Oxygen Radicals in Biological Systems Part B: Oxygen Radicals and Antioxidants PDF
Preview Oxygen Radicals in Biological Systems Part B: Oxygen Radicals and Antioxidants
Methods in Enzymology Volume 186 Oqgen Radicals in Biological Systems Part B Oxygen Radicals and Antioxidants EDITED BY Lester Packer Alexander N. Glazer DEPARTMENT OF MOLECULAR AND CELL BIOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA Editorial Advisory Board Bruce Ames Rolf J. Mehlhom Anthony Diplock William Pryor Lars Emster Helmut Sies Irwin Fridovich Trevor F. Slater ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers San Diego New York Boston London Sydney Tokyo Toronto Contributors to Volume 186 elcitrA srebmun era ni sesehtnerap gniwollof the names of .srotubirtnoc Affiliations listed era .tnerruc BONG-WHAN AHN (49), Department of Bio- JOSEPH N. BENOIT (80), Department of chemistry, Chonnam National University Physiology and Biophysics, Louisiana Medical College, Kwangju, Republic of State University Medical Center, Shreve- Korea port, Louisiana 03117 KAZUAKI AKASAKA (13), Department of J. BEREITER-HAHN (79), lnstitut far Kine- Food Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, matische Zellforschung, Fachbereich Tohoku University, Sendai, 189 Japan Biologie, Johann Wolfgang Goethe -nU BRUCE N. AMES (31, 38, 54), Division of iversitiit, 6000 Frankfurt am Main ,07 Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal Republic of Germany University of California, Berkeley, Berke- M. BERGER (52), Laboratoires de Chimie, ley, California 02749 D~partement de Recherche Fondamen- ADOLFO AMICI (49), Istituto di Biochimica, tale, Centre d'Etudes Nucldaires, 85X, Facolta di Medicina e Chirurgia, Univer- 14083-F Grenoble Cedex, France sita de Ancona, 60100 Ancona, Italy WAYNE F. BEYER, JR. (23), Department of G. A. S. ANSARI (45), Department of Hu- Biochemistry, Duke University Medical man Biological Chemistry and Genetics, Center, Durham, North Carolina 01772 University of Texas Medical Branch, BENON H. J. BIELSKI (4, 5, 6), Department Galveston, Texas 05577 of Chemistry, Brookhaven National Lab- F. S. ARCHIBALD (22), Biological Chemistry oratory, Upton, New York 37911 Section, Pulp and Paper Research Insti- H. CHA1M BIRNBOIM (57), Ottawa Regional tute of Canada, Pointe Claire, Quebec, Cancer Center and Departments of Bio- HgR 3J9 Canada chemistry and Microbiology~Immunol- KLAUS-DIETER ASMUS (15), Hahn-Meitner ogy, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, -nO Institut Berlin, Bereich S, Abteilung tario, K1H 6,_18 Canada Strahlenchemie, D-IO00 Berlin ,93 Fed- eral Republic of Germany ROaERT C. BLAKE II (27), Department of Biochembtry, Meharry Medical College, STEVEN D. AUST (48), Biotechnology Cen- Nashville, Tennessee 80273 ter, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 22348 WOLF BORS (36), Institatfiir Strahlenbiolo- CHARLES F. BABBS (11), ehT William A. Hil- gie, GSF Research Center, D-8042 lenbrand Biomedical Engineering Center, Neuherberg, Federal Republic of Ger- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indi- many ana 47907 JEFF A. BOYD (29), Laboratory of Molecu- RUMYANA A. BAKALOVA (37), Institute of lar Carcinogenesis, National Institute of Physiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sci- Environmental Health Sciences, Re- ences, Sofia 113, Bulgaria search Triangle Park, North Carolina GionGio BELLOMO (66), Dipartimento di 90772 Medicina Interne e Terapia Medica, GARRY R. BUETTNER (8, 9), ESR Center, Clinica Medica ,1 University of Pavia, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 00172 Pavia, Italy Iowa City, Iowa 24225 xiii xiv CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 186 YROGERG B. BULKLEY (78), Department of C. ZORRACED (52), Rhone-M~rieux