Origin and Mechanisms of Hallucinations: Proceedings of the 14th Annual Meeting of the Eastern Psychiatric Research Association held in New York City, November 14–15, 1969 PDF
Preview Origin and Mechanisms of Hallucinations: Proceedings of the 14th Annual Meeting of the Eastern Psychiatric Research Association held in New York City, November 14–15, 1969
Origin and Mechanisms of HALLUCINATIONS Origin and Mechanisms of HALLUCINATIONS Proceedings of the 14th Annual Meeting of the Eastern Psychiatric Research Association held in New York City, November 14-15,1969 Edited by WOLFRAM KEUP Research Institute Brooklyn State Hospital State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, College of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry Brooklyn, New York ~ SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, LLC • 1970 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 71-139579 ISBN 978-1-4615-8647-0 ISBN 978-1-4615-8645-6 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4615-8645-6 © 1970 Springer Science+Business Media New York Originally published by Plenum Press New York in 1970 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1790 All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form without written permission from the publisher INTRODUCTION Hallucinations, a natural phenomenon as old as mankind, have a surprisingly wide range. They appear under the most diversified conditions, in the "normal" psyche as well as in severe chronic mental derangement. As a symptom, hallucinations are a potential part of a variety of pathological conditions in almost all kinds of psychotic behavior. In addition, lately, various psychological and sociological circumstances seem to favor widespread use and abuse of hallucinogens, substances able to produce hallucinations in the normal brain. They not rarely lead to serious psychopatho logy such as toxic, and mobilized or aggravated endogenous psycho ses. While such development adds to our scientific knowledge, it also contributes to our current social troubles. Neurologists and neuro-surgeons, psychiatrists, psychologists and other specialized researchers constantly have been dealing with the phenomenon, its roots and branches, and yet, its primary mechanisms are largely un known. However, investigators of hallucinations now seem to enter common ground on which meaningful discussions and joint approaches become feasible and more promising. We have come a long way from the Latin term "hallucinari", meaning to talk nonsense, to be absent-minded, to the modern con cept of "hallucinations". While the Latin word was descriptive of what may be due to hallucinations, the modern concept defines hal lucinations as subjective experiences that are consequences of men tal processes, sometimes fulfilling a purpose in the individual's mental life. And on we went beyond definition to the actual explo ration of the causative factors of hallucinatory phenomena and their psychological and physiological mechanisms, trusting that one day we will reach a full understanding of the complex etiology of hal lucinations. Sensory deprivation, chemical effects of psychopharmacological compounds, anatomical brain lesions and endogenous psychoses, REM sleep suppression, oxygen deficiency and many other conditions, all might lead to hallucinations. What a variety of instances! In fact, it would seem conceivable that hallucinations, with or without other v vi IN'lRODUCTION psychiatric symptoms, may be one of the very few, monotonous, unspe cific responses of the functional brain-psyche unit to a large num ber of different stimuli. It is this response, often constituting an inappropriate answer to the stimulus, that has for long puzzled clinicians and research scientists alike. What we owe to them is the wealth of knowledge that exists today regarding the possible origin and mechanisms of hallucinations, the theme of this book and its preceding symposium. The 1969 Conference on hallucinations brought many scientists to a platform provided by the Eastern Psychiatric Research Associa tion (EPRA) for the mutual exchange of ideas and latest research findings. Approximately 10 years ago, in December 1958, a similar symposium took place*. The knowledge and insight gained since then were the focus of our Conference and this subsequent symposium volume. As its editor and Conference Chairman, it was my endeavor to assemble representatives from all disciplines concerned with hal lucination research in order to offer full coverage of the topic. With this in mind, the program was divided into four major sections. The same frame of reference was