Notes on the systematics, morphology and biostratigraphy of fossil holoplanktonicMollusca, 221. Further pelagic gastropods from Viti Levu, Fiji Archipelago

2012·0.81 MB·English

by  Janssen, Arie W

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Notes on the systematics, morphology and biostratigraphy
1
of fossil holoplanktonic Mollusca, 22 .
Further pelagic gastropods from Viti Levu, Fiji Archipelago
Arie W. Janssen
NetherlandsCentreforBiodiversityNaturalis(PalaeontologyDepartment),P.O.Box9517,NL-2300RALeiden,TheNetherlands;
currently:12,Triqtal’Hamrija,XewkijaXWK9033,Gozo,Malta;[email protected]
Andrew Grebneff†
Formerly:UniversityofOtago,GeologyDepartment,Dunedin,NewZealand
himselfduringholidaytripsin1995and1996,alsofromViti
TwolocalitiesintheislandofVitiLevu,FijiArchipelago, Levu,thelargestislandintheFijiarchipelago.Followingan
yieldedtogether28speciesofHeteropoda(3species)and initialevaluationofthismaterialitremainedunstudied, 15
Pteropoda(25species).TwosamplesfromTabataba,NW however,foralongtime.Afirstinspectionacknowledged
VitiLevu,indicateanageoflateMiocenetoearlyPliocene. Andrew’simpressionthatpartofthesampleswasyounger
TwosamplesfromWaila,SEVitiLevu,signifyanageof thantheearlierdescribedmaterialandthereforeworth
Pliocene(Piacenzian)andcloselyresemblecoevalassem- publishing.
blagesdescribedfromPangasinan,Philippines. AftertheuntimelydeathofAndrewGrebneffinJuly
2010(seethewebsiteoftheUniversityofOtago,New
Keywords:Gastropoda,Pterotracheoidea,Limacinoidea, Zealand(http://www.otago.ac.nz/geology/news/files/
Cavolinioidea,Clionoidea,lateMiocene,Pliocene,biostratigraphy, andrew_grebneff.html)itwasdecidedtorestartthestudy
Fijiarchipelago. ofthosesamplesandpublishtheresultswithAndrew’s
nameaddedasavaluableco-author,ashenotonlycollected
thespecimensbutalsoparticipatedindiscussionsontheir
Introduction taxonomyandage.Partofthesampleswascollectedin
Tabataba,onthepropertyofMrParmendraPrasad,who
Inanearlierpaper(Janssen,1999a)somedataweregivenon wasAndrew’sbrother-in-law.
lateMiocene(Tortonian-Messinian)PteropodafromtheFiji GeneralinformationonthegeologyoftheFijiarchipel-
islands,additionaltothepaperofLadd(1934).Havingseen agoisavailableonthewebsiteoftheFijiMineralResources
thatpublicationthejuniorauthormadefurtherpteropod DepartmentoftheMinistryofLandsandMineralResources
andheteropodmaterialavailablein1999,collectedby (http://www.mrd.gov.fj/gfiji/geology/educate/geo_fiji.html),
wherealsoasimplifiedgeologicalmapcanbefound
1Fornr21inthisseriesseeBasteria75:71. (http://www.mrd.gov.fj/gfiji/img/maps/geology/Fijigeo.gif).
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ThecomplicatedgeologicalhistoryoftheFijiislandsgroup, Pliocene,NakasiBeds,N22.Sedimentofverysoft,al-
situatedontheFijiPlateinbetweenthesubductionzonesof mostunconsolidated,massive,darkish-greysilt,weath-
theIndo-AustralianandPacificplates,andtherefore eringtobeige,withdeepwaterappearance(Argyropeza
stronglyinfluencedbytectonicsandvolcanism,isexplained present)withmicromolluscsinsmallconcentrations.
inanothersiteofthesameinstitute Leg.A.Grebneff(AGF225),16January1995.
(http://www.mrd.gov.fj/gfiji/geology/educate/platect.html). Waila-2,SEVitiLevu,Fijiislands;roadcutWofNausori
Inthepresentpaperweanalyzetheholoplanktonic bridge,nearrightbankofRewaRiver,NofSuva;proba-
molluscspecies,usingthesetoestimatetheageofthesource bly250mnorthofgridreference74058585,FijimapO28
rocks. (Nausori),edition1(1990).SupposedlatePliocene,
NakasiBeds,N22.Sedimentofverysoft,almostuncon-
Material and methods solidated,massive,darkish-greysilt,weatheringto
beige,withdeepwaterappearance(Argyropezapresent)
Isolatedspecimensofhetero-andpteropodswereconcen- withmicromolluscsinsmallconcentrations.Leg.A.
tratedfromfossilsamplescollectedatfourlocalities,two Grebneff(AGF224),16January1995.
