Committee of African Organisations
CDRN Comité de Défense de la Race Nègre
CGT Confédération Générale du Travail
CGTU Confédération Générale du Travail Unitaire
CI Communist International
CIA Central Intelligence Agency
CIO Congress of Industrial Organizations
COPAI Congress of Peoples Against Imperialism
CORAC Council on Race and Caste in World Affairs
CPGB Communist Party of Great Britain
CPP Convention People’s Party
CPSA Communist Party of South Africa
CPUSA Communist Party of the United States of America
ÉTA Étoile Nord Africaine
ERC Ethiopian Research Council
EWF Ethiopian World Federation
FEANF Fédération des Etudiants Noire en France
FESTAC World Black and African Festival of Arts and Culture
FLN Fronte de Libération Nationale
FRELIMO Frente de Libertação de Moçambique
GCARPS Gold Coast Aborigines Rights Protection Society
GEP Group of Eminent Persons
IAFA/IAFE International African Friends of Abyssinia/International
African Friends of Ethiopia
IASB International African Service Bureau
ICDEP International Committee for the Defence of the Ethiopian
People
ICFTU International Confederation of Free Trade Unions