Otology, Neurotology, and Lateral Skull Base Surgery: An Illustrated Handbook PDF
Preview Otology, Neurotology, and Lateral Skull Base Surgery: An Illustrated Handbook
Oliver F. Ad1111lca Craig A. Bt1cl11na11 With a Temporal Bone Dissection Guide by Fred F. Telischi and Craig A. Buchman Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Datt1 Adunka, Oliver F. Otology, neurotology, and lateral skull base surgery: an illustrated handbook/Oliver F. Adunka, Craig A. Buchman. p.; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-3-13-14502 1 -0 (hardback) 1 . Otology-Handbooks, manuals, etc. 2. Ear-Innervation-Handbooks, manuals, etc. 3. Temporal bone-Surgery-Handbooks, manuals, etc. 4. Skull base-Surgery-Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Buchman, Craig A. II. Title. [DNLM: 1 . Otologic Surgical Procedures-methods. 2. Craniotomy-methods. 3. Ear-surgery. 4. Skull Base-surgery. WV 200 A244o 20 1 1 ] RF130.A38 201 1 617.8'059-dc22 201 0023089 Color plates by Katja Dalkowski, MD, Buckenhof, Germany © 20 1 1 Georg Thie1ne Verlag, Ri.idigerstrasse 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany http://www.thieme.de Thieme New York, 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 1 0001, USA http://www.thieme.com Cover Design: Thieme Publishing Group Typesetting: Maryland Composition, Maryland, USA Printed by Everbest Printing Co., Yau Tong Kowloon, Hong Kong ISBN 978 3 1 3 145021 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Important note: Medicine is an ever-changing science undergoing continual development. Research and clinical experience are continually expanding our knowledge, in particular our knowledge of proper treatment and drug therapy. Insofar as this book mentions any dosage or application, readers may rest assured that the authors, editors, and publishers have 1nade every effort to ensure that such references are in accordance with the state of knowledge at the time of production of the book. Nevertheless, this does not involve, imply, or express any guarantee or responsibility on the part of the publishers in respect to any dosage instructions and forms of applications stated in the book. Every user is requested to examine carefully the manufacturers' leaflets accompanying each drug and to check, if necessary in consultation with a physician or specialist, whether the dosage schedules mentioned therein or the contraindications stated by the manufacturers differ from the statements made in the present book. Contents Contributors Foreword Preface Acknowledgments and Biography List of Abbreviations 1 History of Otology 2 Basic Principles Anatomy of the Temporal Bone and Adjacent Structures Overview of Temporal Bone Anatomy Anatomy of the External Ear and Eustachian Tube Anatomy of the Middle Ear Anatomy of the Inner Ear Anatomy of the Internal Auditory Canal, Jugular F oramen, and Petrous Apex Central Auditory and Vestibular Pathways Physiology Physiology of the Auditory System Physiology of the External Ear Physiology of the Middle Ear Auditory Physiology of the Inner Ear Central Auditory Pathways Physiology of the Vestibular System Balance Physiology of the Inner Ear Central Vestibular Processing Peripheral Nerves, CNS, and CSF Physiology of Peripheral Nerves Central Nervous System/CSF 3 Otologic and Neurotologic Diagnostics and Tests Physical Examination General Otologic/Neurotologic Physical Examination The Neurotologic Cranial Nerve Examination Evaluation of Hearing Clinical Evaluation Behavioral Testing Obj ective Audio1netry Assessment of Middle Ear Function Otoacoustic Emissions Auditory Brainste1n Response Other Auditory Evoked Potentials: Electrocochleography, Auditory Steady-State Responses, and Cortical Potentials Evaluation of the Balance System Clinical Evaluation Basic Principles DIX-Hallpike Test Objective Balance Testing El ectrony stagm ography Co1nputerized Platfor1n Posturography Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials Evaluation of the Facial Nerve Clinical Evaluation of the Facial Nerve Objective Testing of the Facial Nerve Imaging of the Temporal Bone Conventional Radiography Computed Tomograpl1y Magnetic Resonance Imaging Conventional MRI Magnetic Resonance Angiography and Venography Other hnaging Procedures Digital Subtraction Angiography Nuclear Medicine 4 Disease-Specific Diagnostics