nearTabataba(SofBa,NEVitiLevu)andtwonearWaila,
NNEofSuva,intheSEofthesameisland(Fig.1).Fromlo- AllspecimensarehousedintheNCBNaturaliscollections
calityTabataba-1alsoasedimentsamplewasavailable, (Leiden,TheNetherlands)(RGMregistrationnumbers).
yieldingsomeadditionalspecimens.Detailsoftheselocali-
tiesareasfollows:
Tabataba-1,NWVitiLevu,Fijiislands;abovewestwardme-
16 anderofMavuvuCreek,justeastofpoint9.05kmdueS
ofeastendofBariverbridgeatBa,map/gridreference
87103115,FijimapM27(Balevuto).Materialscollected
exsitu,surfacedbybullockplowinginParmendra
Prasad’speanutfield.SupposedlateMiocene/early
Pliocene,inferredBaVolcanicGroup.Sedimentoftan,
tuffaceoussilt,breakingintoangularfragments.Leg.A.
Grebneff(AGF237),4January1996.
Tabataba-2,NWVitiLevu,Fijiislands;250mWofMavuvu
Creek,9kmSofBa,NWVitiLevu,Fiji;map/gridrefer-
ence87053100,FijimapM27(Balevuto).Smalloutcrop Fig.1.OutlinemapofVitiLevu,thelargestislandoftheFijiArchipel-
onParmendraPrasad’sdriveway.Supposedlate ago,withapproximatepositionoftheTabatabaandWailalocations.
Miocene/earlyPliocene,inferredBaVolcanicGroup,
probablysamelevelasinlocality1.Sedimentofgrey,
weatheringtodulltancoloured,reasonablytoughbut Systematic palaeontology
nothardsedimentin3-15cmthickbeds,decalcified.Leg.
A.Grebneff(AGF230A),4January1996. Severaloftheencounteredspeciesaremerelylistedand
Waila-1,SEVitiLevu,Fijiislands;sideroadcutting,Wof donotneedfurtherdiscussion,astheyarestilllivingand
NausoriBridge,nearrightbankofRewaRiver,Nof well-knownfromtheliterature.Onseveralotherspecies
Suva;probably500mnorthofgridreference74058585, annotationsaregivenconcerningmorphologyor
FijimapO28(Nausori),edition1(1990).Supposedlate stratigraphicrange.
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PterotracheoideaRafinesque,1814 ?2010:Janssen&Little,2010:1114,pl.5figs2,3.
AtlantidaeRang,1829 Atlanta(Atlantidea)lissaWoodring,1928:134,pl.2figs26-27.
Protatlantasp.;D’Alessandroetal.,1979:78,pl.15fig.4.
AtlantaLesueur,1817 ProtatlantakakegawaensisShibata,1984:75,pl.23figs1-3;Shibata&Uji-
Typespecies(bysubsequentdesignation,deBlainville,1824:284): hara,2008:3,figs3/3-4.
AtlantaperoniiLesueur,1817(Recent). Protatlantalissa(Woodring,1928);Janssen,1998:98,pl.1figs4-5.
AtlantaplanaRichter,1972(Fig.2a,b) Materialexamined.–Tabataba1,RGM776657/1(Fig.3a-d);Tabataba-2,
AtlantaplanaRichter,1972:90,figs6,8;Janssen,2007:46,pl.12figs4,5; RGM776706/1?(Fig.4).
pl.13fig.1(withfurthersynonymy);Seapy,2011:TreeofLife
website,12figs. Description.–Thesinglerecognizablespecimenwasembed-
Atlantasp.;Janssen,2004:108,figs2,3. dedininduratedmatrix,andcouldonlybeisolatedwith
greatdifficulty.Indoingsothespecimenbrokeintothree
Materialexamined.–Tabataba1,RGM776656/9,RGM776710/1(Fig.2). pieces:theprotoconch,andthebodywhorlintwofrag-
ments.Inawaythiswasfavorable,asnowtheprotoconch
Discussion.–IntheRecentfaunathisspeciesisdistributed (Fig.3c,d)couldbedrawnseparately,beforerestorationof
inthePacificOceanwhereitreachesadiameterofc.4mm, thespecimen(Fig.3a,b).Thelarvalshellconsistsofalmost
butthelargestFijispecimeninthepresentmaterialisbarely 4½whorls,togetherformingaverylowcone.Thenucleus
2.2mm.Importantcharacteristicsarethepresenceoftwo hasadiameterofc.0.08mmandiswiderthanthetwosub-
spiralsonthesecondandthirdprotoconchwhorlsanda sequentwhorls,whenseeninapicalview.Theisolatedpro-
rapidwideningofthefourth.TheFijispecimensallagree toconchisc.1½timeswiderthanhigh,itsultimatewhorlis
withthesedataanddonotseemtoincludeotherspecies. largeandhasc.10verythin,threadlikespirals,regularly 17
ThespeciesisknownasaPliocene(Piacenzian)fossilfrom distributedoverthewhorlheight.Thebaseisnarrowlyum-
thePhilippines(Janssen,2007)andfromSESpain(Janssen, bilicate.Theadultshell(althoughconsiderablepiecesofthe
2004,asAtlantasp.),thelatterbeingthesolerecordfromthe shellwallaremissing)isc.2.6timeswiderthanhigh,with
Atlanticrealmtodate. infrontoftheprotoconchjustthebodywhorl.Thislast
RepresentativesofAtlantaareknownfromthelate whorlwidensmuchmorerapidlythantheprotoconch
Oligoceneonwards,butareusuallyunidentifiabletospecies whorls,neartheapertureitswidthisc.5.5timeswiderthan
astheessentialcharacteristicsarehardlyeverpreserved. thepenultimatewhorl.
