Optics textbook (lightandmatter)

90 Pages·2000·1.35 MB·English

by  Benjamin Crowell

Optics
Benjamin Crowell
Book 5 in the Light and Matter series of introductory physics textbooks
www.lightandmatter.com

Optics
The Light and Matter series of
introductory physics textbooks:
1 Newtonian Physics
2 Conservation Laws
3 Vibrations and Waves
4 Electricity and Magnetism
5 Optics
6 The Modern Revolution in Physics
Optics
Benjamin Crowell
www.lightandmatter.com
Light and Matter
Fullerton, California
www.lightandmatter.com
© 1999 by Benjamin Crowell
All rights reserved.
Edition 2.0
rev. 2000-09-09
ISBN 0-9704670-5-2
Brief Contents
1 The Ray Model of Light ...................11
2 Images by Reflection, Part I........... 25
3 Images by Reflection, Part II.......... 33
4 Refraction and Images ................... 43
5 Wave Optics .................................... 57
Exercises............................................... 73
Solutions to Selected Problems ......... 79
Glossary ................................................ 81
Index ...................................................... 83
Contents 7
Contents
1 The Ray Model
of Light 11
1.1 The Nature of Light.............................. 12
1.2 Interaction of Light with Matter ............ 15
1.3 The Ray Model of Light ....................... 17
1.4 Geometry of Specular Reflection......... 20
1.5* The Principle of Least Time for Reflection
22
Summary...................................................... 23
Homework Problems.................................... 24
3 Images by Reflection,
Part II 33
3.1 A Real Image Formed by an In-Bending
Mirror ...................................................... 34
3.2 Other Cases With Curved Mirrors ....... 36
3.3* Aberrations......................................... 40
Summary...................................................... 41
Homework Problems.................................... 42
2 Images by Reflection,
Part I 25
2.1 A Virtual Image .................................... 26
2.2 Curved Mirrors..................................... 27
2.3 A Real Image....................................... 28
2.4 Images of Images................................ 29
Summary...................................................... 31
Homework Problems.................................... 32
8 Contents
4 Refraction Exercises 73
and Images 43
Solutions to Selected
4.1 Refraction............................................ 44
Problems 79
4.2 Lenses................................................. 50
4.3* The Lensmaker’s Equation ................ 52
Glossary 81
4.4* Refraction and the Principle of Least Time
52
Index 83
Summary...................................................... 53
Homework Problems.................................... 54 Useful Data 90
5 Wave Optics 57
5.1 Diffraction ............................................ 58
5.2 Scaling of Diffraction............................ 59
5.3 The Correspondence Principle............ 60
5.4 Huygens’ Principle............................... 61
5.5 Double-Slit Diffraction.......................... 62
5.6 Repetition ............................................ 66
5.7 Single-Slit Diffraction ........................... 67
Summary...................................................... 69
Homework Problems.................................... 70
Contents 9
10 Contents