and Medical Management External Ear Congenital Malformations of the External Ear Acute Infections of the External Ear Chronic Infections of the External Auditory Canal Benign Tumors of the External Auditory Canal Malignant Neoplasms of the External Ear Middle Ear Malfonnations of the Middle Ear and External Auditory Canal Acute Otitis Media and Otitis Media with Effusion Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (Chronically Draining Ear) Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media without Cholesteatoma, Adhesive Otitis Media, and Granulo1natous Middle Ear Disease Cholesteatoma Complications of Otitis Media Temporal Bone Encephalocele Neoplas1ns of the Middle Ear Benign Neoplasms of the Middle Ear Malignant Neoplasms of the Middle Ear Otoscl erosi s Inner Ear Sensorineural Hearing Loss Congenital Sensorineural Hearing Impairment Early-Acquired Hearing Loss and Auditory Neuropathy Occupational and Noise-Induced Hearing Loss and Ototoxicity Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss and Presbyacusis Autoimmune Hearing Loss and Perilymphatic Fistula Tinnitus and Hyperacusis Disorders of the Vestibular System Vestibular Neuronitis Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo Other Causes of Balance Disturbance Meniere Disease Medial Temporal Bone Internal At1ditory Canal and Cerebellopontine Angle Vestibular Schwannoma Overview of Vestibular Schwannoma Neurofibromatosis Type 2 Radiation Therapy Miscellaneous Disorders of the IAC and CPA Benign Neoplasms of Other Cranial Nerves Meningio1nas of the CPA Rare Diseases of the CPA and IAC Disorders of the Petrous Apex Lesions of the Jugular Foramen Disorders of the Facial Nerve General Principles of the Facial Nerve Bell Palsy and Ra1nsay-Hunt Syndro1ne Iatrogenic Facial Nerve Injuries Central Neurotologic Disorders Migraine Vestibulopathy Demyelinating Disorders Multiple Sclerosis Otologic and Neurotologic Sequelae of Meningitis Increased Intracranial Pressure Neurotologic Sequelae of Stroke Seizure Disorders Vascular Compression Syndromes Fractures of the Temporal Bone Audiologic Management of Hearing Loss Amplification of Hearing Cochlear Implants Auditory Brainstem Implants 5 Surgical Therapy of the Temporal Bone Otologic/Neurotologic Instrumentation Intraoperative Monitoring Surgical Access to the Mastoid and Middle Ear, Grafting Materials Considerations for Pediatric Ear Surgery Canaloplasty of the External Ear Canal Temporal Bone Resections for Malignant Disease Surgical Management of Aural Atresia Management of Middle Ear Trauma Surgical Management of Acute Otitis Media and Chronic Otitis Media with Effusion Middle Ear Ventilation Surgery Mastoidectomy Surgery for Chronic Otitis Media Myringoplasty and Underlay Tympanoplasty Lateral Graft Tympanoplasty Ossiculoplasty Tympano1nastoid Procedures Surgery for Otosclerosis Surgical Management of the Facial Nerve Management of Facial Nerve Neoplasms Management of Traumatic Facial Palsy Surgical Manage1nent of Bell Palsy Surgery for Implantable Auditory Devices Surgery for Cochlear Implants Surgery for Bone-Anchored Hearing Aids Surgery for Implantable Hearing Aids Neurotologic Approaches to the Medial Temporal Bone Middle Fossa Approach Retrolabyrinthine Approach Translabyrinthine Approach Transcochlear Approach Retrosigmoid/Suboccipital Approach Combined Approaches to the Cerebellopontine Angle Surgical Management of Chronic Vestibular Disorders General Considerations Chemical Labyrinthectomy Translabyrinthine and Middle Fossa Vestibular Neurectomy Retrosigmoid, Retrolabyrinthine, and Combined Vestibular Neurectomy Cochleosacculotomy and Singular Neurectomy; Posterior Semicircular Canal Occlusion Labyrinthecto1ny Endoly1nphatic Sac Surgery Surgery for Vestibular Schwannoma Infratemporal Fossa Approaches Surgery for Lesions of the Petrous Apex 6 Management of Complications Rehabilitation of Cranial Nerve Deficits Vestibular Rehabilitation Treatment of the Eye and Disorders of the Facial Nerve Management of Postoperative Cerebrospinal Fluid Leakages 7 Temporal Bone Dissection General Considerations Introduction Specimen Ha11dling Laboratory Set-up Position Dissecting Technique The Temporal Bone Lateral Dissection Topography Cortical Mastoidectomy Facial Recess Extended Facial Recess Retrolabyrinthine/Infralabyrinthine Supralabyrinthine/Supracochlear