Thegrowthlinesdescribeawideforwardcurvature,
ProtatlantaTesch,1908 bothontheapicalandtheumbilicalsidesoftheshell,onthe
Typespecies(bymonotypy):AtlantalamanoniSouleyet,1852,non peripherytheyarestronglycurvedbackwards,forminga
Eschscholtz,1825=A.souleyetiSmith,1888(Recent). distinctperipheralbelt.Somerathervagueundulationsde-
velopontheapicalsideofthebodywhorlandavaguespi-
Protatlantarotundata(Gabb,1873)(Fig.3a-d) ralstriationisvisibleinthesubsuturalhalf.
Theprotoconchisnotvisibleinaperturalview.During
nonAtlantarotundata[sic]d’Orb.;Reuss,1867:146[=lapsuscalamifor restorationofthespecimenitwasdifficulttodecidewhether
‘Allanta’rotundad’Orbigny,1834=Limacinahelicina(Phipps,1774) ornottheprotoconchoriginallyhadanobliqueposition
formarangii(d’Orbigny,1834)]. withrespecttothebodywhorl.
AtlantarotundataGabb,1873:201;Pilsbry,1922:314,fig.15;Janssen, Asecond,considerablylargerspecimen(RGM776706;
1999b:12,pl.2figs3-4;1999c:115,fig.1a-c;2004:107,pl.2fig.2a-b; W=10.7mm;Fig.4)ispoorlypreservedasaninternal
2007:53,pl.1fig.1;pl.17figs1-3;Janssen,inpress:pl.21figs8-10; mouldlackingtheearlierwhorls.Itcannotbeexcludedthat
Janssen,A.W.&Grebnev,A.–PelagicgastropodsfromVitiLevu
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itbelongstoanotherProtatlantaspecies.Twofurtherspecies
inthisgenusaredescribedinJanssen(inpress),fromthe
MioceneoftheMaltesearchipelago,resemblingP.rotundata
closelyintheadultstage,butdifferinginshapeand
ornamentationoftheembryonicwhorls.
Discussion.–Comparingthemorecompletespecimenwith
thematerial,includingtheholotype,ofP.rotundata,fromthe
DominicanRepublic(Janssen,1999b:12)demonstratessome
smalldifferences.TheadultshelloftypicalP.rotundatais
slightlyhigher,itsprotoconchhasanobliqueposition(but
thismayhavebeenthecaseinthepresentspecimenas
well),thespirallinesontheprotoconchshowazig-zag
shape,notclearlyobservedintheFijispecimen,thereareno
undulationsonthebody-whorl,andfinallytheshellshows
spiralmicroornamentcoveringboththeapicalandtheum-
bilicalsideofthebody-whorl.Thesedifferencesarehere
consideredtobeduetointraspecificvariability.
TheJapanesePlio-PleistoceneProtatlantakakegawaensis
Shibata,1984,resemblestheFijishellinbeingflatter,butits
spiralstriationisevenstrongerthaninDominican
18 P.rotundata,whichmightbeafurtherindicationofa
relativelywiderangeofvariability.
ApartfromthepresentFijioccurrenceProtatlantarotun-
dataisnowrecordedfromtheLanghianandSerravallianof
theMaltesearchipelago(Janssen,inpress),fromtheTorton-
ianofSicily(Janssen,1999b),fromthelateMioceneofthe
DominicanRepublic(Gabb,1873;Janssen,1999b),fromthe
Pliocene(Piacenzian)ofBowden,Jamaica(Janssen,1998),
Spain(Janssen,2004)andthePhilippines(Janssen,2007),
andfromthePlio/PleistoceneofJapan(Shibata,1984;Shi-
bata&Ujihara,2008;asP.kakegawaensis).FromtheMiocene
(Langhian)ofCyprusJanssen&Little(2010)mentioneda
numberofspecimensasP.rotundata,which,however,are
toopoorlypreserved(notshowingtheirinitialwhorls)tobe Figs2-5.FossilHeteropodafromVitiLevu,Fiji.2,AtlantaplanaRichter,
certainoftheiridentification. 1972,Tabataba-1,RGM776656,a:apertural,b:apicalviews.3,Protat-
lantarotundata(Gabb,1873),Tabataba-1,RGM776657,a-b:adultspeci-
men,a:apical,b:lateralviews,c-d:protoconch,c:apical,d:apertural
views.4,Protatlantarotundata?(Gabb,1873),Tabataba-2,RGM776706,
apicalview.5,CarinarialamarckiideBlainville,1817,Tabataba-2,RGM
776682,umbilicalview.Bar1mm.
