Occupational outlook handbook 2004-2005

2005·71.9 MB·English

by  United States. Department of Labor

This new, updated edition includes:
I Detailed information on hundreds of exciting careers
I Training and educational requirements to help plan
your future
I Professional associations, websites, and other
resources to help make an informed choice
Compiled by
The United
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Occupational
Outlook
Handbook
2004-2005
Compiled by
The United States Department of Labor
VGM Career Books
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Connolly Branch Library
The McGraw-Hill Companies
Publisher’s Preface
McGraw-Hill is proud to bring you this special version of the Occupational
Outlook Handbook. This important government publication, like the Dic¬
tionary of Occupational Titles, is an essential tool for all jobseekers.
First-time jobseekers can use Occupational Outlook Handbook to find out
more about nearly 250 different types of careers. Vital information is given
for each career field, including nature of the work, working conditions,
employment, training, advancement opportunities, job outlook, earnings,
and sources of additional information.
Experienced jobseekers should use this book to find the latest employment
statistics for their career fields and the projected employment opportunities
over the next several years. Those wishing to change careers will find help¬
ful information on occupations related to their current experience; this infor¬
mation may indicate which new career areas to pursue.
Everyone can benefit from using the Occupational Outlook Handbook.
Before making important career decisions, be sure to consult this publica¬
tion for concise, comprehensive coverage of the employment picture in
America today.
This McGraw-Hill edition is an unabridged publication of Bulletin 2570, the Occupational
Outlook Handbook, 2004-05 Edition, compiled by the United States Department of Labor,
Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Copyright © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United
States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part
of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in
a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher.
1234567890 VLP/VLP 3210987654
ISBN 0-07-143175-8
ISSN 0082-9072
McGraw-Hill books are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales
promotions, or for use in corporate training programs. For more information, please write to the
Director of Special Sales, Professional Publishing, McGraw-Hill, Two Penn Plaza, New York, NY
10121-2298. Or contact your local bookstore.
This book is printed on acid-free paper.
Acknowledgments
The Bureau of Labor Statistics produced the Handbook under
the general guidance and direction of Michael W. Horrigan, As¬
sistant Commissioner for Occupational Statistics and Employ¬
ment Projections, and Mike Pilot, Chief, Division of Occupa¬
tional Outlook. Chester C. Levine and Jon Q. Sargent, Managers
of Occupational Outlook Studies, provided planning and day-
to-day direction.
Supervisors overseeing the research and preparation of ma¬
terial were Douglas Braddock, Theresa Cosca, Arlene K. Dohm,
and Carolyn Veneri. Occupational analysts who contributed ma¬
terial were Azure Albeck, Andrew D. Alpert, Jill Auyer, Hall
Dillon, Tamara Dillon, Erika Heaton, Elka Jones, Henry T.
Kasper, Jonathan Kelinson, T. Alan Lacey, William Lawhorn,
Mark Mittelhauser, Kevin M. McCarron, Roger Moncarz, Terry
Schau, Lynn Shniper, Patricia Tate, and Ian Wyatt.
Editorial work was provided by Edith Baker, Monica Carpio,
Monica Gabor, and Douglas Himes, under the supervision of
Mary K. Rieg. Word processing support was provided by
Monique Smith and Beverly A. Williams. Computer program¬
ming support was provided by David S. Frank, T. Alan Lacey,
and Erik A. Savisaar. Cover and other art-work were designed
by Keith Tapscott.
Note
Many trade associations, professional societies, unions, industrial organi¬
zations, and government agencies provide career information that is valu¬
able to counselors and jobseekers. For the convenience of Handbook us¬
ers, some of these organizations and, in some cases, their Internet addresses
are listed at the end of each occupational statement. Although these refer¬
ences were carefully compiled, the Bureau of Labor Statistics has neither
authority nor facilities for investigating the organizations or the informa¬
tion or publications that may be sent in response to a request and cannot
guarantee the accuracy of such information. The listing of an organization,
therefore, does not constitute in any way an endorsement or recommenda¬
tion by the Bureau either of the organization and its activities or of the
information it may supply. Each organization has sole responsibility for
whatever information it may issue.
The Handbook describes the job outlook over a projected 10-year
period for occupations across the Nation; consequently, short-term labor
market fluctuations and regional differences in job outlook generally are
not discussed. Similarly, the Handbook provides a general, composite de¬
scription of jobs and cannot be expected to reflect work situations in spe¬
cific establishments or localities. The Handbook, therefore, is not intended
and should not be used as a guide for determining wages, hours of work,
the right of a particular union to represent workers, appropriate bargaining
units, or formal job evaluation systems. Nor should earnings data in the
Handbook be used to compute future loss of earnings in adjudication pro¬
ceedings involving work injuries or accidental deaths.