Labora- Surgery, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, toires 1FFA, F-69007, Lyon, France Baltimore, Maryland 50212 TREBREH ED GROOT (46), Klinische For- PAUEA BURCH (67), Department of Cell Bi- schergrappe Leberschiidigung, Institut ology, Baylor School of Medicine, Hous- far Physiologische Chemie und Abteilung ton, Texas 15277 fiir Gastroenterologie, Heinrich-Heine- DNOMYAR F. BURK (84), Division of Gastro- Universitiit Diisseldorf, D-4000 Diissel- enterology, Department of Medicine and dorf ,1 Federal Republic of Germany Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vander- MIRAL ULGORADZID (55), Center for Chem- bilt University School of Medicine, Nash- ical Technology, National Institute of ville, Tennessee 23273 Standards and Technology, Gaithers- ERODOEHT J. BURKEY (72), Department of burg, Maryland 99802 Chemistry, Memphis State University, H. H. DRAPER (43), Department of Nutri- Memphis, Tennessee 25183 tional Sciences, University of Guelph, ENAID E. CABELLI (6), Department of Guelph, Ontario, NIG 2WI Canada Chemistry, Brookhaven National Labora- DRAWDE A. DRATZ (40, 41), Department of tory, Upton, New York 37911 Chemistry, Montana State University, EUQIRNE CADENAS (16, 30), Institute for Bozeman, Montana 59717 Toxicology, University of Southern Cali- DAVID A. EASTMOND (61), Environmental fornia, Los Angeles, California 33009 Toxicology Graduate Program, Univer- J. CADET (52), Laboratoires de Chimie, D~- sity of California, Riverside, Riverside, partement de Recherche Fondamentale, California 12529 Centre d'Etudes Nucldaires, 85X, F- DIRGNI EMERIT (58), Laboratoire de Geneti- 14083 Grenoble Cedex, France que, Institut Biomedical des Cordeliers, KEVIN H. CHEESEMAN (42), Department Universite Paris VI and CNRS, 75006 Biochemistry, Brunel University, Ux- Paris, France bridge, Middlesex, UB8-3PH, England LARS RETSNRE (16, 30), Department of Bio- DANIEL F. HCRUHC (72), Biodynamics Insti- chemistry, University of Stockholm, tute, Louisiana State University, Baton S-106 ,19 Stockholm, Sweden Rouge, Louisiana 30807 NNAMREH ESTERBAUER (42), Institute of LEBASI CLIMENT (49), Laboratory of Bio- Biochemistry, University of Graz, A-8010 chemistry, National Heart, Lung, and Graz, Austria Blood Institute, National Institutes of RECNEPS B. FARR (68), Laboratory of Toxi- Health, Bethesda, Maryland 29802 cology, Harvard University, Boston, MINOR J. NOOC (27, 28), Department of Bio- Massachusetts 51120 logical Chemistry, University of Michigan PETER W. F. FISCHER (21), Nutrition Re- Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan search Division, Health and Welfare 90184 Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 2LO KENNETH C. CUNDY (54), Sterling Re- Canada search Group, Great Valley Corporate E. N. FRANKEL (39), Department of Food Center, Great Valley, Pennsylvania 55391 Science and Technology, University of JOHN T. CURNUTTE (59), Department of California, Davis, Davis, California 61659 Molecular and Experimental Medicine, BALZ FRE! (38), Division of Biochemistry Research Institute of Scripps Clinic, La and Molecular Biology, University of Cal- Jolla, California 92037 ifornia, Berkeley, Berkeley, California KELVIN J. A. DAVIES (51), Department of 02749 Biochemistry and Institute for Toxicol- IRWIN HCIVODIRF (23), Department of Bio- ogy, University of Southern California, chemistry, Duke University Medical Cen- Los Angeles, California 33009 ter, Durham, North Carolina 27710 CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 186 XV WILLIAM H. FPdST (81), Department of Car- BARRY HALLIWELL (1), Department of diac and Thoracic Surgery, Vander- Medical Biochemistry, King's College, bilt University, Nashville, Tennessee University of London, London WC2R 23273 2LS, England JORGEN FUCHS (17, 73, 