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CarinariidaedeBlainville,1818 776697/12;Waila-2,RGM776683/8.
CarinariaLamarck,1801 Notes–Asfarascanbedecidedbytheirstateofpreserva-
Typespecies(bymonotypy):Carinariavitrea(Gmelin,1791)=C.cristata tion,allspecimensbelongtotheformB(seeJanssen,2004),
(Linné,1767)(Recent). characterizedbythepresenceofafalciformreinforcementin
theproximalhalfofthebodywhorlfromwhichathickened
CarinarialamarckiideBlainville,1817(Fig.5) subperipheralbeltontheinnershellwallprojectsforward.
CarinaireLamarckPéron&Lesueur,1810:69,pl.2fig.15. Astheextremelythinshellwallaboveandbelowthebeltis
LaCarinairedeLamarck,C.Lamarkii[sic]PéronetLesueur;de virtuallyalwaysbrokenitappearsasarostrumonthe
Blainville,1817:107. aperturalmargin.
CarinarialamarckiPéron&Lesueur,1810–vanderSpoel,1976:152,fig.
152a,152c-h(nonfig.152b-c=Heliconoidesinflata?)(withextensive LimacinaBosc,1817
synonymyofRecentoccurrences);Zorn,1997:34,pl.3figs2,3;Seapy, Typespecies(bymonotypy):‘leCliohélicine’=Limacinahelicina
2011:TreeofLifewebsite,9figs;Janssen,2012,p.22.,fig.35A-G. (Phipps,1774)(Recent).
Materialexamined.–Tabataba-1,RGM776682/1(Fig.5). Limacinabulimoides(d’Orbigny,1834)
Materialexamined.–Tabataba1,RGM776658/6;Waila-1,RGM776
Discussion.–Althoughverypoorlypreservedasanexternal 698/2;Waila-2,RGM776684/3.
mouldinhardmatrixwiththeinternalmouldpartly
present,thespecimencanbeeasilyrecognizedasbelonging Limacinalesueurii(d’Orbigny,1834)
tothisspeciesbythelongdiameterofitsaperturewhichis Materialexamined.–Waila-1,RGM776699/1;Waila-2,RGM776685/1.
largerthantheshellheight.Carinarialamarckiihasbeen 19
reportedfromtheMessinianofCrete(Zorn,1997)andfrom StriolimacinaJanssen,1999
youngerdeposits,andstillformspartofthelivingfauna. Typespecies(bymonotypy):Limacinaimitans(Gabb,1873)(Miocene).
StriolimacinaandaensisJanssen,2007(Fig.6)
LimacinoideaGray,1847 StriolimacinaandaensisJanssen,2007:63,pl.2,figs4,5;pl.22figs4,5
LimacinidaeGray,1847
Materialexamined.–Waila-1,RGM776700/1(Fig.6).
Heliconoidesd’Orbigny,1834
Typespecies(bysubsequentdesignation,Adams&Adams,1858):Heli- Note.–Thesingleavailablespecimenisajuvenileshell
conoidesinflata(d’Orbigny,1834)(Recent). (H=0.52mm,W=0.88mm,H/W-ratio=1.69),buteasily
recognizedasaStriolimacinaspeciesbythecharacteristic
Heliconoidesinflata(d’Orbigny,1834) backwarddivergingmicroornamentpreservedonthe
Atlantainflatad’Orbigny,1834:pl.12figs16-19. secondhalfofthebodywhorl,onlyvisibleatamagnifica-
Limacina(Thilea)inflata(Orbigny,1836)–vanderSpoel,1967:50,figs17, tionof50x.ThespecimendiffersfromthePhilippinetype
18(withextensivesynonymy). seriesofthisspeciesbyasomewhatlowershellshapeanda
Heliconoidesinflata(d’Orbigny)formB–Janssen,2004:110,pl.1figs4-6. moreroundedtransitionfromtheloweraperturalmargin
intothecolumella.Previously,thisspecieswasexclusively
Materialexamined.–Tabataba1,RGM776659/many;Waila-1,RGM knownfromthePiacenzianofthePhilippines.