Material in this publication is in the public domain and, with ap¬
propriate credit, may be reproduced without permission. Comments about
the contents of this publication and suggestions for im proving it are wel¬
come. Please address them to Chief, Division of Occupational Outlook,
Office of Occupational Statistics and Employment Projections, Bureau of
Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, 2 Massachusetts Ave. NE.,
Room 2135, Washington, DC 20212. Phone:[phone]. FAX: (202)
691-5745. E-mail: [email protected]. Additional information is available
on the Internet: http://www.bls.gov/oco. Information in the Handbook is
available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202)
691-5200; Federal Relay Service: [phone].
iii
Photograph Credits
The Bureau of Labor Statistics wishes to express its appreciation for the cooperation and
assistance of the many government and private sources—listed below—that either contributed
photographs or made their facilities available to photographers working under contract to the
U.S. Department of Labor. Situations portrayed in the photographs may not be free of every
possible safety or health hazard. Depiction of company or trade name in no way constitutes
endorsement by the Department of Labor.
Abacus Technology Corporation, Silver Spring, MD; Aggressive Construction; Black Magic Films;
Burlington and Northern Railroad; Cape May—Lewes Ferry; Carlo Perlo, Dance Place; Citgo Gas,
Gaithersburg, MD; Claims Administration Corporation, Rockville, MD; Craddock-Terry Inc., Farmville,
VA; Cres Builders; Cynthia K. Reeser, Nutritionist, Women's Health Initiative; D.C. Vending Company;
Dana A. Brown, Women’s Exercise Research Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC;
Damestown Elementary School, Montgomery County, MD; David Hrupsa, First State Aerial Applica¬
tors, Felton. DE; Delaware Electric Cooperative; Department of Anthropology, Howard University, Wash¬
ington, DC; Dravo Corporation, Pittsburgh, PA; Dr. Edna Medford, Department of History, Howard
University, Washington, DC; Dr. Gary Felton, Agricultural Engineering Department, University of Mary¬
land, College Park, MD; Dr. Larry Brown, Dupont Circle Chiropractic, Washington, DC; Fame Food
Services, Wakefield, MD; Fannie Mae Computer Department, Washington, DC; Father Everett Pearson,
Holy Name School, Washington, DC; Fitzgerald Pontiac, White Flint, MD; Food Service at the Ameri¬
can University, Washington, DC; Gaithersburg Middle School, Montgomery County, MD; Gaithersburg
Public Library, Montgomery County, MD; George Washington University Audio Visual Department,
Washington, DC; George Washington University Hospital and Ambulatory Care Center, Washington,
DC; Glenn Maurer and Associates; Holland Jewelers, Inc., Rehoboth Beach. DE; Information Technol¬
ogy Department, American Federation of Teachers, AFL-CIO; International Union of Bricklayers and
Allied Craft Workers; Iona House and Sibley Hospital, Washington, DC; Jordana Pomeroy, Curator,
National Museum of Women in the Arts; Julie Garrett, USDA Graduate School, Washington, DC; Kane
County Cougars; Karen Ackoff, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC; Kathryn Morgan Lightcap,
D.P.M., Lewes, DE; Kathy M. Perkins, At Your Fingertips, Washington, DC; Laurel Racetrack, Laurel,
MD; Legal Services, Washington, DC; Legg, Mason, Wood, Walker, Inc.; Loudoun Pest Control, Leesburg,
VA; Martha Tabor, Working Images Prints, Photographs, and Sculpture, Washington, DC; Maryland
Applicators, Beltsville, MD; McAllister Towing, Baltimore, MD; McCutcheon’s Apple Products, Inc.;
Medical Records Corporation, Vienna, VA; Melvin M. Shapiro, Capitol Process Services; Midway Slots,
Harrington, DE; Monilsen Animal Clinic, Madison Heights, VA; Montgomery County Police Depart¬
ment, Montgomery County, MD; National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD;
National Zoo, Washington, DC; Patti Huntington, Singer; Penn Camera, Rockville, MD; Pierre L. Palian,
D.D.S., and staff; Port of Seattle, Seattle, WA; Proctor S. Harvey, American Society of Landscape Archi¬
tects, Lynchburg, VA; Public Production Group, Washington, DC; Rapp Funeral and Cremation Ser¬
vices; Red Cross Blood Bank, Baltimore, MD; Rev. Ruth Hamilton, Westminster Presbyterian Church,
Washington, DC; Robbie Murray, Connie Rogers, Brandon Donaway, Sussex County Emergency Medi¬
cal Services (Delaware); Robert M. Gable, CPA, Berry, Barlow, & Warrington, LLP, Certified Public
Accountants; Robert Schwartz and Keith Peoples, Architects; Roush & Averill, Interior Designers,
Gaithersburg, MD; Safeway, Gaithersburg, MD; Sandy Springs Friends School, Sandy Springs, MD;
Seaport Transportation, Rehoboth Beach, DE; Shady Grove Adventist Hospital, Gaithersburg, MD; Siar