79), Zentrum der DRAWOH J. HALPERN (64), Department of Dermatologie und Venerologie, Abteilung Radiation Oncology, University of Chi- II, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang cago School of Medicine, Chicago, Illi- Goethe Universitiit, 6000 Frankfurt am nois 60637 Main ,07 Federal Republic of Ger- PHILIP E. NAMTRAH (32), Department of Bi- many ology, The Johns Hopkins University, EWA GAJEWSKI (55), Center for Chemical Baltimore, Maryland 21218 Technology, National Institute of Stan- YERFFEJ J. HAYES (56), Department of dards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins Univer- Maryland 20899 sity, Baltimore, Maryland 21218 DONITA GARLAND (49), Laboratory of WERNER HEELER (36), Institut fiir Bio- Mechanisms of Ocular Diseases, Na- chemische Pflanzenpathologie, GSF Re- tional Eye Institute, National Institutes of search Center, D-8042 Neuherberg, Fed- Health, Bethesda, Maryland 29802 eral Republic of Germany SOLRAC J. GIMENO (54), Division of Bio- SEMAJ S. NOSREDNEH (76), Department of chemistry and Molecular Biology, Uni- Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Univer- versity of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, sity of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, California 02749 R3E 3WO Canada REDNAXELA N. GLAZER (14, 31), Division KRISTINA E. HILL (84), Division of Gastro- of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, enterology, Department of Medicine and Department of Molecular and Cell Biol- Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vander- ogy, University of California, Berkeley, bih University, Nashville, Tennessee Berkeley, California 02749 23273 O. NILE GRANGER (80), Department of PAUL NIETSHCOH (30), Institute of Toxicol- Physiology and Biophysics, Louisiana ogy, University of Southern California, State University Medical Center, Shreve- Los Angeles, California 33009 port, Louisiana 03117 HELEN HUGHES (75), Center for Experimen- OLRAC NILOGERG (47), Department of Bio- tal Therapeutics and Section on Hyper- logical Chemistry, University of Padova, tension~Clinical Pharmacology, Baylor 12153 Padova, Italy College of Medicine, Houston, Texas WEHTTAM B. MAHSIRG (80), Department of 03077 Physiology and Biophysics, Louisiana ROLF D. ISSELS (77), lnstitut fiir Klinische State University Medical Center, Shreve- Haematologie and Medizinische Klinik port, Louisiana 03117 II1, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig-Max- JOHN M. C. GUTTERIDGE (1), Division of imilians-Univeristiit, D-8000 Miinchen Chemistry, National Institute for Biologi- ,07 Federal Republic of Germany cal Standards and Control, Potters Bar, TUMTRAH EKHCSEAJ (75, 83), Center for Ex- Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, England perimental Therapeutics and Section on M. HADLEY (43), Department of Food and Hypertension~Clinical Pharmacology, Nutrition, College of Home Economics, Department of Medicine and Pharmacol- North Dakota State University, Fargo, ogy, Baylor College of Medicine, Hous- North Dakota 50185 ton, Texas 03077 TREBOR D. HALL (10), Development Divi- NAIRELAV E. KAGAN (37), Institute of Phys- sion, S YVA Company, PaiD Alto, Califor- iology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, nia 30349 Sofia 113, Bulgaria xvi CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 186 B. NAMARANAYLAK (35), Department of MATILDE ONIROIAM (47), Department of -iB Radiology, National Biomedical ESR ological Chemistry, University of Pa- Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, dora, 12153 Padova, Italy Milwaukee, Wisconsin 62235 STEFAN L. DNOLKRAM (25), Department of ECNARUAL MAK (56), University of Penn- Clinical Chemistry, Umed University sylvania, School of Medicine, Philadel- Hospital, S-90185 ,t?emU Sweden