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CreseidaeRampal,1973 Discussion.–ThefewWailaspecimensagreecompletely
withtheRecentHyalocylisstriata,butitcannotbeexcluded
BowdenathecaCollins,1934 thattheyarejuvenileordamagedspecimensofH.marginata
Typespecies(bymonotypy):BowdenathecajamaicensisCollins,1934 Janssen,2007,aspecieshithertoonlyknownfromthePia-
(Pliocene). cenzianofPangasinan,Philippines,onlydifferingfromH.
striatabythepossessionofareinforcedaperturalmargin,
BowdenathecajamaicensisCollins,1934(Fig.7a,b) notpresentorpreservedintheFijispecimens.Asseveral
BowdenathecajamaicensisCollins,1934:221,pl.13figs13-15;Zorn,1997: furtherspeciesfromWailapointtoacorrelationwiththe
35,pl.4figs1-4;Janssen,1998:100,pl.1figs14a-c,15a-c. Pangasinanfauna,thepossibilityshouldbekeptinmind,
Creseinaesp.?nov.–Janssen,1995:30,pl.2fig.3a-d. butcanonlybedemonstratedbymorecompletelypre-
Bowdenatheca?sp.–Ujihara,1996:780,fig.5/43-49. servedmaterial.
Materialexamined.–Tabataba1,RGM776660/7,RGM776711/1(Fig.7). Styliolasubula(Quoy&Gaimard,1827)
Materialexamined.–Tabataba1,RGM776663/54;Waila-1,RGM776
Discussion.–Inspiteoftheirpoorpreservation,these 702/7;Waila-2,RGM776688/many(>150).
specimenscouldberecognizedasbelongingtothis
(Tortonian?)-Messinian-Piacenzianspecies,originally
describedfromJamaica,butinthemeantimealsoknown CuvierinidaeGray,1847
fromtheMediterraneanandJapan.Theillustratedspecimen
isaninternalmouldwithremnantsoftheactualshell, CuvierinaBoas,1886
slightlycompresseddorso-ventrally.
20 Cuvierinas.str.
Typespecies)(bymonotypy):Cuvierinacolumnella(Rang,1827)(Recent)
CreseisRang,1828 (redefinedbyneotypedesignation,Janssen,2005:45,fig.10a-c).
Typespecies(subsequentdesignationbyvanderSpoel,1967:57):
Cleodora(Creseis)virgulaRang,1828(Recent). Cuvierina(Cuvierina)spec.(Fig.9a-c)
Materialexamined.–Tabataba1,RGM776.664/3,15fragments,RGM
Creseischierchiae(Boas,1886)formaconstricta 776712/1(Fig.9).
Chen&Bé,1964
Materialexamined.–Tabataba1,RGM776662/2,3protoconchs. Discussion.–Small(H=6.75mm,H/W-ratio=4.44;Fig.9),
slender,cylindricalcuvierinidwithanotinflatedshell,
Creseisclava(Rang,1828) withoutradialmicroornament,aperturereniformin
Materialexamined.–Tabataba1,RGM776661/3fragments;Waila-2, adapicalview.
RGM776686/1. TheFijispecimensdifferfromtwoequallyslender
species,namelyCuvierinajagtiJanssen,1995(H/W-ratio~
HyalocylisFol,1875 5.0),knownfromtheMiocene(Tortonian)ofnorthernItaly
Typespecies(byoriginaldesignation):‘Hyalocylisstriata=Cleodorastri- andSicily,andC.ludbrooki(Caprotti,1962)(H/W-ratio~
ata(Rang)’(Recent). 4.44),occurringinPliocene(Piacenzian)depositsofnorthern
ItalyandSpain.Bothspecieshaveamoretriangularaper-
Hyalocylisstriata(Rang,1828)? ture,andinC.jagtiaradialmicroornamentispresent.The
Materialexamined.–Waila-1,RGM776701/1juvenile;Waila-2,RGM FijispecimensarefarmoreslenderthanthePliocene(Zan-
776687/4. clean-Piacenzian)C.astesanaRang,(1829)(H/W-ratio~3.75).
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Noneofthespeciesreferredtoisknowntodatefromthe Well-preservedspecimensofallthreespeciespossessradial
Pacificrealm,butequallyslenderspecimensweredescribed microornament.
andillustratedbyUjihara(1996:778,figs5.1-5.15)asCuvie- SpecimensfromtheMiyazakiGroup(Pliocene)ofJapan,
rinacf.C.tubulataCollins,1934,fromtheMiyazakiGroup, illustratedbyUjihara(1996,figs5.16-28,asC.intermedia)
Japan.Thelattertaxon,however,isconsideredasynonym havethelateraloutlinesofthelowershellpartdistinctly
ofC.astesana(Rang,1829)(seeJanssen,2006:87).TheJapan- concaveandthereforeagreebetterwithC.inflataorurceo-
esespecimensareinsufficientlywellpreservedtoascertain laris.TheFijispecimens,bytheirmoregraduallyconvex
presenceorabsenceofmicroornament(A.Ujihara,pers. sidelinesbelongtoC.intermedia.Thatspeciesisknownfrom
comm.).AstheyoriginatefromPliocenedeposits(referred theSerravalliantotheZanclean.
byUjihara[1996]toplanktonicforaminiferazoneinterval
N18-20,butlaterbyTorii&Oda(2001)recognizedasthe
lowerpartofzoneN21=Piacenzian;A.Ujihara,pers.
comm.)itismorelikelythattheyrepresentC.ludbrooki.The
identityoftheFijispecimensremainsenigmatic;theymight
representanundescribedspecies.