Daires-Vollum, Paleontologist, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC; Sterling Optical, Gaithersburg,
MD; Suburban Dental Laboratory, Inc.; Surgery Department, Children’s National Medical Center, Wash¬
ington, DC; Sussex County (Delaware) Engineering Department; Sussex County (Delaware) Finance
Department; The Segal Company, Washington, DC; The Washington Times, Washington, DC; Triangle
Tobacco Auction Warehouse, Upper Marlboro, MD; Trunnel Electric, Derwood, MD; Town of Rehoboth
Beach, DE—Water Treatment Plant; United Air Temp, Rockville, MD; Urban Institute, Washington,
DC; USDA Graduate School; Walter Reed Army Medical Hospital, Washington, DC; Washington Home,
Washington, DC; Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority, Washington, DC; WETA Television
and Radio, Washington, DC; William G. Grimm, Avorex Designs; William McGuire, Beltsville Agricul¬
tural Research Station, Beltsville, MD; Worker’s Institute for Health and Safety, Washington, DC.
IV
Contents
Special Features
Mathematicians. 110
Operations research analysts. 112
Statisticians. 114
Tomorrow’s Jobs. 1
Architects, surveyors, and cartographers
Sources of Career Information . 9 Architects, except landscape and naval. 116
Landscape architects. 119
Finding a Job and Evaluating a Job Offer . 14
Surveyors, cartographers, photogrammetrists, and surveying
Occupational Information Included in the technicians. 122
Handbook. 18
Engineers. 125
Data for Occupations Not Studied in Detail. 648 Aerospace engineers. 128
Agricultural engineers. 129
Assumptions and Methods Used in Preparing
Biomedical engineers. 130
Employment Projections. 663
Chemical engineers. 131
Occupational Information Network Coverage. 665 Civil engineers. 132
Computer hardware engineers. 133
Index. 674
Electrical and electronics engineers, except computer. 133
Environmental engineers. 134
Industrial engineers, including health and safety. 135
Occupational Coverage Materials engineers. 137
Mechanical engineers. 137
Mining and geological engineers, including
Management, business, and mining safety engineers. 138
financial operations occupations Nuclear engineers. 139
Management occupations Petroleum engineers. 140
Administrative services managers. 21 Drafters and engineering technicians
Advertising, marketing, promotions, public relations, Drafters. 141
and sales managers. 23 Engineering technicians . 143
Computer and information systems managers. 26
Life scientists
Construction managers. 28
Agricultural and food scientists. 146
Education administrators. 31
Biological scientists. 149
Engineering and natural sciences managers. 34
Conservation scientists and foresters. 152
Farmers, ranchers, and agricultural managers. 36
Medical scientists. 155
Financial managers. 39
Physical scientists
Food service managers. 42
Atmospheric scientists. 158
Funeral directors. 45
Chemists and materials scientists. 161
Human resources, training, and labor relations managers
Environmental scientists and geoscientists. 164
and specialists. 47
Physicists and astronomers. 167
Industrial production managers. 51
Lodging managers. 53 Social scientists and related occupations
Medical and health services managers. 55 Economists. 170
Property, real estate, and community association managers. 58 Market and survey researchers. 173
Purchasing managers, buyers, and purchasing agents. 61 Psychologists. 175
Top executives. 64 Urban and regional planners. 178
Social scientists, other. 180
Business and financial operations occupations
Accountants and auditors. 68 Science technicians. 183
Budget analysts. 72
Community and social services occupations
Claims adjusters, appraisers, examiners, and investigators . 75
Clergy. 187
Cost estimators. 78
Protestant ministers. 188
Financial analysts and personal financial advisors . 80
Rabbis . 189
Insurance underwriters. 83
Roman Catholic priests. 190
Loan counselors and officers. 85
Counselors. 192
Management analysts. 87
Probation officers and correctional treatment specialists. 195
Tax examiners, collectors, and revenue agents. 90
Social and human service assistants. 197
Social workers. 199
Professional and related occupations
Legal occupations
Court reporters. 202
Computer and mathematical occupations
Judges, magistrates, and other judicial workers. 204
Actuaries. 94
Lawyers. 207
Computer programmers. 96
Paralegals and legal assistants. 211
Computer software engineers. 100
Computer support specialists and systems administrators. 103 Education, training, library, and museum occupations
Computer systems analysts, database administrators, and Archivists, curators, and museum technicians. 213
computer scientists. Instructional coordinators. 217
v
Occupational therapist assistants and aides. 346
Librarians. 218
Pharmacy aides. 348
Library technicians. 221