phia, Pennsylvania 40191 HPESOJ P. MARTIN, JR. (19, 67), Bioprocess SEMAJ P. KEHRER (65), Department of Research and Development, ehT Upjohn Pharmacology and Toxicology, College Company, Kalamazoo, Michigan 10094 of Pharmacy, ehT University of Texas at Z. MASKOS (12), Biodynamics Institute, Austin, Austin, Texas 21787 Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, L1 HAN KIM (50), Department of Chemis- Louisiana 30807 try, Baijae University, Taejon, Republic DLANOR P. MASON (9, 33), Laboratory of of Korea Molecular Biophysics, National Institute AWHGNAK KIM (50), Department of Food of Environmental Health Sciences, Re- and Nutrition, College of Natural Sci- search Triangle Park, North Carolina ence, Chonnam National University, 90772 Gwangju, ,50-005 Republic of Korea LAURA A. MAYO (59), Department of Inter- W. H. KOPPENOL (12), Biodynamics Insti- laH Medicine, University of Michigan tute, and Departments of Chemistry Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan and Biochemistry, Louisiana State Uni- 90184 versity, Baton Rouge, Louisiana YNOTNA F. McDONAGH (31), Department 30807 of Medicine, and the Liver Center, Uni- DRAHCIR J. KULMACZ (44), Department of versity of California, San Francisco, San Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Francisco, California 34149 Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 21606 IHSOR1H ORUGEM (i 3), Department of Food MARY R. L'ABBI~ (21), Nutrition Research Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, -oT Division, Health and Welfare Canada, hoku University, Sendai, 189 Japan Ottawa, Ontario, KIA 2LO Canada ROLE J. NROHLHEM (17, 73), Applied Sci- WILLIAM E. M. LANDS (44), Department of ence Division, Lawrence Berkeley Labo- Biochemistry, University of Illinois at ratory, Berkeley, California 02749 Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 21606 WALTER H. MERRILL (81), Department of NAHTANOJ A. LEFF (69), Webb-Waring Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Vander- Lung Institute and the University of -oloC hilt University, Nashville, Tennessee rado Health Sciences Center, Denver, 04273 Colorado 26208 CHRISTA MICHEL (36), Institute fiir ANKE-G. LENZ (49), Inhalation Project/Bio- Strahlenbiologie, GSF Research Center, chemistry Group, Gesellschaft fiir 2408-D Neuherberg, Federal Republic of Strahlen-und Umweltforschung, 2408-D Germany Neuherberg, Federal Republic of Ger- SINNED M. MILLER (48), Department of En- many vironmental Health, University of Wash- YENDOR L. LEVINE (49), Laboratory of Bio- ington, Seattle, Washington 59189 chemistry, National Heart, Lung, and SEMAJ F. MILLER, JR. (44), Department of Blood Institute, National Institutes of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Health, Bethesda, Maryland 29802 Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 21606 ANITSIRHC LIND (30), Department of Bio- YRREJ R. MITCHELL (75, 83), ehT Upjohn chemistry, University of Stockholm, Company, Kalamazoo, Michigan, and S-106 19 Stockholm, Sweden Center for Experimental Therapeutics CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 681 xvii and Section on Hypertension~Clinical RETSEL REKCAP (17, 73, 79), Department of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Baylor College of Medicine and Physiol- California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California ogy, Houston, Texas 03077 02749 ARDNASSELA MOCALI (18), lstituto di Pato- OCSECNARF ITTELOAP (18), lstituto di Pato- logia Generale, ~,tisrevinU degli Studi di logia Generale, Universitd degli Studi di Firenze, 50134 Florence, Italy Firenze, 50134 Florence, Italy KENNETH D. SERKNUM (24), Laboratory of JEEN-Woo PARK (54), Division of Biochem- Molecular Biology and Department of istry and Molecular Biology, University of Genetics, ehT