UrceolaricaJanssen,2006
Typespecies(byoriginaldiagnosis):CuvieriaurceolarisMörch,1850
(Recent).
Cuvierina(Urceolarica)intermedia(Bellardi,1873)
(Fig.8a-c) 21
CuvieriaintermediaBellardi,1873:36,pl.3fig.20.
Cuvierinaintermedia(Bellardi,1873);Janssen,1995:39,pl.3figs5,6
(withlectotypedesignation);Janssen,2005:fig.36;nonUjihara,
1996:777,figs5.16-5.28[=Cuvierinainflata(Bellardi,1873)].
Cuvierina(Urceolarica)intermedia(Bellardi,1873):Janssenetal.,2008:
361,pl.1fig.11;Janssen,inpress:pl.6fig.3.
Materialexamined.–Tabataba1,RGM776665/8,RGM776713/1(Fig.8).
Discussion.–ThespeciesCuvierinaurceolaris(Mörch,1850),
C.inflata(Bellardi,1873)andC.intermediaarecharacterized
byavariablyinflatedshellshapeandsometimesitisrather
difficulttoassigncertainspecimenstooneofthesetaxa.In
Figs6-9.FossilPteropodafromVitiLevu,Fiji.6,Striolimacinaandaensis
C.urceolarisandC.inflata,however,theinflationisstronger
Janssen,2007,Waila-1,RGM776700,aperturalview.7,Bowdenathecaja-
andthelateraloutlinesoftheshellbelowtheinflationare
maicensisCollins,1934,Tabataba-1,RGM776711;a:frontal,b:lateral
straightorslightlyconcave,inthatwayaccentuatingthepo-
view.8,Cuvierina(Urceolarica)intermedia(Bellardi,1873),Tabataba-1,
sitionofthepointofstrongestinflation.InC.intermediathe
RGM776713,a:apertural,b:ventral,c:leftlateralviews.9,Cuvierina
inflationisnotsostrongandverygradual.Especiallyinthe
(Cuvierina)sp.,Tabataba-1,RGM776712,a:apertural,b:ventral,c:left
lowerhalfoftheshellthelateraloutlinesareneverconcave
lateralviews.Bar0.5mmforFig.5,1mmotherfigs.
(seeillustrationsoftypespecimensinJanssen,1995,pl.3).
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CliidaeJeffreys,1869 f.lanceolata(Lesueur,1813)
Materialexamined.–Tabataba-1,RGM776668/6,RGM776669/c.100;
ClioLinné,1767 Waila-1,RGM776704/2juveniles;Waila-2,RGM776690/28juve-
niles,somefragments.
Clios.str.
Typespecies(bysubsequentdesignation,Gray,1847:203):Cliopyrami-
dataLinné,1767(Recent). CavoliniidaeGray,1850
Clio(Clio)convexaconvexaBoas,1886 CavoliniaAbildgaard,1791,emend.Philippi,1853
Cleodorapyramidata(L.)var.convexaBoas,1886:73,203,pl.6fig.97a-d. Typespecies(bymonotypy):CavolinianatansAbildgaard,1791=C.
Cliopyramidataconvexa(Boas);?Tesch,1913:37,fig.33. tridentata(Forskål,inNiebuhr,1775)(Recent).
ClioteschiMcGowan,1960:101,fig.35(nomennudum).
CliopyramidataLinnaeusformaconvexa(Boas)–vanderSpoel,1967:70, Cavoliniabituminata(Beets,1953)(Fig.10a,b)
figs55,59;1973:17,figs1-8(withlectotypedesignation);Richter, CavolinabituminataBeets,1953:251,pl.1figs5-7;Skwarko&Sufiati,
1979:16,pl.2fig.15a-c. 1994:y3;Janssen,1999a:180,pl.1,fig.2a-c.
CliopyramidataformaconvexaBoas;vanderSpoel,1976:190,fig.33a,b.
Clioconvexa(Boas,1886);Bé&Gilmer,1977:773,pl.7,figs20a-e;Al- Materialexamined.–Tabataba-1,RGM776673/1(Fig.10);Tabataba-2,
mogi-Labin,1982:58,pl.2,fig.7. RGM776707/1.
Cliopyramidata(Linné)formalanceolata(Lesueur)–Janssen,1999b:pl.3
figs14a-d,18a-c(partim,nonpyramidataLinné,neclanceolata Discussion.–Thisspeciessofarwasexclusivelyknownby
Lesueur;nonfigs13,15,16=C.pyramidataf.lanceolata). itsholotypefromthelateMioceneasphalticdepositsof
22 Cliosp.Janssen,1999b:22,pl.3fig.18a-c. Waisiu(=Wasioe,inDutch),Buton(Indonesia).Thetwo
Clioconvexaconvexa(Boas);Rampal,2002:237,figs15D,16F-L;Janssen, specimensinthepresentFijimaterialagreewiththetype
2007:79,pl.3fig.13;pl.4figs1,3;pl.24figs6.7. butdiffersomewhatinsize(holotypeH=3.3mm,RGM776
673H=3.44+mm,RGM776707H=4.23mm).Such
Materialexamined.–Tabataba-1,RGM776666/14,7protoconchs,RGM differencesinsizearenotunusualforCavoliniaspecies.