Labyrinthectomy Internal Auditory Canal (Translabyrinthine) Canal Wall Down Infracochl ear Transcochlear Superior Exposure Surface Topography Internal Auditory Canal Inner Ear Middle Ear Petrous Apex Posterior Exposure Surface Topography Internal Auditory Canal Endolymphatic System and Inner Ear Jugular Foramen Index Contributors Contributor information includes chapter/section titles to which each author contributed. Oliver F. Adunka, MD Assistant Professor Otology/Neurotology/Skull Base Surgery Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, North Carolina Anatomy of the Temporal Bone and Adjacent Structures Congenital Malformations of the Middle Ear Acute Otitis Media and Otitis Media with Effusion Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (Chronically Draining Ear) Complications of Otitis Media Temporal Bone Encephalocele Neoplasms of the Middle Ear Congenital Sensorineural Hearing Impairment Early Acquired Hearing Loss and Auditory Neuropathy Occupational Hearing Loss and Ototoxicity Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss and Presbyacusis Perily1nphatic Fistula and Autoim1nune Hearing Loss Tinnitus and Hyperacusis Fractures of the Temporal Bone Atnplifi cation of Hearing Cochlear Implants Otol ogi c/Neurotol ogi c Instrumentation Intraoperative Monitoring Surgical Access to the Mastoid and Middle Ear, Grafting Materials Considerations for Pediatric Ear Surgery Canaloplasty of the External Auditory Canal Temporal Bone Resections for Malignant Disease Surgical Management of Aural Atresia Management of Middle Ear Trauma Surgical Management of Acute Otitis Media and COME Surgery for Chronic Otitis Media Surgery for Implantable Hearing Aids Surgical Manage1nent of Chronic Vestibular Disorders Christoph Arnoldner, MD Private Docent Department of Otolaryngology Medical University of Vienna Vienna, Austria Evaluation of the Balance System External Ear Disorders of the Vestibular System Marc K. Bassim, MD Assistant Professor Departtnent of Otolaryngology Head and Neek Surgery American University of Beirut Medical Center Beirut, Lebanon Evaluation of the Facial Nerve Facial Nerve Surgical Management of the Facial Nerve Gregory J. Basura, MD, PhD Resident Physician Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA Central Neurotologic Disorders Deidra A. Blanks, MD Resident Physician Departtnent of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA History of Otology Temporal Bone Encephalocele Management of Middle Ear Trauma Canaloplasty of the External Auditory Canal Craig A. Buchman, MD Professor and Vice Chairman for Clinical Affairs Otology/Neurotology/Skull Base Surgery Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, North Carolina Manual for the Temporal Bone Laboratory Adam Campbell, BA Medical Student, MS III University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA Fractures of the Temporal Bone Megan Dil l on, AuD Audiologist Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA John Grose, PhD Professor Departtnent of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA Evaluation of Hearing Benjamin Y. Huang, MD Clinical Assistant Professor Departtnent of Radiology Division ofNeuroradiology University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA Imaging of the Temporal Bone Brandon Isaacson, MD Assistant Professor Departtnent of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas, Texas, USA Vestibular Schwannoma (VS) Miscellaneous Disorders of the Internal Auditory Canal and CPA Petrous Apex Lesions of the Jugular Fora1nen Auditory Brainstem Implants (ABI) Neurotologic Approaches to the Medial Temporal Bone Surgery for Vestibular Schwannoma Infratemporal Fossa Approaches Surgery for Lesions of the Petrous Apex Management of Complications Jan Kiefer, MD Adjunct Professor HNO Zentrum Regensburg Regensburg, Ger1nany Congenital Malformations of the Middle Ear Otosclerosi s Surgery for Otosclerosis Surgery for Cochlear Implants Surgery for Bone Anchored Hearing Aids (BAHA) J. Walter Kutz, MD Assistant Professor Departtnent of Otolaryngology Head & Neek Surgery University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas, Texas, USA Vestibular Schwannoma (VS) Miscellaneous Disorders of the Internal Auditory Canal and CPA Petrous Apex
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