University of Wisconsin, California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California Madison, Wisconsin 60735 02749 LEAHCIM E. MURPHY (63), Institutfiir Phy- TREBOR B. NOTELDNEP (44), Department of siologische Chemie ,1 Heinrich-Heine Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Universitiit Diisseldorf, 4000 Diisseldorf Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 21606 ,1 Federal Republic of Germany WILLIAM A. ROYAP (72), Biodynamics Insti- ONRA NAGELE (77), Medizinische Klinik ,111 tute, Louisiana State University, Baton Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maxi- Rouge, Louisiana 30807 milians-Universitiit, D-8000 Miinchen ,07 D. N. ANHSIRKAMAR OAR (33), Laboratory Federal Republic of Germany of Molecular Biophysics, National Insti- MINORU NAKANO (20, 34, 62), College of tute of Environmental Health Sciences, Medical Care and Technology, Gunma Research Triangle Park, North Carolina University, Maebashi-shi, Gunma 371, 90772 Japan JOHN E. REPINE (69), Webb-Waring Lung W. E. NEFF (39), Northern Regional Re- Institute and the University of Colorado search Center, Agricultural Research Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colo- Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, rado 26208 Peoria, Illinois 40616 SUE OOG RHEE (50), Laboratory of Bio- OUSTE NIKI (3, 34), Faculty of Engineering, chemistry, National Heart, Lung, and Department of Reaction Chemistry, Uni- Blood Institute, National Institutes of versity of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo 113, Health, Bethesda, Maryland 29802 Japan GERALD M. ROSEN (64), Department of GERALD D. MOLRDRON (27), Pharmaceuti- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Univer- cal Research Division, Warner Lambert- sity of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Parke Davis, Ann Arbor, Michigan 50184 Baltimore, Maryland 10212 IHSORIH OHRUI (13), Department of Food ATREBLA I. Ross (5), Radiation Chemistry Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, -oT Data Center, Radiation Laboratory, Uni- hoku University, Sendai, 189 Japan versity of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indi- AIHTNYC N. OLIVER (49, 60), Laboratory of ana 65564 Biochemistry, National Heart, Lung, and J. D. RUSH (12), Biodynamics Institute, Blood Institute, National Institutes of Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Health, Bethesda, Maryland 29802 Louisiana 30807 STEN ORRENIUS (66), Department of -ixoT VICTOR M. NYZSYKOMAS (48), School of cology, Karolinska lnstitutet, S104-01 Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceuti- Stockholm, Sweden cal Chemistry, University of California, TREROR E. PACIFICl (51), Department of San Francisco, San Francisco, California Biochemistry and Institute for Technol- 34149 ogy, University of Southern California, DERFNAM NARAS (36), lnstitutfiir Strahlen- Los Angeles, California 33009 biologie, GSF Research Center, 2408-D xviii CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 186 Neuherberg, Federal Republic of Ger- Blood Institute, National Institutes of many Health, Bethesda, Maryland 29802 K. M. SCHAICH (7), Department of Food ASSILEM GALE STEINER (IlL ehT William Science, Cook College, Rutgers Univer- A. Hillenbrand Biomedical Engineering sity, New Brunswick, New Jersey 30980 Center, Purdue University, West Lafay- HEINZ-PETER SCHUCHMANN (53), Max- ette, Indiana 47907 Planck-lnstitut fiir Strahlenchemie, TREBOR J. SNEHPETS (40, 41), Cell Biology 0334-D Miilheim an der Ruhr ,1 Federal Program, Life Sciences Division, SR1 In- Republic of Germany ternational, Menlo Park, California 52049 ELENA E. SERBINOVA (37), Institute of JAMES R. STEWART (81), Department of Physiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sci- Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Vander- ences, Sofia 113, Bulgaria bilt University, Nashville, Tennessee SHMUEL SHALTIEL (49), Department of 23273 Chemical Immunology, ehT Weizmann DNALOR REKCOTS (31), The Heart Research Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100 Is- Institute, Camperdown, New South rael Wales 2050, Australia MARK SHIGENAGA (54), Division of Bio- OKNAST S. VEHCTYOTS (37), Institute of chemistry and Molecular Biology, Uni- Physiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sci- versity of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, ences, Sofia 113, Bulgaria California 02749 SATOSm SUMIDA (17), Department of HELMUT SIES (63), Institut fiir Physiolog- Sports and Sciences, Osaka Gakuin Uni- ische Chemie I, Heinrich-Heine Universi- versity, Suita, Osaka 564, Japan tiit Diisseldorf, 4000 Di~sseldorf ,1 Fed- CRAM S. NAMSSUS (78), Department of Sur- eral Republic of Germany gery, ehT Johns Hopkins Hospital, Balti- LEAHCIM G. SIMIC (2), Center for Radiation more, Maryland 50212 Research, National Institute for Stan- LANCE S. ADARET (69), Webb-Waring Lung dards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Institute and the University of Colorado Maryland 99802 Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colo- AJIT S1NGH (76), Radiation Applications rado 26208 Research Branch, Atomic Energy of Can- DAVID W. THOMAS (40, 41), Cell Biology ada Ltd, Whiteshell Nuclear Research Program, Life Sciences Division, SRI Establishment, Pinawa, Manitoba, EOR International, Menlo Park, California OL1 Canada 52049 TNAWRAH HGN1S (76), Radiation Applica- SIDROJI-I THOR (66), Department of -locixoT tions Research Branch, Atomic Energy of ogy, Karolinska lnstitutet, 10-401S Stock- Canada Ltd, Whiteshell Nuclear Re- holm, Sweden search Establishment, Pinawa, Mani- T. THORICH (79), Zentrum der Biologischen toba, EOR OLI Canada Chemie, Zentrum der Johann Wolfgang LELAND L. SMITH (45), Department of Hu- Goethe Universitgit, 6000 Frankfurt am man Biological Chemistry and Genetics, Main ,07 Federal Republic of Germany University of Texas Medical School, DANIELE TOUATI (68), Genetique et Mem- Galveston, Texas 05577 branes, lnstitut Jacques Monod, NYTRAM T. SMITH (61), School of Public C.N.R.S., Paris VII, 15257 Paris Cedex Health, University of California, Berke- ,50 France ley, Berkeley, California 02749 SAMOHT D. TULLIUS (56), Department of EARL R. NAMTDATS (49, 50), Laboratory of Chemistry, ehT Johns Hopkins Univer- Biochemistry, National Heart, Lung, and sity, Baltimore, Maryland 81212 CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 186 xix FOLVIO URSINI (47), Department of Biologi- RONALD E. WHITE (27), Department of cal Chemistry, University of Padova, Drug Metabolism, Squibb Institute for 12153 Padova, Italy Medical Research, Princeton, New Jer- sey 34580 KCIREDERF J. G. M. NAV KUIJK (40, 41), Department of Chemistry, Montana State G. MELVILLE WILLIAMS (82), Department University, Bozeman, Montana 59717 of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins Univer- J. E. NAV LIER (52), MRC Group in Radia- sity, School of Medicine, Baltimore, tion Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Maryland 50212 Sherbrooke, Quebec, JIH 5N4 Canada ENITSIRHC C. NRUOBRETNIW (26), Depart- ALFIN D. N. SAV (28), Department of Bio- ment of Pathology, School of Medicine, logical Chemistry, University of Michigan Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan New Zealand 90184 ORIHIROY OTOMAMAY (38), Department of SNEMELC NOV SONNTAG (53), Max-Planck- Reaction Chemistry, Faculty of Engineer- lnstitut fiir Strahlenchemie, D-4330 ing, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo- Miilheim an der Ruhr ,1 Federal Republic ku, Tokyo 113, Japan of Germany