776667/13protoconchs;Waila-1,RGM776703/1juvenile;Waila-2,
RGM776689/9,3fragments. Cavoliniamarginata(Bronn,1862),
f.hyugaensisUjihara,1996(Fig.11)
Discussion.–Thespecimensaretoosmallortoostrongly CavoliniavendryesianahyugaensisUjihara,1996:785,figs7.18-7.30.
damagedtoobtainafairimpressionoftheirsideviewout- Cavoliniamarginata(Bronn,1862)formahyugaensisUjihara,1996;Jans-
line,butnoneoftheshellsdemonstratesthe‘hump-backed’ senetal.,2008:364,fig.5C.
shapedescribedforClioconvexacyphosaRampal,2002,
thereforetheyareincludedhereinthetypicalsubspecies. Materialexamined.–Tabataba-2,RGM776708/1(Fig.11).
ForadiscussionseeJanssen(2007:80).Sofarthisspeciesis
notknowntooccurolderthanZanclean.Thepresent Discussion.–VariousformsofCavoliniamarginataare
distributionofthisspeciesisrestrictedtotheIndo-Pacific knownfromlateMioceneandPlioceneassemblages.The
basin,RedSeaincluded.Theonlyobservationsfromthe f.hyugaensisischaracterizedbythepossessionoftwoweak
AtlanticrealmareafewspecimensfromthePlioceneofthe depressionsbelowtherimaroundtheaperturalsideofthe
DominicanRepublic,misidentifiedbyJanssen(1999b). dorsalshellpart.InthelateMiocenef.limatulaBeets,1943,
andthreefurtherPlioceneformsthesedepressionsarenot
Clio(Clio)pyramidataLinné,1767, developed.
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Cavoliniamexicana(Collins,1934)(Fig.11a,b) spineispartlypreserved,indicatingthatthesespecimensdo
CavolinamexicanaCollins,1934:182,pl.7figs12-15. notbelongtothatgenus.
CavoliniaglobulosaRang–Ladd,1934:235,pl.42figs2,3(nonRang).
Cavolina(Gamopleura)cranioidesBeets,1943:306.
Cavolina(Gamopleura)cranoides[sic]–Beets,1943:pl.29figs120-123.
CavolinaglobulosacranioidesBeets,1950:336.
Cavoliniaglobulosa(Gray,1850)–Shibata,Ishigaki&Ujihara,1986:50,
pl.8fig.9(nonGray).
Cavolinamexicana(Collins,1934)-Ujihara,Shibata&Saito,1990:321,pl.
2figs11-12;Ujihara,1996:783,figs7.1-7.9;Janssen,1999a:181,187,
pl.1figs3a-c,4a-c;pl.11fig.9a-c;1999b:24,pl.4figs5-7.
Materialexamined.–Tabataba-1,RGM776670/1(Fig.11),RGM776
671/14.
Discussion.–CavoliniamexicanaisknownfromlateMiocene
(Tortonian-Messinian)localitiesintheDominicanRepublic
andIndonesia,andfromearlyPliocenerocksinMexicoand
Japan.Thespecimenillustratedherein(Fig.11)isoneofthe
veryfewspecimensretainingthecompletelarvalshell
(thankstoabitofmatrixfillingupthespace)thatisso
stronglycurvedthattheapexalmosttouchesthebaseofthe 23
dorsalshellpart.
CavoliniashibataiJanssen,2007(Fig.13)
Cavolinialongirostrislongirostris(Lesueur);Shibata,1979:119,pl.19figs
25-28(nonLesueur).
Cavolinialongirostrisformalongirostris(Blainville);Shibata,1984:86,pl.
25figs5,6(nondeBlainville).
Cavoliniasp.–Ujihara,1996:785,fig.7.15.
CavoliniashibataiJanssen,2007:87,pl.5figs4-6.
Materialexamined.–Waila-2,RGM776695/1,22fragments,RGM776
716/1fragment(Fig.13).
Discussion.–SomefragmentaryspecimensfromWaila
Figs10-13.FossilCavoliniaspeciesfromVitiLevu,Fiji.10,C.bituminata
agreewithCavoliniashibatai,introducedfromthePliocene
(Beets,1953),Tabataba-1,RGM776673,a:dorsal,b:leftlateralviews.