Physical therapist assistants and aides. 349
Teacher assistants. 223
Teachers—adult literacy and remedial and self-enrichment Protective service occupations
education. 225 Correctional officers. 351
Teachers—postsecondary. 228 Firefighting occupations. 353
Teachers—preschool, kindergarten, elementary, middle, and Police and detectives. 356
secondary. 232 Private detectives and investigators . 360
Teachers—special education. 236 Security guards and gaming surveillance officers. 362
Art and design occupations Food preparation and serving related occupations
Artists and related workers. 239 Chefs, cooks, and food preparation workers. 365
Designers. 242 Food and beverage serving and related workers. 368
Entertainers and performers, sports and related occupations Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations
Actors, producers, and directors. 246 Building cleaning workers. 372
Athletes, coaches, umpires, and related workers . 249 Grounds maintenance workers. 374
Dancers and choreographers. 252 Pest control workers. 377
Musicians, singers, and related workers. 254
Personal care and service occupations
Media and communication-related occupations Animal care and service workers. 379
Announcers. 256 Barbers, cosmetologists, and other personal appearance
Broadcast and sound engineering technicians and radio workers. 382
operators. 258 Childcare workers. 384
Interpreters and translators. 261 Flight attendants. 387
News analysts, reporters, and correspondents. 265 Gaming services occupations. 389
Photographers. 267 Personal and home care aides. 391
Public relations specialists. 270 Recreation and fitness workers. 393
Television, video, and motion picture camera operators
and editors. 272
Sales and related occupations
Writers and editors. 274
Health diagnosing and treating practitioners Cashiers. 396
Audiologists. 277 Counter and rental clerks. 397
Chiropractors. 279 Demonstrators, product promoters, and models. 399
Dentists. 281 Insurance sales agents. 402
Dietitians and nutritionists. 282 Real estate brokers and sales agents. 405
Occupational therapists. 284 Retail salespersons . 408
Optometrists. 286 Sales engineers. 410
Pharmacists. 288 Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing. 412
Physical therapists. 291 Sales worker supervisors. 414
Physician assistants. 292 Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents. 417
Physicians and surgeons. 294 Travel agents . 420
Podiatrists. 297
Recreational therapists . 299
Office and administrative support occupations
Registered nurses. 301
Respiratory therapists. 304
Communications equipment operators. 422
Speech-language pathologists. 306
Computer operators. 424
Veterinarians. 308
Customer service representatives. 426
Health technologists and technicians Data entry and information processing workers . 429
Cardiovascular technologists and technicians. 311 Desktop publishers. 431
Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians. 313 Financial clerks. 432
Dental hygienists. 315 Bill and account collectors. 435
Diagnostic medical sonographers. 317 Billing and posting clerks and machine operators . 436
Emergency medical technicians and paramedics. 319 Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks. 437
Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses. 321 Gaming cage workers. 438
Medical records and health information technicians. 323 Payroll and timekeeping clerks. 439
Nuclear medicine technologists. 324 Procurement clerks. 440
Occupational health and safety specialists and technicians. 326 Tellers. 441
Opticians, dispensing. 329 Information and record clerks. 442
Pharmacy technicians. 330 Brokerage clerks. 445
Radiologic technologists and technicians. 332 Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks. 445
Surgical technologists. 334 File clerks. 446
Veterinary technologists and technicians. 336 Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks. 447
Human resources assistants, except payroll and
Service occupations timekeeping. 448
Interviewers. 449
Healthcare support occupations Library assistants, clerical. 451
Dental assistants. 339 Order clerks. 451
Medical assistants. 340 Receptionists and information clerks. 452
Medical transcriptionists. 342 Reservation and transportation ticket agents and travel
Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides. 344 clerks. 453
VI
Material-recording, -scheduling, -dispatching, and -distributing Other installation, maintenance, and repair occupations
occupations. 454 Coin, vending, and amusement machine servicers and
Cargo and freight agents. 457 repairers. 548
Couriers and messengers. 458 Heating, air-conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and
Dispatchers. 459 installers. 551
Meter readers, utilities. 460 Home appliance repairers. 554
