Description:In trying to keep up with the fast pace of developments in cyber conflict, the scholarship has largely overlooked the most fundamental question: are states actually able to conduct operations in the first place? Whilst much of the literature has rushed ahead to speculate whether cyber effect operations can coerce or produce strategic advantage, or be influenced by norms, this book takes that step back.
No Shortcuts provides an empirical overview of states’ developments in the cyber realm and finds that states are
barely able to field a military cyber-force.