(Piacenzian)ofPangasinan,Philippines(Janssen,2007).The
11,C.marginata(Bronn,1862)f.hyugaensisUjihara,1996,Tabataba-2,
JapanesespecimensreferredtoarePliocene(N19-21,
RGM776708,dorsalview.12,C.mexicanaCollins,1934,Tabataba-1,
Zanclean-Piacenzian)orearlyPleistocene(N22).Adultshell
RGM776670,a:dorsal,b:leftlateralviews.13,C.shibataiJanssen,2007,
partsofthisspeciesresembleseveralDiacavoliniaspecies
Waila-2,RGM776695,fragment,dorsalview.Bar1mm.
closely,butinatleasttwofragmentaryspecimensthecaudal
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Cavoliniatridentata(Forskål,1775) DiacriaphilippinensisJanssen,2007(Fig.16a-c)
Materialexamined.–Waila-2,RGM776691/3fragments. DiacriaphilippinensisJanssen,2007:100,pl.7fig.3;pl.8fig.6;pl.25fig.1.
Cavoliniaspec.indet. Materialexamined.–Waila-1,RGM776705/4,3fragments;RGM776
Materialexamined.–RGM776672/1,RGM776674/10 714/1(Fig.16);Waila-2,RGM776694/2,c.70fragments.
DiacriaJ.E.Gray,1847 Discussion.–Alsothisspecieswashithertoonlyknown
Typespecies(byoriginaldesignation,J.E.Gray,1847:203):Hyalea fromthePhilippines.Manyspecimenswerefound,mostof
trispinosa. themfragmentary,agreeingcompletelywiththePangasinan
specimens.Pliocene(Piacenzian).
DiacriambaensisLadd,1934(Fig.14a-c)
DiacriambaensisLadd,1934:234,237,pl.42figs6,7;Beets,1950:336; Diacriatrispinosa(deBlainville,1821)
Skwarko&Sufiati,1994:y4;Janssen,1999a:183,pl.1figs6a-c, Materialexamined.–Tabataba-1,RGM776678/1,1fragment,RGM776
7a,b,13a,b,14a,b. 679/1,5fragments.
DiacrakipasiformisBeets,1943:304,figs98-100.
ClioasphaltodesBeets,1943:304,figs101-103;Skwarko&Sufiati, Diacriatrispinosa(deBlainville,1821),
1994:y4. f.bisulcataGabb,1873(Fig.17a,b)
DiacriabisulcataGabb,1873:200;Guppy,1882:175(reprintedinHarris,
Materialexamined.–Tabataba-1,RGM776675/1(Fig.14),RGM776 1921:244);Pilsbry,1922:309,text-fig.4(3figs);Collins,1934:197,pl.
676/21,RGM776677/1protoconch,RGM776681/1retaining 9figs18-20(copiedfromPilsbry,1922)(nonpl.9figs15-17,pl.10
protoconch;Tabataba-2,RGM776709/1. figs1-3(=D.trispinosas.str.);Noda,1972:478,pl.57fig.18.
24 Cavolinia(Diacria)bisulcataGabb–Dall,1893:430.
Discussion.–IfseenfromthedorsalsideDiacriambaensis Diacriatrispinosaformatrispinosa(Blainville,1821);Shibata,1984:84,pl.
resemblessmallspecimensofthespeciesD.trispinosa(de 25figs1-3(nonf.trispinosa).
Blainville,1821)closely.Theventralside,however,differs .DiacriapiccolaBleeker&vanderSpoel,1988:60,figs2-4.
distinctlybytheabsenceofthetwonarrowribssituated Diacriatrispinosa(deBlainville);Janssen,1995:107,pl.9figs3,4(excl.
nexttothecentralswelling,asaresultofwhichtheventral synonymy).
shellpartisregularlyvaulted.Thespeciesisexclusively Diacriatrispinosa(deBlainville)formabisulcataGabb;Janssen,1998:104,
knownfromlateMiocene(Tortonian,?Messinian)age pl.2fig.14;1999b:27,pl.5figs6-8;2007:102,pl.7fig.4;pl.8fig.5;
deposits.IntermediateformsbetweenD.trispinosaand pl.25figs2,3.
D.mbaensisarenotknown.
Materialexamined.–Waila-2,RGM776692/1fragment,RGM776715/1
(Fig.17).
DiacriamicrostriataJanssen,2007(Fig.15a,b)
DiacriamicrostriataJanssen,2007:97,pl.8fig.1. Discussion.–Justasingledamagedspecimenandadorsal
fragmentareavailable,bothconvincinglydemonstratingthe
Materialexamined.–Waila-2,RGM776693/1(Fig.15). typicalfeatureofthisform,inwhichthecentralthreedorsal
radialribspresentinthetypicalformofDiacriatrispinosaare
Discussion.–Thiscuriousspecies,untilnowonlyknown fusedtoformasinglewideswelling.Theformaisknown
fromitstypelocalityinPangasinan,Philippines,wasfound fromunspecifiedlateMioceneassemblagesintheDomini-
inasingle,ratherdamagedspecimen,butwasnevertheless canRepublicandItaly,fromthePlioceneofItaly,Jamaica
wellidentifiable.Pliocene(Piacenzian). andthePhilippines,aswellasfromunspecified
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