Production, planning, and expediting clerks. 461 Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance
Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks. 461 workers, except millwrights. 556
Stock clerks and order fillers. 462 Line installers and repairers . 558
Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, Maintenance and repair workers, general . 560
recordkeeping. 463 Millwrights. 562
Office and administrative support worker supervisors and Precision instrument and equipment repairers. 563
managers. 464
Office clerks, general . 466
Postal Service workers. 467
Production occupations
Secretaries and administrative assistants. 469
Assemblers and fabricators. 567
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations
Food processing occupations. 569
Agricultural workers. 473
Metal workers and plastic workers
Fishers and fishing vessel operators. 475
Computer control programmers and operators. 573
Forest, conservation, and logging workers. 478
Machinists . 575
Machine setters, operators, and tenders—metal and plastic. 577
Construction trades and related workers Tool and die makers. 580
Welding, soldering, and brazing workers. 582
Boilermakers. 481
Printing occupations
Brickmasons, blockmasons, and stonemasons. 482
Bookbinders and bindery workers. 584
Carpenters. 484
Prepress technicians and workers. 586
Carpet, floor, and tile installers and finishers. 487
Printing machine operators. 589
Cement masons, concrete finishers, segmental pavers, and
terrazzo workers. 489
Textile, apparel, and furnishings occupations . 591
Construction and building inspectors. 492
Construction equipment operators. 494 Woodworkers. 594
Construction laborers . 496 Plant and system operators
Drywall installers, ceiling tile installers, and tapers . 499 Power plant operators, distributors, and dispatchers. 597
Electricians. 500 Stationary engineers and boiler operators. 598
Elevator installers and repairers. 503 Water and liquid waste treatment plant and system
Glaziers. 505 operators. 600
Hazardous materials removal workers. 507
Other production occupations
Insulation workers. 509
Dental laboratory technicians. 602
Painters and paperhangers. 511
Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers. 604
Pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters. 513
Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers. 606
Plasterers and stucco masons. 515
Ophthalmic laboratory technicians. 609
Roofers. 517
Painting and coating workers, except construction and
Sheet metal workers. 519
maintenance. 610
Structural and reinforcing iron and metal workers. 521
Photographic process workers and processing machine
operators. 613
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations Semiconductor processors. 614
Electrical and electronic equipment mechanics, installers,
and repairers Transportation and material moving occupations
Computer, automated teller, and office machine repairers. 524
Air transportation occupations
Electrical and electronics installers and repairers. 526
Aircraft pilots and flight engineers. 617
Electronic home entertainment equipment installers and
Air traffic controllers. 620
repairers. 528
Radio and telecommunications equipment installers and Motor vehicle operators
repairers. 530 Bus drivers. 622
Taxi drivers and chauffeurs. 625
Vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics, installers, and
Truck drivers and driver/sales workers. 628
repairers
Aircraft and avionics equipment mechanics and service
Rail transportation occupations. 631
technicians. 532
Automotive body and related repairers. 535
Water transportation occupations. 634
Automotive service technicians and mechanics. 537
Diesel service technicians and mechanics. 541
Material moving occupations. 637
Heavy vehicle and mobile equipment service technicians and
mechanics. 543
Small engine mechanics. 546 Job Opportunities in the Armed Forces. 640
vii
Additional Information About the 2002-12 Projections
Readers interested in more information about the projec¬
tions; about the methods and assumptions that underlie them;
or about details on economic growth, the labor force, or in¬
dustry and occupational employment, should consult the Feb¬
ruary 2004 Monthly Labor Review, or the Winter 2003-04
Occupational Outlook Quarterly.
For more information about employment change, job open¬
ings, earnings, unemployment rates, and training require¬
ments by occupation, consult Occupational Projections and
Training Data, 2004-05 Edition, BLS Bulletin 2572.
For occupational information from an industry perspective,
including discussions of some occupations and career paths
that the Occupational Outlook Handbook does not cover,
consult the Career Guide to Industries, 2004-05 Edition,
BLS Bulletin 2571.
viii