maintained throughout this book. A few scientists who were unable to participate in the Meeting ac cepted the invitation to send us resumes of their observations in the field. These, too, are included in the book. Thus we hope to have provided a new broad basis from which research can advance further. This could never have been accomplished without the help of the many outstanding contributors. Several of them took on the burden of extended travel in order to be with us. Nearly all of them consented to compile their lecture material into manuscripts for publication. To all of them I wish to express my sincerest gratitude. Another word of thanks is due to the Meeting's Guest of Honor, and "Father of the Science of Hallucinations", Dr. Heinrich KlUver whose presence heightened the success of the Conference. He received the EPRA Gold Medal for Special Scientific Achievement, and Dr. David Impastato's address on the occasion follows this in troduction. I also wish to convey my great appreciation to all officers of EPRA for their active assistance in the preparations for the Meeting. To Plenum Press, New York, I am indebted for their understanding and their cooperation in making this book avail able to the many interested readers. Finally, I acknowledge with thanks the valuable help of the staff of the Research Institute at Brooklyn State Hospital in producing this volume. New York Wolfram Keup June 15, 1970 * Symposium held in Washington D.C., under the auspices of the American Psychiatric Association, published as symposium volume "Hallucinations", edited by Louis Jolyon West, M.D.; Grune and Stratton, New York, 1962. CONTRIBUTORS ABDULLAH, Syed, M.D., 600 West 164 Str.,Apt. 41, New York, N.Y. 10032; Instructor of Psychiatry, Columbia University and Psychiatrist II, Mental Health Service for the Deaf at the Rockland State Hospital, Orangeburg, N.Y. ALEXANDER, Leo, M.D., 433 Marlborough Str., Boston, Mass.; Assistant Clinical Professor of Psychiatry, Tufts University, Medical School, Boston, Mass. ALLEN, Thomas E., M.D., 6501 N. Charles Str., Baltimore, Md. 21204; Staff Psychiatrist, Sheppard-Pratt Hospital, Baltimore, Md. ALPERT, MUrray M., Ph.D., Associate Professor of Psychiatry, New York University Medical Center, 550 First Ave. ,New York, N.Y. 10016. ALTSHULER, Kenneth S., M.D., Assistant Clinical Professor of Psy chiatry, Columbia University, and Chief of Service, Mental Health Service for the Deaf at Rockland State Hospital, Orangeburg, N.Y. ANGRIST, Burton M., M.D. Instructor of Psychiatry, New York Uni versity Medical Center, 550 First Ave., New York, N.Y. 10016. BALDWIN, MaitZandt, M.D., former Clinical Director of the National Institute for Neurological Diseases and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda,Md. BARBER, Theodore X., Ph.D., Director of Psychological Research, Medfield State Hospital, Medfield, Mass. BAUER, Stephen P., M.D., Clinical Director Psychiatric In-Patient Service, Assistant Clinical Professor, The Hospital of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1825 Eastchester Road, Bronx, N.Y., 10461. tDeceased. viii CONTRIBUTORS BENDER, M.D., Consultant in Child Psychiatry, New York Laupetta~ State Psychiatric Institute, 722 West 168 Str., New York, N.Y. 10032. BENDER, Morris B., M.D., Henry P. And Georgette Goldschmidt Pro fessor and Chairman. Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine of the City University of New York, Fifth Avenue and 100 Str., New York, N.Y. 10029. BOURGUIGNON, Erika, Ph.D., Professor of Anthropology, Ohio State University, 1775 South College Road, Columbus, Ohio 43210. BRADLEY, RonaLd J., Ph.D., Research Associate, Neuropsychology Laboratory, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, N.M. 87106 BRADY, John PauL, M.D., Professor of Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. 19104. BRO~N, MeLinda, M.A., State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Division of Alcoholism, 450 Clarkson Ave. Brooklyn, N.Y. 11203. COLLINS, Lois, B.A., Research Di v., Central Islip State Hospital, Central Islip, N.Y. 11722. COWEN, MUrray A., M.D., Assistant Professor of Psychiatry, State University of New York, Upstate Medical Center, Syracuse, N.Y. and Clinical Investigator, VA Hospital, Syracuse, N.Y. 13210. DIAMOND, FLorence, Research Associate, New York University Medical Center, 550 First Ave., New York N.Y. 10016. FEINBERG, Irvin, M.D., 18 Sunshine, Sausalito, Calif.; Professor of Psychiatry, University of California Medical Center at San Francisco, and of Psychiatry at VA Hospital, Chie~ 42nd Ave. and Clement Str., San Francisco, Calif. 