UZAKIHSOT AWAKIHSOY (70, 71), First De- J. R. WAGNER (52), Department of Bio- partment of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural chemistry, University of California, University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 02749 Kyoto 602, Japan D. REDELSIEW (39), Northern Regional Re- D. M. ZIEGLER (65), Department of Chemis- search Center, Agricultural Research try, Clayton Foundation Biochemical In- Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, stitute, The University of Texas at Austin, Peoria, Illinois 40616 Austin, Texas 21787 THCERBLA WENDEL (74), Faculty of Biol- G. ZIMMER (79), Zentrum der Biologischen ogy, Department of Biochemical Pharma- Chemie, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang cology, University of Konstanz, D-7750 Goethe Universitdt, 6000 Frankfurt am Konstanz, Federal Republic of Germany Main ,07 Federal Republic of Germany Preface Interest in oxygen radicals continues to grow with the accumulation of evidence that oxygen-derived free radicals play a role in a wide variety of pathological conditions such as atherosclerosis, emphysema, ischemia, radiation injury, and cancer and may be important in the aging process. On the positive side, reactive oxygen species produced by leukocytes contribute to the killing of microbes. The contributions to this volume describe methods for the generation and determination of various radical species and for the study of the products of their attack on proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. A number of the articles deals with the assessment of free radical-mediated ischemia and reperfusion-associated tissue damage. Fundamental studies of free radical damage on tissues, isolated organs, and whole organisms are es- sential for the design of protective and therapeutic medical intervention. The methods used for the assessment of free radical damage in com- plex systems need to be applied with caution and appreciation for poten- tial pitfalls. Where roles in pathogenesis are ascribed to free radicals, it is important to ascertain whether such roles are primary or secondary. We are indebted to Drs. B. Halliwell and J. Gutteridge for the opening contri- bution to this volume which provides a critical assessment of these basic questions. We extend grateful appreciation to the advisory board members, Bruce Ames, Anthony Diplock, Lars Ernster, Irwin Fridovich, Rolf Mehlhorn, William Pryor, Helmut Sies, and Trevor Slater, who provided much valuable advice and contributions. LESTER PACKER ALEXANDER N. GLAZER xxi METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY VOLUME I. Preparation and Assay of Enzymes Edited by SIDNEY P. COLOWICK DNA NATHAN O. KAPLAN VOLUME II. Preparation and Assay of Enzymes Edited by SIDNEY P. COLOWICK DNA NATHAN O. KAPLAN VOLUME III. Preparation and Assay of Substrates Edited by SIDNEY P. COLOWICK DNA NATHAN O. KAPLAN VOLUME IV. Special Techniques for the Enzymologist Edited by SIDNEY P. COLOWICK DNA NATHAN O. KAPLAN VOLUME V. Preparation and Assay of Enzymes Edited by SIDNEY P. ¢~CIWOLOC DNA NATHAN O. KAPLAN VOLUME VI. Preparation and Assay of Enzymes )deunitnoC( Preparation and Assay of Substrates Special Techniques Edited by SIDNEY P. COLOWICK DNA NATHAN O. KAPLAN VOLUME VII. Cumulative Subject Index Edited by SIDNEY P. COLOWICK DNA NATHAN O. KAPLAN VOLUME VIII. Complex Carbohydrates Edited by ELIZABETH F. NEUFELD DNA GINSBUR6 VICTOR VOLUME IX. Carbohydrate Metabolism Edited by WILLIS A. Wooo VOLUME X. Oxidation and Phosphorylation Edited by RONALD W. KOORBATSE DNA MAYNARD E. NAMLLUP VOLUME XI. Enzyme Structure Edited by C. H. W. HIRS VOLUME XII. Nucleic Acids (Parts A and B) Edited by LAWRENCE NAMSSORG DNA KIVIE EVADLOM xxiii
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