94121. FELDMAN, Martin, M.D., Assistant Professor of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, City University of New York, Fifth Ave. and 100 Str., New York, N.Y. 10029. FISCHER, RoLand, M.D., Professor of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, The College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Department of Psychiatry, 410 West 10th Ave., Columbus Ohio, 43210. FORRER, Gordon R., M.D., Psychiatrist, 20141 James Couzens Hwy. Detroit, Mich., 48235. CONTRIBUTORS ix GERSHON~ Samuel~ M.D.~ Professor of Psychiatry and Director of the Neuropsychopharmacology Research Unit, New York Univeristy, 550 First Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10016. GIOSCIA~ Victor~ Ph.D.~Associate Professor of Sociology and Philo sophy at Adelphi University, and Senior Sociologist, Center for the Study of Social Change, Roosevelt Hospital, 428 West 59th Str., New York, N.Y. 10019. GROSS~ Milton~ M.D.~ Associate Professor, Associate Director, Division of Alcoholism, Dept. of Psychiatry, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, N.Y. 11203. RARRIS~ Jay~ M.D.~ 125 East 87th Str., New York, N.Y. 10028, Clinical Instructor of Psychiatry, The Hospital of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, N.Y. HERKERT~ Eleonore E.~ M.D.~ Psychiatrist II (Research), Brooklyn State Hospital, 681 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, N.Y. 11203. HOLDEN~ Michael J.~ M.D.~ Physician Superintendent, St. Louis State Hospital, and Associate Professor of Psychiatry, Dept. of Psychiatry, University of Missouri, Missouri Institute of Psychiatry, 5400 Arsenal Str., St. Louis, Mo. 63139. HOROWITZ~ Mardi J.~ M.D.~ Research Psychiatrist, Mount Zion Hospi tal and Medical Center, 1600 Divisadero Str., San Francisco, Calif. 94115; and Assistant Clinical Professor of Psychiatry, University of California Medical School, San Francisco, Cal. IMPASTATO~ David~ M.D.~ 40 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10011; Associate Clinical Professor of Psychiatry, New York Univer sity, New York, N.Y. TUran Professor of Psychiatry and Associate Chair ITIL~ M.~ M.D.~ man, Dept. of Psychiatry, University of Missouri, Missouri Institute of Psychiatry, 5400 Arsenal Str., St. Louis, Mo. 63139. JARVIK~ MUrray E.~ M.D.~ Professor of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Dept. of Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, N.Y. 10461 JARVIS~ John H.~ Arizona State Hospital, 2500 East van Buren Str. Phoenix, Arizona, or 455 West Fifth Place, Mesa, Ariz. 85201. JOHNSTON~ Victor S.~ Ph.D.~ Dept. of Psychology, New Mexico State University. Las Cruces. N.M. 88001. x CONTRIBUTORS KEELER, Martin H., M.D., Professor of Psychology, New York Medical College, Flower & Fifth Avenue Hospitals, 5 East 102nd Str., New York, N.Y. 10029. KEUP, Wolfram, M.D., Director of Research, Brooklyn State Hospital, 681 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, N.Y. 11203, and Associate Cini cal Professor of Psychiatry, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, N.Y. LANDON, George M., Ph.D.,Assistant Professor of Linguistics, College of Humanities, Ohio State University, 216 North Oval Drive, Columbus, Ohio 43210. LEWINSOHN, Peter M., Ph.D., Professor of Psychology, Psychology Clinic, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403. LEWIS, Eastlyn, R.N., Division of Alcoholism, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, N.Y. 11203. MWLENOWSKI, Beverly, M.S., Division of Alcoholism, State Universi ty of New York, Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Ave., Brooklyn, N.Y. 11203. ~RRAZZI, Amedeo S., M.D., Professor and Chief of Neuropharmacology, University of Missouri, Institute of Psychiatry, 5400 Arsenal Street, St. Louis, Mo. 63139. MERLIS, Sidney, M.D., Director of Research, Division of Research, Central Islip State Hospital, Central Islip, N.Y. 11722. PARDES, Herbert, M.D., Assistant Director of REsidency Training, Kings County Hospital, 451 Clarkson Ave. ,Brooklyn, N.Y. 11203. PORTELL, Josep, M.D., Senior Research Psychiatrist, Children's Unit, Creedmoor State Hospital, Queens Village, N.Y. 11427. RABKIN, Richard, M.D., 234 East 68th Str., New York 10021; Clinical Assistant Professor, Family Studies Section, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, N.Y. RAINER, John D., M.D., Associate Clinical Professor of Psychiatry and Chief of Psychiatric Research (Med. Genetics), New York State Psychiatric Institute, 722 West l68th Str., New York, N.Y. 10032. ROSENBLATT, Milton, Ph.D., Division of Alcoholism, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, N.Y. 11203.
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